EOH 353 - Global Perspective of Environmental Health » Spring 2020 » Final Exam
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Question #1
One of the concerns that surrounded the use of Agent Orane was that it:
A.
was transported home on the clothing of military personnel
B.
contained very small amounts of dioxin
C.
was not effective because it evaporated rapidly
D.
was a major cause of night blindness
Question #2
What form of carboate is used mainly as an herbicide?
A.
Metam sodium
B.
Dithiocarbamate
C.
Carbaryl
D.
Thiocarbamate
E.
None of the above
Question #3
As with nerve gases, which type of persticides act on the nervous system of insects and higher orgaisms by disrupting the transmission of nerve impulses
A.
Organophosphates
B.
Carbamates
C.
Organochlorines
D.
Pyrethrins
E.
None of the above
Question #4
What type of chemica hazard results from incomplete combustion of petroleum-based chemicals and other organic substances?
A.
polychlorinated biphenyls
B.
Persistent organic pollutants
C.
Volatile organic compounds
D.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
E.
None of the above
Question #5
DDT has been found to
A.
cause frequent cases of acute toxicity among exterminators
B.
persist in the environment
C.
cause a significant number of accidental deaths
D.
both accumulate in the tissuesof many animals and persist in the environment
E.
accumulate in the tissues of many animals
Question #6
Pesticides are
A.
always the best weapon against insect pests
B.
all synthetic chemicals
C.
always highly toxic to humans.
D.
None of the above
E.
all of the above
Question #7
Agent Orange is an example of a
A.
insecticide
B.
fumigant
C.
fungicide
D.
herbicide
E.
None of the above
Question #8
Hazardous chemicals, omnipresent in the environment, are vital to society yet simultaneously raise the specter of potential harm to all living things on Earth
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #9
Synthetic chemicals, used on our farms, not only help feed us cheaply and well, they help feed much of the rest of the world as well
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #10
Which of the following is an unclassified pesticidi used as a soil fumigant?
A.
Parathion
B.
Diazinon
C.
Malathion
D.
Chloropicrin
Question #11
What type of pesticides are persistent in the environment and bioaccumulate in the food chain?
A.
Organophosphates
B.
Organochlorines
C.
Methyl Isocyanates
D.
Carbamates
Question #12
Body burdens of chemicals such as dioxins, methyl mercury, PCBs and a range of the usual suspects are the increasingly represented norm rather than the exception in the US population
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #13
Which of the following is a measure of the absorbed dose of radiation?
A.
The rem or sievert
B.
The curie or becquerel
C.
The rad or gray
D.
The roentgen or cuolomb per kilogram
E.
None of the above
Question #14
The term mrad stands for
A.
1/1000 of a rad
B.
1000 rad
C.
1,000,000 rad
D.
1/100 rad
E.
1/1,000,000 of a rad
Question #15
Which of the following products sometimes contain radioactive substances?
A.
Dentures
B.
toothpaste
C.
Dentures, tobacco products, and smoke detectors
D.
tobacco products
E.
smoke detectors
Question #16
Which of the following is a measure used to describe the amount of radioactivity in a sample of material?
A.
The roentgen or cuolomb per kilogram
B.
The rem or sievert
C.
The curie or becquerel
D.
The rad or gray
E.
None of the above
Question #17
Each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei and is radioactive is called
A.
radioisotope
B.
radionuclide
C.
isotope
D.
nuclide
E.
None of the above
Question #18
Which of the following forms radiaion can penetrate up to a 2-cm layer of skin tissue?
A.
X-rays
B.
Beta particles
C.
Gamma rays
D.
Alpha particles
E.
None of the above
Question #19
Which of the following is an SI unit of ionizing radiation measurement
A.
Curie
B.
Rad
C.
Roentgen
D.
Becquerel
E.
Rem
Question #20
If you went on a flight across country, at whicih altitude would you be exposed to the most ionizing radiation. AC. 1. 28,000 feet. 2. 32,000 feet. 3. 36,000 feet
A.
25,000 feet
B.
40,000 feet
C.
35,000 feet
D.
30,000 feet
Question #21
The unit of energy associated with emissions from radioactive materials (radionuclide) is the electron volt (eV)
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #22
Sources of nonionizing radiation include:
A.
infrared radiation
B.
radiation from power lines
C.
radio waves
D.
visible light radiation
E.
All of the above
Question #23
A radiation exposure device that is used commonly in the occupational environment is a firm badge
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #24
Which of the following statements is not accurate in view of research on the association between exposure to EMF and cancer?
A.
The long term effects are open to debate
B.
The findings of some studies are questionable because of small sample sizes
C.
In a Norweigian study, no firm conclusions can be drawn
D.
The long term effects are clear and definitive
E.
None of the above
Question #25
Very small particles can be removed from drinking water by :
A.
use of activated charcoal
B.
boiling
C.
both sand filtering and use of activated charcoal
D.
sand filtering
E.
All of the above
Question #26
In the United States, disinfection of drinking water with chlorine or other method is done to remove
A.
pathogenic microorganisms
B.
bad smells
C.
sand and gravel
D.
particles suspended in water
E.
None of the above
Question #27
Finished water is defined as
A.
the natural cycle by which water evaporates from water bodies
B.
an annual supply of renewable freshwater less than 1,000 cubic meters per person
C.
The water that is delivered to the distribution systems after treatment
D.
an annual supply of renewable freshwater between 1,000 and 1,700 cubic meters per person
E.
a layer or section of earth that contains freshwater
Question #28
Which of the following groups are particularly at risk for waterborne pathogens
A.
Elderly persons
B.
Patients who have HIV/AIDS
C.
Persons taking steriods
D.
Young children
E.
All of the above
Question #29
Water scarcity is defined as
A.
an annual supply of renewable freshwater less than 1,000 cubic meters per person
B.
a layer or section of earth that contains freshwater
C.
the water that is delivered to the distribution system after treatment
D.
the natural cycle by which water evaporates from water bodies
E.
an annual supply of renewable freshwater between 1,000 and 1,700 cubic meters per person
Question #30
An aquifer is defined as
A.
the water that is delivered to the distribution system after treatment
B.
an annual supply of renewable freshwater less than 1,000 cubic meters per person
C.
a layer or section of earth that contains freshwater
D.
an annual supply of renewable freshwater between 1,000 and 1,700 cubic meters per person
E.
the natural cycle by which water evaporates from water bodies
Question #31
Water stress is defined as
A.
the water that is delivered to the distribution system after treatment
B.
the natural cycle by which water evaporates from water bodies
C.
an annual supply of renewable freshwater between 1,000 and 1,700 cubic meters per person
D.
an annual supply of renewable freshwater less than 1,000 cubic meters per person
E.
a layer or section of earth that contains freshwater
Question #32
The two main sources of drinking water are surface water and groundwater
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #33
In the United States, the average person uses about 400 gallons of water per day
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #34
About 90% of the world lacks safe drinking water
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #35
Production of one barrel of beer requires 1,500 gallons of water
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #36
What infectious agent produces cysts that transmit the condition via contaminated food and water and have the ability to survive for long periods in cold water
A.
Vibrio cholera
B.
Giardia lamblia
C.
Escherichia coli
D.
Salmonella typhi
Question #37
As of 2010, according to the National Ambient Air Quality Standards, the standard for carbon monoxide levels during an 8-hour period is
A.
0.053 ppm
B.
0.15 ppm
C.
9 ppm
D.
35 ppm
E.
None of the above
Question #38
Which of the following statements regarding diesel exhaust is false?
A.
All researchers agree that it poses a risk to human health
B.
Older vehicles do not have the advantage of advanced emissions controls
C.
Public health experts have named it a probable carcinogen
D.
Widespread exposure to diesel exhaust occurs in the community
E.
None of the above
Question #39
Which of the following is a major contributor to acid rain?
A.
SO2
B.
VOCs
C.
PM
D.
CO
E.
None of the above
Question #40
Which of the following is one of the human health effects of sulfur dioxide
A.
Carboxyhemoglobin formation
B.
Lung cancer
C.
Bronchoonstriction
D.
Brain/central nervous system damage
E.
None of the above
Question #41
The worldwide death toll from air pollution in 2012 has been estimated to range up to approximately
A.
7,000,000
B.
1,700,000
C.
700,000
D.
1,000,000
E.
None of the above
Question #42
In order to decrease human-made carbon monoxide pollution, we would need to
A.
require industries to use electrostatic percipitators
B.
reduce emissions from mobile sources of air pollution
C.
eliminate the use of incinerators
D.
require power companies to use oil instead of coal
E.
None of the above
Question #43
Which of the following describes a temperature inversion
A.
An atmospheric condition during which a warm layer of air stalls above a cool layer
B.
A mixture of pollutants, principally ground level ozone
C.
A condition associated with smog that causes eye irritation, irritaiton of the respiratory tract, and chest pains
D.
The precipitation
E.
of acidic compounds formed when components of air pollution interact with other components in the air
F.
Dust, soot and other finely divided solid and liquid particles
Question #44
The creation of aerosol particles denotes
A.
an atmospheric condition during which a warm layer of air stalls above a cool layer
B.
The precipitation of acidic compounds formed when components of air pollution interact with other components in the air
C.
a condition associated with smog that causes eye irritation, irritation of the respiratory tract, and chest pains,
D.
a mixture of pollutants, principally ground level ozone
E.
dust, soot, and other finely divided solid and liquid particles
Question #45
Which of the following describes smog complex?
A.
a condition associated with smog that causes eye irritation, irritation of the respiratory tract, and chest pains,
B.
dust, soot, and other finely divided solid and liquid particles
C.
The precipitation of acidic compounds formed when components of air pollution interact with other components in the air
D.
a mixture of pollutants, principally ground level ozone
E.
an atmospheric condition during which a warm layer of air stalls above a cool layer
Question #46
Which of the following statements about the Kyoto Protocol is true?
A.
The United States did not ratify the Protocol
B.
It is a legally binding compact initiated I 1997
C.
Developed countries are required to reduce emissions by target amounts
D.
As of February 2005, 141 countries had ratified the protocol
E.
All of the above
Question #47
Carbon monoxide has more than 200 times more affinity that oxygen for binding with hemoglobin in the blood
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #48
In high-income countries, more than half of the residents live in cities that do not meet WHO air quality standards
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #49
Which of the following is the most favored method for waste management
A.
waste combustion
B.
offsite composting
C.
Landfilling
D.
Source reduction
E.
recycling
Question #50
What percentage of the total municipal solid waste stream is contributed by paper?
A.
Approximately 75%
B.
Approximately 10%
C.
Approximately 3%
D.
Approximately 50%
E.
Approximatey 25%
Question #51
Source reduction involves which of the following activities
A.
Offsite composting
B.
Production of new bottles from used bottles
C.
Less wasteful package designs
D.
Reprocessing of aluminium cans
E.
All of the above
Question #52
The growing solid waste problem is characterized by which of the following
A.
Increasing the costs of tipping fees
B.
Filling up and closing landfills in some areas of the United States
C.
Increasing amounts of municipal solid waste
D.
More garbage produced by developing countries
E.
All of the above
Question #53
Which of the following is inappropriate for composting?
A.
Coffee grounds
B.
Wool and cotton rags
C.
Yard clippings
D.
Fats, oils, grease
E.
Fruit and vegetable scraps
Question #54
Which of the following statement about incineration is false?
A.
High temperature deactivate pathogens
B.
Combustion removes all carcinogens and heavy metals
C.
Air pollution can be reduced by the use of scrubbers
D.
Usually no attempt is made to sort the thrash
E.
None of the above
Question #55
The advantages of recycling include?
A.
reducing greenhouse gas emissions
B.
preventing water pollution
C.
perserving raw materials
D.
decreasing burden on landfills
E.
all of the above
Question #56
The materials that are most amenable to recycling include automobile batteries, paper, and landscaping materials
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #57
Since 1991, who has assumed the primary role of regulating medical wastes by applying guidance acquired from the Medical Waste Tracking Act?
A.
Hospital and medical facilities
B.
State regulators
C.
Local municipalities
D.
Environmental Protection Agency
Question #58
Which of the following is the most frequently employed method for disposal of hazardous wastes?
A.
Incineration
B.
Composting
C.
Land disposal units
D.
Recycling
Question #59
According to the EPA, which of the following has the potential for greatly reducing the amount of materials that must be disposed of in landfills, as about one-quarter of household wastes consists of clippings from gardens and food waste?
A.
Landfills
B.
Incineration
C.
Composting
D.
Recycling
Question #60
Although they maybe placed in landfills, wastes from construction sites, sludge from wastewater treatment, and industrial wastes that are non hazardous are all considered to be municipal solid wastes
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #61
In 2015, which of the following condition accounted for approximately 15% of occupational illnesses (excluding injuries) in the United States
A.
Deafness
B.
Dermatitis
C.
Pneumoconiosis
D.
Poisoning
E.
Blood poisoning
Question #62
Allergies caused by industrial chemicals often exhibit which of the following symptoms
A.
Fibrosis of the lungs
B.
Brain lesions
C.
Death
D.
Dermatitis
E.
None of the above
Question #63
Sources of job stress include:
A.
work overload
B.
Job dissatisfaction
C.
Job insecurity
D.
inadequate compensation
E.
All of the above
Question #64
Organizing workshifts and rotating employees to minimize exposure to hazards is an example of which of the following?
A.
Engineering controls
B.
Modifications of the work environment
C.
Administrative controls
D.
Ergonomic safeguards
E.
None of the above
Question #65
An occupational disease cuased by the inhalation of certain dust particles is called
A.
pneumoconiosis
B.
dermatosis
C.
caisson disease
D.
atherosclersis
E.
None of the above
Question #66
The last line of defense against occupational hazards should be
A.
engineering controls
B.
administrative controls
C.
use of personal protective equipment
D.
modification of work practices
E.
None of the above
Question #67
Many of the workers who were children that labored in vapor-filled poorly ventilated rooms, developed which of the following conditions?
A.
Baker' itch
B.
Mad hatter's disease
C.
Phossy jaw
D.
Caisson disease
E.
None of the above
Question #68
Which of the following was an afflictin that occurred among workers who manufactured matches around the late 1900s
A.
mad-hatter's disease
B.
Caisson disease
C.
Phossy jaw
D.
Filecutter's paralysis
Question #69
Human beings can perceive difference between sound intensifies from the lowest levels to the highest levels , which vary by a factor of more than 1 trillion
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #70
Many of the work related respiratory diseases are acute conditions that have short latency periods
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #71
Asthma has become the most frequently diagnosed occupatioal respiratory disease in occupational medicine clinics
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #72
Which of the following represents the NIOSH recommended exposure limit (REL) for noise exposure in the workplace during an 8 hour shift?
A.
85 dBA
B.
75 dBA
C.
65 dBA
D.
55 dBA
Question #73
A temperature inversion causes which of the following?
A.
Greater concentration of pollutants close to the Earth's surface
B.
Production of more dangerous pollutants
C.
Reduced concentration of pollutants close to the earth's surface
D.
Greater production of pollutants
E.
All ov the above
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