A.   527 organizations.

B.   iron triangles

C.   Political Action Committees (PACs)

D.   coordinating committees

A.   become less important in federal elections and more important in state elections

B.   become increasingly important in congressional elections

C.   become less important

D.   decreased for incumbents but increased for challengers and open seats.

A.   interest group

B.   iron triangle.

C.   corporation.

D.   faction

A.   fundraising for political candidates and educating the public about the activities of government

B.   conducting surveys to gauge public opinion on a policy issue

C.   communication as a representative of a group with government officials to persuade them to support a particular policy

D.   convincing potential members to join an interest group by offering them material benefits.

A.   group coordination

B.   collective goods.

C.   free-rider

D.   pluralist

A.   union shop

B.   trade association.

C.   public interest group

D.   labor union

A.   an organization within a political party that coordinates campaign events.

B.   an organization that solicits campaign contributions from like-minded individuals and distributes them to political candidates

C.   an organization that conducts voter registration drives

D.   an organizations that focuses on grassroots lobbying

A.   a group representing alpaca ranchers

B.   a trade association

C.   a labor union.

D.   a consumer rights group

A.   by banning the formation of interest groups

B.   by discouraging citizens from expressing their political views in public

C.   by expanding their sphere of participation

D.   by adopting a system of direct democracy.

A.   by providing specialized expertise

B.   by filing <i>amicus curiae</i> briefs

C.   by offering them money to vote a particular way.

D.   by organizing protests and demonstrations on Capitol Hill

A.   through letter-writing campaigns addressed to particular judges

B.   by bringing lawsuits to the courts on behalf of classes of citizens

C.   by publishing editorials in major newspapers stating their views on cases

D.   by meeting with judges to express their views on cases.

A.   publicity for their favorite charities and nonprofit organizations.

B.   illegal kickbacks.

C.   access to the officeholder

D.   public recognition for their contributions to society

A.   providing legal counsel to interest groups in court cases

B.   speaking on behalf of elected officials at press conferences.

C.   providing elected officials with innovative ideas for addressing a policy problem

D.   answering e-mails from elected officials' constituents

A.   A decrease in the scope of government brought out interest groups seeking to protect their interests.

B.   Developments in technology made interest group activities easier.

C.   Legal restrictions on lobbying activities were lifted as part of the New Deal.

D.   The increasing power of political parties led to more interest group formation.

A.   Legislators only grant meetings with interest groups that offer campaign contributions.

B.   Members of Congress are better listeners when hearing from interests that financially supported their campaign.

C.   Organizations seeking to offer input on a political party's platform are required to make campaign contributions.

D.   Groups can offer contributions in return for favorable votes on pending legislation.

A.   It required lobbyists to file a report detailing the sources of their lobbying income.

B.   It set limits on how many lobbyists could be employed by a PAC.

C.   It limited the number of hours each lobbyist could work during a single session of Congress.

D.   It required all lobbyists to join the Labor Union of American Lobbyists and Government Relations Experts.

A.   Corporate PACs give most of their money to those running for open seats.

B.   Corporate PACs give most of their contributions to Democrats.

C.   In each race, corporate PACs direct their donations to support whichever candidate most closely shares their ideological values.

D.   A majority of corporate PAC contributions to House candidates go to the candidates of the majority party.

A.   to protect the interests of businesses within an industry.

B.   to promote better working conditions and higher wages

C.   to provide jobs for the unemployed

D.   to protect consumers from unsafe products

A.   challengers

B.   incumbents

C.   presidential candidates

D.   members of the minority party in Congress.

A.   aristocracies

B.   factions

C.   monarchies

D.   representative government