Which of the following is one of the agents responsible for many publicized outbreaks of gastrointestinal illness on cruise ships?

An internal overdose refers to the

Which of the following is not an example of an incidental additive?

According to Healthy People 2020, which of the following is not an environmental objective for outdoor air quality?

Chemical hazards that may be present in food include:

The existence of a dose-response relationship maybe used to establish which of the following kinds of information

A justification for the hazard analysis of critical control points is that:

The environment plays a role in human health through associations with which of the following?

The poisonous substance in Amanita phalloides ("death cap" mushroom) is an example of a(n)

What does the abbreviation GRAS stand for?

Which of the following is an interpretation of the Delaney Clause

When used as a food additive, nitrates, and nitrites

Food additives are used to achieve all of the following except:

In comparison with the general population, workers may receive exposure to toxic chemicals that are:

Reasons for the potential spread of avian influenza include which of the following?

The advantages of genetically modified foods do not include:

Which of the following abbreviations is used to describe toxic effects of chemicals?

Compared with adults, children represent a group that is especially vulnerable to environmental hazards for the following reasons, except:

With respect to the policy cycle, what problem(s) maybe encountered in the agenda setting stage?

With respect to the policy cycle, what problem(s) maybe encountered in the assessment/evaluation stage?

With respect to the policy cycle, what problem(s) maybe encountered in the problem definition stage?

What problem(s) maybe encountered in the policy implementation stage?

What problem(s) maybe encountered in the policy establishment stage?

How can the built environment encourage healthy lifestyles?

Which of the following describes the precautionary principles?

Which of the following describes the principle of environmental sustainability?

Which of the following describes the polluter-pays principle?

Which of the following statements about zoonotic diseases is most likely to be true?

Methods for transmissin of zoonotic pathogens include?

Examples of disease vectors are:

Which of the following is an example of a vector-borne disease?

The most deadly form of malaria is caused by

Resurgence of malaria has been attributed to :

The causative agent for malaria is a type of

The causative agent for leishmaniasis is a type of

Minimata disease was associated with ingestion of seafood tainted with which of the following

Itai-itai disease was a form of poisoning associated with ingestion of which of the following?

Which of the following metal is not classified as a major toxic metal with multiple effects?

Possible methods for exposure to metals include which of the following?

Which of the following statements about heavy metal is true?

Bioaccumulation (biomagnification) of heavy metal is a particular hazard associated with which of the following?

The symptoms of long-term exposure to lower levels of toxic metals include which of the following

For fetuses, infants, and children, the hazards of heavy meatls include:

On Airs, Waters, and Places was significant because it:

Lemuel Shattuck's proposals set forth in the Report of the Sanitary Conditions of Massachusetts

Affluent Romans may have suffered from chronic lead poisoning from lead pipes used to carry the water supply

Cholera outbreaks occurred in New York City during the mid 1800s

In The Jungle (1904) Upton Sinclair described the deplorable conditions in the meat processing industry

Rachel Carson published Silent Spring to highlight the dangers of pesticide

A contemporary environmental issue is the release of greenhouse gases and their possible contribution to global warming

Van Leeuwenhoek identified the yellow fever virus during the early 1900s

The fatal 1930 incident in Muese Valley, Belgium was associated with leakage of toxic chemicals from a former dump site

The legal profession has virtually no relevance to the environmental health field

Which of the following is an example of in vitro testing for toxicology

All of the following statements about thalidomide are true, except:

Which term indicates that the combined effect of exposures to two or more chemicals that is greater that the sum of heir individual effects?

When several agents that have no known toxic effects interact to produce a toxic effect, it is characteristic of what type of interaction?

Which of the following refers to toxic substances that are man-made or resultfrom human (anthropogenic) activity?

Normally, which of the following refers to a beneficial effect of a substance, such as relief of pain or may stand for a harmful effect, such as paralysis?

Which of the following is the measurement of the relationship between the amount of exposure and the occurrence of the unwanted health effects?

The quality of data from what type of assessment determines the accuracy of risk assessments and therefore is a limiting factor in the risk assessment process?

In the "real world" of environment exposures, most exposures are due to muliple chemicals rather than to a single chemical.

When highly controlled and standardized conditions are desired, human subjects are used in toxicologic testing.

In the United States, what agency is responsible for protecting human health and safeguarding the natural environment, including air, land and water?

What piece of legislation gave the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) the power to seek out those parties responsible for any release and assure their cooperation in the cleanup?

The term cap and trade is used to describe a method for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from facilities such as electric generating plants.

When the nature of the risks associated with an environmental hazard or toxin is uncertain, planners are left in quandary about what aspects of the exposure require policy interventions.

Despite medical advances, infectious diseases are taking an increasing toll in the developed world.

Which toxic heavy metal is associated with melanosis, a dermatologic condition that can cause the darkening of the skin of the entire body?

Itai-itai disease, which began occurring in the Jinzu River basin in japan as early as 1912, is one of the conditions attributed to which toxic metal?

What metal is believed to play a role in reducing the occurrence of common infection and is theorized to be necessary for children's growth and for maintaining the health of pregnant women?

Contact with high concentrations of toxic metals is most likely to occur in an occupational setting.

Less developed countries increasingly are being selected as the dumping grounds for electronic waste, which is scavenged by unwitting individuals who are not aware of the hazardous naure of this waste.

The term abortive human rabies refers to a case that:

In what sense is influenza a zoonotic diseaase?

Methods for the conrol of mosquito-borne diseases Include:

Which of the following is true about rabies?

During the sporegenic cycle, the malaria parasite is transferred to the human host when the mosquito takes a blood meal.

Amastigotes are an extracellular form of the organism that has flagella, whereas promastigotes are nonflagellated intracellular forms.

Which of he following indicates he ocurrence of a similar illness among the two or more people that an investigation linked o consumption of a common meal or food items?

Just one case of what foodborne illness is considered an outbreak?

What organism can thrive in an environment that has a heavy concentration of salt or sugar, an environment in which most other bacteria are unable to tolerate?

Foodborne intoxications are included by infectious agents, such as some bacteria,that cause foodborne illness directly.

The development of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella has been tied to the administration of antibiotics to animals consumed for food.

In a case-control sudy, cases are those wo have the outcome of interest and the conrols are those who do not.

According to Hill's Criteria of Causality,what criterion suggests that the cause and effect interpretation of our data should not seriously conflict with the generally known facts of the natural history and biology of disease?

The use of what measure as a study endpoint has several advantages, including the fact that it may be relevant to agents that have a subtle effect over a long time period?

What term is normally used to describe the aggregation of relatively uncommon events or diseases?

Which of the following is a study in which the units of analysis are populations or groups of people rather than individuals?

What type of study design classifies subjecs according to their exposure to a factor of interest and then observes them over time to document the accurence of new cases or other health events?

An ecologic study is one that examines a group as the unit of analysis.

Used in cohort sudies, the relative risk is a measure of the strength os association between a possible risk factor and a disease.

The Texas Sharpshooter Effect illustrates:

Which of the following activities characterizes the epidemiologic approach (as opposed to the clinical approach)?

A national survey of asthma conducted on May 1, 2012, obtained the following results for the state of Oklahoma: X = The number of residents with asthma. Y=The population of the state on June 30, 2012. and all members of the population were considered at risk. Z=The number of new cases of asthma diagnosed during 2012. The incidence rate of asthma during 2012 (per 100,000) would be expressed as:

The risk of acquiring a given disease during a time period is best determined by which of the following?

Which of the following historical figures was among the first to expound on the role of environmental factors in causing diseases?

Prevalence measures aid in:

Which of the following is the most deadly type of malaria that may produce kidney failure, seizures, mental confusion, coma, and ultimately death?

The exposé written by what man was instrumental in the passage of the first Food and Drug Act that was instituted in the United States in 1906?