A.   coordinating committees

B.   527 organizations.

C.   Political Action Committees (PACs)

D.   iron triangles

A.   become less important

B.   become increasingly important in congressional elections

C.   decreased for incumbents but increased for challengers and open seats.

D.   become less important in federal elections and more important in state elections

A.   corporation.

B.   iron triangle.

C.   faction

D.   interest group

A.   communication as a representative of a group with government officials to persuade them to support a particular policy

B.   convincing potential members to join an interest group by offering them material benefits.

C.   conducting surveys to gauge public opinion on a policy issue

D.   fundraising for political candidates and educating the public about the activities of government

A.   collective goods.

B.   pluralist

C.   group coordination

D.   free-rider

A.   trade association.

B.   public interest group

C.   union shop

D.   labor union

A.   an organizations that focuses on grassroots lobbying

B.   an organization within a political party that coordinates campaign events.

C.   an organization that conducts voter registration drives

D.   an organization that solicits campaign contributions from like-minded individuals and distributes them to political candidates

A.   a labor union.

B.   a group representing alpaca ranchers

C.   a consumer rights group

D.   a trade association

A.   by discouraging citizens from expressing their political views in public

B.   by banning the formation of interest groups

C.   by expanding their sphere of participation

D.   by adopting a system of direct democracy.

A.   by offering them money to vote a particular way.

B.   by organizing protests and demonstrations on Capitol Hill

C.   by filing <i>amicus curiae</i> briefs

D.   by providing specialized expertise

A.   through letter-writing campaigns addressed to particular judges

B.   by bringing lawsuits to the courts on behalf of classes of citizens

C.   by meeting with judges to express their views on cases.

D.   by publishing editorials in major newspapers stating their views on cases

A.   illegal kickbacks.

B.   public recognition for their contributions to society

C.   access to the officeholder

D.   publicity for their favorite charities and nonprofit organizations.

A.   speaking on behalf of elected officials at press conferences.

B.   providing elected officials with innovative ideas for addressing a policy problem

C.   answering e-mails from elected officials' constituents

D.   providing legal counsel to interest groups in court cases

A.   Developments in technology made interest group activities easier.

B.   A decrease in the scope of government brought out interest groups seeking to protect their interests.

C.   Legal restrictions on lobbying activities were lifted as part of the New Deal.

D.   The increasing power of political parties led to more interest group formation.

A.   Legislators only grant meetings with interest groups that offer campaign contributions.

B.   Organizations seeking to offer input on a political party's platform are required to make campaign contributions.

C.   Groups can offer contributions in return for favorable votes on pending legislation.

D.   Members of Congress are better listeners when hearing from interests that financially supported their campaign.

A.   It required all lobbyists to join the Labor Union of American Lobbyists and Government Relations Experts.

B.   It limited the number of hours each lobbyist could work during a single session of Congress.

C.   It set limits on how many lobbyists could be employed by a PAC.

D.   It required lobbyists to file a report detailing the sources of their lobbying income.

A.   Corporate PACs give most of their contributions to Democrats.

B.   In each race, corporate PACs direct their donations to support whichever candidate most closely shares their ideological values.

C.   Corporate PACs give most of their money to those running for open seats.

D.   A majority of corporate PAC contributions to House candidates go to the candidates of the majority party.

A.   to protect consumers from unsafe products

B.   to provide jobs for the unemployed

C.   to promote better working conditions and higher wages

D.   to protect the interests of businesses within an industry.

A.   challengers

B.   members of the minority party in Congress.

C.   incumbents

D.   presidential candidates

A.   factions

B.   monarchies

C.   representative government

D.   aristocracies