A.   coordinating committees

B.   Political Action Committees (PACs)

C.   iron triangles

D.   527 organizations.

A.   become increasingly important in congressional elections

B.   become less important

C.   decreased for incumbents but increased for challengers and open seats.

D.   become less important in federal elections and more important in state elections

A.   iron triangle.

B.   faction

C.   interest group

D.   corporation.

A.   conducting surveys to gauge public opinion on a policy issue

B.   fundraising for political candidates and educating the public about the activities of government

C.   communication as a representative of a group with government officials to persuade them to support a particular policy

D.   convincing potential members to join an interest group by offering them material benefits.

A.   pluralist

B.   group coordination

C.   free-rider

D.   collective goods.

A.   trade association.

B.   public interest group

C.   labor union

D.   union shop

A.   an organization that conducts voter registration drives

B.   an organizations that focuses on grassroots lobbying

C.   an organization that solicits campaign contributions from like-minded individuals and distributes them to political candidates

D.   an organization within a political party that coordinates campaign events.

A.   a trade association

B.   a group representing alpaca ranchers

C.   a consumer rights group

D.   a labor union.

A.   by expanding their sphere of participation

B.   by adopting a system of direct democracy.

C.   by banning the formation of interest groups

D.   by discouraging citizens from expressing their political views in public

A.   by providing specialized expertise

B.   by filing <i>amicus curiae</i> briefs

C.   by offering them money to vote a particular way.

D.   by organizing protests and demonstrations on Capitol Hill

A.   by publishing editorials in major newspapers stating their views on cases

B.   through letter-writing campaigns addressed to particular judges

C.   by meeting with judges to express their views on cases.

D.   by bringing lawsuits to the courts on behalf of classes of citizens

A.   illegal kickbacks.

B.   access to the officeholder

C.   publicity for their favorite charities and nonprofit organizations.

D.   public recognition for their contributions to society

A.   providing elected officials with innovative ideas for addressing a policy problem

B.   speaking on behalf of elected officials at press conferences.

C.   providing legal counsel to interest groups in court cases

D.   answering e-mails from elected officials' constituents

A.   Legal restrictions on lobbying activities were lifted as part of the New Deal.

B.   The increasing power of political parties led to more interest group formation.

C.   A decrease in the scope of government brought out interest groups seeking to protect their interests.

D.   Developments in technology made interest group activities easier.

A.   Groups can offer contributions in return for favorable votes on pending legislation.

B.   Legislators only grant meetings with interest groups that offer campaign contributions.

C.   Members of Congress are better listeners when hearing from interests that financially supported their campaign.

D.   Organizations seeking to offer input on a political party's platform are required to make campaign contributions.

A.   It required all lobbyists to join the Labor Union of American Lobbyists and Government Relations Experts.

B.   It limited the number of hours each lobbyist could work during a single session of Congress.

C.   It set limits on how many lobbyists could be employed by a PAC.

D.   It required lobbyists to file a report detailing the sources of their lobbying income.

A.   A majority of corporate PAC contributions to House candidates go to the candidates of the majority party.

B.   In each race, corporate PACs direct their donations to support whichever candidate most closely shares their ideological values.

C.   Corporate PACs give most of their money to those running for open seats.

D.   Corporate PACs give most of their contributions to Democrats.

A.   to promote better working conditions and higher wages

B.   to protect the interests of businesses within an industry.

C.   to provide jobs for the unemployed

D.   to protect consumers from unsafe products

A.   incumbents

B.   members of the minority party in Congress.

C.   challengers

D.   presidential candidates

A.   factions

B.   representative government

C.   aristocracies

D.   monarchies