A.   iron triangles

B.   527 organizations.

C.   Political Action Committees (PACs)

D.   coordinating committees

A.   become increasingly important in congressional elections

B.   become less important in federal elections and more important in state elections

C.   decreased for incumbents but increased for challengers and open seats.

D.   become less important

A.   faction

B.   interest group

C.   iron triangle.

D.   corporation.

A.   fundraising for political candidates and educating the public about the activities of government

B.   convincing potential members to join an interest group by offering them material benefits.

C.   communication as a representative of a group with government officials to persuade them to support a particular policy

D.   conducting surveys to gauge public opinion on a policy issue

A.   pluralist

B.   free-rider

C.   collective goods.

D.   group coordination

A.   union shop

B.   labor union

C.   public interest group

D.   trade association.

A.   an organizations that focuses on grassroots lobbying

B.   an organization that conducts voter registration drives

C.   an organization within a political party that coordinates campaign events.

D.   an organization that solicits campaign contributions from like-minded individuals and distributes them to political candidates

A.   a group representing alpaca ranchers

B.   a labor union.

C.   a trade association

D.   a consumer rights group

A.   by adopting a system of direct democracy.

B.   by banning the formation of interest groups

C.   by discouraging citizens from expressing their political views in public

D.   by expanding their sphere of participation

A.   by providing specialized expertise

B.   by organizing protests and demonstrations on Capitol Hill

C.   by offering them money to vote a particular way.

D.   by filing <i>amicus curiae</i> briefs

A.   by publishing editorials in major newspapers stating their views on cases

B.   by bringing lawsuits to the courts on behalf of classes of citizens

C.   through letter-writing campaigns addressed to particular judges

D.   by meeting with judges to express their views on cases.

A.   publicity for their favorite charities and nonprofit organizations.

B.   public recognition for their contributions to society

C.   illegal kickbacks.

D.   access to the officeholder

A.   providing elected officials with innovative ideas for addressing a policy problem

B.   providing legal counsel to interest groups in court cases

C.   answering e-mails from elected officials' constituents

D.   speaking on behalf of elected officials at press conferences.

A.   A decrease in the scope of government brought out interest groups seeking to protect their interests.

B.   The increasing power of political parties led to more interest group formation.

C.   Legal restrictions on lobbying activities were lifted as part of the New Deal.

D.   Developments in technology made interest group activities easier.

A.   Organizations seeking to offer input on a political party's platform are required to make campaign contributions.

B.   Groups can offer contributions in return for favorable votes on pending legislation.

C.   Legislators only grant meetings with interest groups that offer campaign contributions.

D.   Members of Congress are better listeners when hearing from interests that financially supported their campaign.

A.   It limited the number of hours each lobbyist could work during a single session of Congress.

B.   It required lobbyists to file a report detailing the sources of their lobbying income.

C.   It required all lobbyists to join the Labor Union of American Lobbyists and Government Relations Experts.

D.   It set limits on how many lobbyists could be employed by a PAC.

A.   A majority of corporate PAC contributions to House candidates go to the candidates of the majority party.

B.   In each race, corporate PACs direct their donations to support whichever candidate most closely shares their ideological values.

C.   Corporate PACs give most of their contributions to Democrats.

D.   Corporate PACs give most of their money to those running for open seats.

A.   to provide jobs for the unemployed

B.   to protect the interests of businesses within an industry.

C.   to promote better working conditions and higher wages

D.   to protect consumers from unsafe products

A.   challengers

B.   incumbents

C.   members of the minority party in Congress.

D.   presidential candidates

A.   aristocracies

B.   representative government

C.   monarchies

D.   factions