A.   coordinating committees

B.   iron triangles

C.   Political Action Committees (PACs)

D.   527 organizations.

A.   become less important in federal elections and more important in state elections

B.   decreased for incumbents but increased for challengers and open seats.

C.   become less important

D.   become increasingly important in congressional elections

A.   faction

B.   iron triangle.

C.   corporation.

D.   interest group

A.   fundraising for political candidates and educating the public about the activities of government

B.   conducting surveys to gauge public opinion on a policy issue

C.   convincing potential members to join an interest group by offering them material benefits.

D.   communication as a representative of a group with government officials to persuade them to support a particular policy

A.   group coordination

B.   free-rider

C.   collective goods.

D.   pluralist

A.   public interest group

B.   trade association.

C.   union shop

D.   labor union

A.   an organizations that focuses on grassroots lobbying

B.   an organization that conducts voter registration drives

C.   an organization within a political party that coordinates campaign events.

D.   an organization that solicits campaign contributions from like-minded individuals and distributes them to political candidates

A.   a group representing alpaca ranchers

B.   a trade association

C.   a labor union.

D.   a consumer rights group

A.   by discouraging citizens from expressing their political views in public

B.   by banning the formation of interest groups

C.   by expanding their sphere of participation

D.   by adopting a system of direct democracy.

A.   by providing specialized expertise

B.   by organizing protests and demonstrations on Capitol Hill

C.   by filing <i>amicus curiae</i> briefs

D.   by offering them money to vote a particular way.

A.   by bringing lawsuits to the courts on behalf of classes of citizens

B.   through letter-writing campaigns addressed to particular judges

C.   by publishing editorials in major newspapers stating their views on cases

D.   by meeting with judges to express their views on cases.

A.   public recognition for their contributions to society

B.   access to the officeholder

C.   illegal kickbacks.

D.   publicity for their favorite charities and nonprofit organizations.

A.   providing elected officials with innovative ideas for addressing a policy problem

B.   providing legal counsel to interest groups in court cases

C.   speaking on behalf of elected officials at press conferences.

D.   answering e-mails from elected officials' constituents

A.   The increasing power of political parties led to more interest group formation.

B.   Developments in technology made interest group activities easier.

C.   A decrease in the scope of government brought out interest groups seeking to protect their interests.

D.   Legal restrictions on lobbying activities were lifted as part of the New Deal.

A.   Groups can offer contributions in return for favorable votes on pending legislation.

B.   Members of Congress are better listeners when hearing from interests that financially supported their campaign.

C.   Legislators only grant meetings with interest groups that offer campaign contributions.

D.   Organizations seeking to offer input on a political party's platform are required to make campaign contributions.

A.   It required lobbyists to file a report detailing the sources of their lobbying income.

B.   It set limits on how many lobbyists could be employed by a PAC.

C.   It required all lobbyists to join the Labor Union of American Lobbyists and Government Relations Experts.

D.   It limited the number of hours each lobbyist could work during a single session of Congress.

A.   Corporate PACs give most of their money to those running for open seats.

B.   A majority of corporate PAC contributions to House candidates go to the candidates of the majority party.

C.   Corporate PACs give most of their contributions to Democrats.

D.   In each race, corporate PACs direct their donations to support whichever candidate most closely shares their ideological values.

A.   to protect the interests of businesses within an industry.

B.   to promote better working conditions and higher wages

C.   to protect consumers from unsafe products

D.   to provide jobs for the unemployed

A.   presidential candidates

B.   challengers

C.   incumbents

D.   members of the minority party in Congress.

A.   representative government

B.   factions

C.   aristocracies

D.   monarchies