A.   iron triangles

B.   coordinating committees

C.   Political Action Committees (PACs)

D.   527 organizations.

A.   become less important in federal elections and more important in state elections

B.   become less important

C.   decreased for incumbents but increased for challengers and open seats.

D.   become increasingly important in congressional elections

A.   interest group

B.   iron triangle.

C.   corporation.

D.   faction

A.   conducting surveys to gauge public opinion on a policy issue

B.   convincing potential members to join an interest group by offering them material benefits.

C.   communication as a representative of a group with government officials to persuade them to support a particular policy

D.   fundraising for political candidates and educating the public about the activities of government

A.   pluralist

B.   group coordination

C.   collective goods.

D.   free-rider

A.   trade association.

B.   public interest group

C.   labor union

D.   union shop

A.   an organizations that focuses on grassroots lobbying

B.   an organization within a political party that coordinates campaign events.

C.   an organization that conducts voter registration drives

D.   an organization that solicits campaign contributions from like-minded individuals and distributes them to political candidates

A.   a trade association

B.   a labor union.

C.   a consumer rights group

D.   a group representing alpaca ranchers

A.   by adopting a system of direct democracy.

B.   by expanding their sphere of participation

C.   by banning the formation of interest groups

D.   by discouraging citizens from expressing their political views in public

A.   by providing specialized expertise

B.   by organizing protests and demonstrations on Capitol Hill

C.   by filing <i>amicus curiae</i> briefs

D.   by offering them money to vote a particular way.

A.   by bringing lawsuits to the courts on behalf of classes of citizens

B.   through letter-writing campaigns addressed to particular judges

C.   by publishing editorials in major newspapers stating their views on cases

D.   by meeting with judges to express their views on cases.

A.   public recognition for their contributions to society

B.   access to the officeholder

C.   illegal kickbacks.

D.   publicity for their favorite charities and nonprofit organizations.

A.   speaking on behalf of elected officials at press conferences.

B.   answering e-mails from elected officials' constituents

C.   providing legal counsel to interest groups in court cases

D.   providing elected officials with innovative ideas for addressing a policy problem

A.   Legal restrictions on lobbying activities were lifted as part of the New Deal.

B.   Developments in technology made interest group activities easier.

C.   A decrease in the scope of government brought out interest groups seeking to protect their interests.

D.   The increasing power of political parties led to more interest group formation.

A.   Organizations seeking to offer input on a political party's platform are required to make campaign contributions.

B.   Groups can offer contributions in return for favorable votes on pending legislation.

C.   Legislators only grant meetings with interest groups that offer campaign contributions.

D.   Members of Congress are better listeners when hearing from interests that financially supported their campaign.

A.   It limited the number of hours each lobbyist could work during a single session of Congress.

B.   It required lobbyists to file a report detailing the sources of their lobbying income.

C.   It set limits on how many lobbyists could be employed by a PAC.

D.   It required all lobbyists to join the Labor Union of American Lobbyists and Government Relations Experts.

A.   In each race, corporate PACs direct their donations to support whichever candidate most closely shares their ideological values.

B.   Corporate PACs give most of their contributions to Democrats.

C.   A majority of corporate PAC contributions to House candidates go to the candidates of the majority party.

D.   Corporate PACs give most of their money to those running for open seats.

A.   to protect the interests of businesses within an industry.

B.   to provide jobs for the unemployed

C.   to promote better working conditions and higher wages

D.   to protect consumers from unsafe products

A.   members of the minority party in Congress.

B.   incumbents

C.   presidential candidates

D.   challengers

A.   factions

B.   representative government

C.   aristocracies

D.   monarchies