EOH 353 - Global Perspective of Environmental Health » Spring 2020 » Final Exam
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Question #1
One of the concerns that surrounded the use of Agent Orane was that it:
A.
was a major cause of night blindness
B.
was transported home on the clothing of military personnel
C.
was not effective because it evaporated rapidly
D.
contained very small amounts of dioxin
Question #2
What form of carboate is used mainly as an herbicide?
A.
Carbaryl
B.
Thiocarbamate
C.
Metam sodium
D.
Dithiocarbamate
E.
None of the above
Question #3
As with nerve gases, which type of persticides act on the nervous system of insects and higher orgaisms by disrupting the transmission of nerve impulses
A.
Organophosphates
B.
Carbamates
C.
Organochlorines
D.
Pyrethrins
E.
None of the above
Question #4
What type of chemica hazard results from incomplete combustion of petroleum-based chemicals and other organic substances?
A.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
B.
Volatile organic compounds
C.
polychlorinated biphenyls
D.
Persistent organic pollutants
E.
None of the above
Question #5
DDT has been found to
A.
accumulate in the tissues of many animals
B.
cause a significant number of accidental deaths
C.
cause frequent cases of acute toxicity among exterminators
D.
both accumulate in the tissuesof many animals and persist in the environment
E.
persist in the environment
Question #6
Pesticides are
A.
all synthetic chemicals
B.
always the best weapon against insect pests
C.
always highly toxic to humans.
D.
None of the above
E.
all of the above
Question #7
Agent Orange is an example of a
A.
insecticide
B.
herbicide
C.
fungicide
D.
fumigant
E.
None of the above
Question #8
Hazardous chemicals, omnipresent in the environment, are vital to society yet simultaneously raise the specter of potential harm to all living things on Earth
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #9
Synthetic chemicals, used on our farms, not only help feed us cheaply and well, they help feed much of the rest of the world as well
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #10
Which of the following is an unclassified pesticidi used as a soil fumigant?
A.
Parathion
B.
Malathion
C.
Diazinon
D.
Chloropicrin
Question #11
What type of pesticides are persistent in the environment and bioaccumulate in the food chain?
A.
Organochlorines
B.
Methyl Isocyanates
C.
Carbamates
D.
Organophosphates
Question #12
Body burdens of chemicals such as dioxins, methyl mercury, PCBs and a range of the usual suspects are the increasingly represented norm rather than the exception in the US population
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #13
Which of the following is a measure of the absorbed dose of radiation?
A.
The roentgen or cuolomb per kilogram
B.
The rem or sievert
C.
The curie or becquerel
D.
The rad or gray
E.
None of the above
Question #14
The term mrad stands for
A.
1000 rad
B.
1,000,000 rad
C.
1/1,000,000 of a rad
D.
1/100 rad
E.
1/1000 of a rad
Question #15
Which of the following products sometimes contain radioactive substances?
A.
smoke detectors
B.
Dentures
C.
toothpaste
D.
Dentures, tobacco products, and smoke detectors
E.
tobacco products
Question #16
Which of the following is a measure used to describe the amount of radioactivity in a sample of material?
A.
The curie or becquerel
B.
The roentgen or cuolomb per kilogram
C.
The rad or gray
D.
The rem or sievert
E.
None of the above
Question #17
Each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei and is radioactive is called
A.
isotope
B.
radioisotope
C.
radionuclide
D.
nuclide
E.
None of the above
Question #18
Which of the following forms radiaion can penetrate up to a 2-cm layer of skin tissue?
A.
Beta particles
B.
Alpha particles
C.
X-rays
D.
Gamma rays
E.
None of the above
Question #19
Which of the following is an SI unit of ionizing radiation measurement
A.
Becquerel
B.
Curie
C.
Rem
D.
Roentgen
E.
Rad
Question #20
If you went on a flight across country, at whicih altitude would you be exposed to the most ionizing radiation. AC. 1. 28,000 feet. 2. 32,000 feet. 3. 36,000 feet
A.
35,000 feet
B.
25,000 feet
C.
30,000 feet
D.
40,000 feet
Question #21
The unit of energy associated with emissions from radioactive materials (radionuclide) is the electron volt (eV)
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #22
Sources of nonionizing radiation include:
A.
radio waves
B.
infrared radiation
C.
visible light radiation
D.
radiation from power lines
E.
All of the above
Question #23
A radiation exposure device that is used commonly in the occupational environment is a firm badge
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #24
Which of the following statements is not accurate in view of research on the association between exposure to EMF and cancer?
A.
The long term effects are open to debate
B.
The long term effects are clear and definitive
C.
The findings of some studies are questionable because of small sample sizes
D.
In a Norweigian study, no firm conclusions can be drawn
E.
None of the above
Question #25
Very small particles can be removed from drinking water by :
A.
sand filtering
B.
both sand filtering and use of activated charcoal
C.
boiling
D.
use of activated charcoal
E.
All of the above
Question #26
In the United States, disinfection of drinking water with chlorine or other method is done to remove
A.
sand and gravel
B.
pathogenic microorganisms
C.
particles suspended in water
D.
bad smells
E.
None of the above
Question #27
Finished water is defined as
A.
The water that is delivered to the distribution systems after treatment
B.
an annual supply of renewable freshwater between 1,000 and 1,700 cubic meters per person
C.
an annual supply of renewable freshwater less than 1,000 cubic meters per person
D.
a layer or section of earth that contains freshwater
E.
the natural cycle by which water evaporates from water bodies
Question #28
Which of the following groups are particularly at risk for waterborne pathogens
A.
Persons taking steriods
B.
Young children
C.
Elderly persons
D.
Patients who have HIV/AIDS
E.
All of the above
Question #29
Water scarcity is defined as
A.
the water that is delivered to the distribution system after treatment
B.
a layer or section of earth that contains freshwater
C.
an annual supply of renewable freshwater between 1,000 and 1,700 cubic meters per person
D.
an annual supply of renewable freshwater less than 1,000 cubic meters per person
E.
the natural cycle by which water evaporates from water bodies
Question #30
An aquifer is defined as
A.
the water that is delivered to the distribution system after treatment
B.
a layer or section of earth that contains freshwater
C.
an annual supply of renewable freshwater less than 1,000 cubic meters per person
D.
an annual supply of renewable freshwater between 1,000 and 1,700 cubic meters per person
E.
the natural cycle by which water evaporates from water bodies
Question #31
Water stress is defined as
A.
the natural cycle by which water evaporates from water bodies
B.
a layer or section of earth that contains freshwater
C.
the water that is delivered to the distribution system after treatment
D.
an annual supply of renewable freshwater between 1,000 and 1,700 cubic meters per person
E.
an annual supply of renewable freshwater less than 1,000 cubic meters per person
Question #32
The two main sources of drinking water are surface water and groundwater
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #33
In the United States, the average person uses about 400 gallons of water per day
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #34
About 90% of the world lacks safe drinking water
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #35
Production of one barrel of beer requires 1,500 gallons of water
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #36
What infectious agent produces cysts that transmit the condition via contaminated food and water and have the ability to survive for long periods in cold water
A.
Salmonella typhi
B.
Giardia lamblia
C.
Vibrio cholera
D.
Escherichia coli
Question #37
As of 2010, according to the National Ambient Air Quality Standards, the standard for carbon monoxide levels during an 8-hour period is
A.
0.053 ppm
B.
35 ppm
C.
0.15 ppm
D.
9 ppm
E.
None of the above
Question #38
Which of the following statements regarding diesel exhaust is false?
A.
All researchers agree that it poses a risk to human health
B.
Widespread exposure to diesel exhaust occurs in the community
C.
Public health experts have named it a probable carcinogen
D.
Older vehicles do not have the advantage of advanced emissions controls
E.
None of the above
Question #39
Which of the following is a major contributor to acid rain?
A.
SO2
B.
VOCs
C.
PM
D.
CO
E.
None of the above
Question #40
Which of the following is one of the human health effects of sulfur dioxide
A.
Carboxyhemoglobin formation
B.
Brain/central nervous system damage
C.
Bronchoonstriction
D.
Lung cancer
E.
None of the above
Question #41
The worldwide death toll from air pollution in 2012 has been estimated to range up to approximately
A.
700,000
B.
1,000,000
C.
1,700,000
D.
7,000,000
E.
None of the above
Question #42
In order to decrease human-made carbon monoxide pollution, we would need to
A.
require industries to use electrostatic percipitators
B.
require power companies to use oil instead of coal
C.
eliminate the use of incinerators
D.
reduce emissions from mobile sources of air pollution
E.
None of the above
Question #43
Which of the following describes a temperature inversion
A.
An atmospheric condition during which a warm layer of air stalls above a cool layer
B.
A condition associated with smog that causes eye irritation, irritaiton of the respiratory tract, and chest pains
C.
Dust, soot and other finely divided solid and liquid particles
D.
The precipitation
E.
A mixture of pollutants, principally ground level ozone
F.
of acidic compounds formed when components of air pollution interact with other components in the air
Question #44
The creation of aerosol particles denotes
A.
dust, soot, and other finely divided solid and liquid particles
B.
a mixture of pollutants, principally ground level ozone
C.
a condition associated with smog that causes eye irritation, irritation of the respiratory tract, and chest pains,
D.
The precipitation of acidic compounds formed when components of air pollution interact with other components in the air
E.
an atmospheric condition during which a warm layer of air stalls above a cool layer
Question #45
Which of the following describes smog complex?
A.
a condition associated with smog that causes eye irritation, irritation of the respiratory tract, and chest pains,
B.
dust, soot, and other finely divided solid and liquid particles
C.
an atmospheric condition during which a warm layer of air stalls above a cool layer
D.
a mixture of pollutants, principally ground level ozone
E.
The precipitation of acidic compounds formed when components of air pollution interact with other components in the air
Question #46
Which of the following statements about the Kyoto Protocol is true?
A.
As of February 2005, 141 countries had ratified the protocol
B.
Developed countries are required to reduce emissions by target amounts
C.
It is a legally binding compact initiated I 1997
D.
The United States did not ratify the Protocol
E.
All of the above
Question #47
Carbon monoxide has more than 200 times more affinity that oxygen for binding with hemoglobin in the blood
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #48
In high-income countries, more than half of the residents live in cities that do not meet WHO air quality standards
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #49
Which of the following is the most favored method for waste management
A.
Source reduction
B.
recycling
C.
Landfilling
D.
waste combustion
E.
offsite composting
Question #50
What percentage of the total municipal solid waste stream is contributed by paper?
A.
Approximately 3%
B.
Approximately 50%
C.
Approximatey 25%
D.
Approximately 10%
E.
Approximately 75%
Question #51
Source reduction involves which of the following activities
A.
Offsite composting
B.
Reprocessing of aluminium cans
C.
Less wasteful package designs
D.
Production of new bottles from used bottles
E.
All of the above
Question #52
The growing solid waste problem is characterized by which of the following
A.
Increasing amounts of municipal solid waste
B.
More garbage produced by developing countries
C.
Filling up and closing landfills in some areas of the United States
D.
Increasing the costs of tipping fees
E.
All of the above
Question #53
Which of the following is inappropriate for composting?
A.
Wool and cotton rags
B.
Coffee grounds
C.
Fruit and vegetable scraps
D.
Yard clippings
E.
Fats, oils, grease
Question #54
Which of the following statement about incineration is false?
A.
Air pollution can be reduced by the use of scrubbers
B.
Combustion removes all carcinogens and heavy metals
C.
Usually no attempt is made to sort the thrash
D.
High temperature deactivate pathogens
E.
None of the above
Question #55
The advantages of recycling include?
A.
reducing greenhouse gas emissions
B.
perserving raw materials
C.
decreasing burden on landfills
D.
preventing water pollution
E.
all of the above
Question #56
The materials that are most amenable to recycling include automobile batteries, paper, and landscaping materials
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #57
Since 1991, who has assumed the primary role of regulating medical wastes by applying guidance acquired from the Medical Waste Tracking Act?
A.
Environmental Protection Agency
B.
Hospital and medical facilities
C.
State regulators
D.
Local municipalities
Question #58
Which of the following is the most frequently employed method for disposal of hazardous wastes?
A.
Composting
B.
Incineration
C.
Land disposal units
D.
Recycling
Question #59
According to the EPA, which of the following has the potential for greatly reducing the amount of materials that must be disposed of in landfills, as about one-quarter of household wastes consists of clippings from gardens and food waste?
A.
Incineration
B.
Composting
C.
Recycling
D.
Landfills
Question #60
Although they maybe placed in landfills, wastes from construction sites, sludge from wastewater treatment, and industrial wastes that are non hazardous are all considered to be municipal solid wastes
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #61
In 2015, which of the following condition accounted for approximately 15% of occupational illnesses (excluding injuries) in the United States
A.
Poisoning
B.
Pneumoconiosis
C.
Blood poisoning
D.
Dermatitis
E.
Deafness
Question #62
Allergies caused by industrial chemicals often exhibit which of the following symptoms
A.
Brain lesions
B.
Death
C.
Fibrosis of the lungs
D.
Dermatitis
E.
None of the above
Question #63
Sources of job stress include:
A.
inadequate compensation
B.
work overload
C.
Job dissatisfaction
D.
Job insecurity
E.
All of the above
Question #64
Organizing workshifts and rotating employees to minimize exposure to hazards is an example of which of the following?
A.
Ergonomic safeguards
B.
Administrative controls
C.
Engineering controls
D.
Modifications of the work environment
E.
None of the above
Question #65
An occupational disease cuased by the inhalation of certain dust particles is called
A.
atherosclersis
B.
caisson disease
C.
pneumoconiosis
D.
dermatosis
E.
None of the above
Question #66
The last line of defense against occupational hazards should be
A.
modification of work practices
B.
engineering controls
C.
administrative controls
D.
use of personal protective equipment
E.
None of the above
Question #67
Many of the workers who were children that labored in vapor-filled poorly ventilated rooms, developed which of the following conditions?
A.
Mad hatter's disease
B.
Caisson disease
C.
Baker' itch
D.
Phossy jaw
E.
None of the above
Question #68
Which of the following was an afflictin that occurred among workers who manufactured matches around the late 1900s
A.
Filecutter's paralysis
B.
mad-hatter's disease
C.
Phossy jaw
D.
Caisson disease
Question #69
Human beings can perceive difference between sound intensifies from the lowest levels to the highest levels , which vary by a factor of more than 1 trillion
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #70
Many of the work related respiratory diseases are acute conditions that have short latency periods
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #71
Asthma has become the most frequently diagnosed occupatioal respiratory disease in occupational medicine clinics
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #72
Which of the following represents the NIOSH recommended exposure limit (REL) for noise exposure in the workplace during an 8 hour shift?
A.
55 dBA
B.
65 dBA
C.
85 dBA
D.
75 dBA
Question #73
A temperature inversion causes which of the following?
A.
Reduced concentration of pollutants close to the earth's surface
B.
All ov the above
C.
Greater concentration of pollutants close to the Earth's surface
D.
Greater production of pollutants
E.
Production of more dangerous pollutants
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