A.   iron triangles

B.   coordinating committees

C.   Political Action Committees (PACs)

D.   527 organizations.

A.   become increasingly important in congressional elections

B.   decreased for incumbents but increased for challengers and open seats.

C.   become less important in federal elections and more important in state elections

D.   become less important

A.   interest group

B.   iron triangle.

C.   corporation.

D.   faction

A.   fundraising for political candidates and educating the public about the activities of government

B.   convincing potential members to join an interest group by offering them material benefits.

C.   communication as a representative of a group with government officials to persuade them to support a particular policy

D.   conducting surveys to gauge public opinion on a policy issue

A.   free-rider

B.   collective goods.

C.   pluralist

D.   group coordination

A.   trade association.

B.   public interest group

C.   labor union

D.   union shop

A.   an organization that conducts voter registration drives

B.   an organization that solicits campaign contributions from like-minded individuals and distributes them to political candidates

C.   an organizations that focuses on grassroots lobbying

D.   an organization within a political party that coordinates campaign events.

A.   a consumer rights group

B.   a trade association

C.   a group representing alpaca ranchers

D.   a labor union.

A.   by adopting a system of direct democracy.

B.   by banning the formation of interest groups

C.   by discouraging citizens from expressing their political views in public

D.   by expanding their sphere of participation

A.   by filing <i>amicus curiae</i> briefs

B.   by organizing protests and demonstrations on Capitol Hill

C.   by providing specialized expertise

D.   by offering them money to vote a particular way.

A.   by publishing editorials in major newspapers stating their views on cases

B.   by bringing lawsuits to the courts on behalf of classes of citizens

C.   through letter-writing campaigns addressed to particular judges

D.   by meeting with judges to express their views on cases.

A.   publicity for their favorite charities and nonprofit organizations.

B.   access to the officeholder

C.   illegal kickbacks.

D.   public recognition for their contributions to society

A.   speaking on behalf of elected officials at press conferences.

B.   providing elected officials with innovative ideas for addressing a policy problem

C.   providing legal counsel to interest groups in court cases

D.   answering e-mails from elected officials' constituents

A.   A decrease in the scope of government brought out interest groups seeking to protect their interests.

B.   The increasing power of political parties led to more interest group formation.

C.   Legal restrictions on lobbying activities were lifted as part of the New Deal.

D.   Developments in technology made interest group activities easier.

A.   Organizations seeking to offer input on a political party's platform are required to make campaign contributions.

B.   Members of Congress are better listeners when hearing from interests that financially supported their campaign.

C.   Groups can offer contributions in return for favorable votes on pending legislation.

D.   Legislators only grant meetings with interest groups that offer campaign contributions.

A.   It required all lobbyists to join the Labor Union of American Lobbyists and Government Relations Experts.

B.   It set limits on how many lobbyists could be employed by a PAC.

C.   It limited the number of hours each lobbyist could work during a single session of Congress.

D.   It required lobbyists to file a report detailing the sources of their lobbying income.

A.   Corporate PACs give most of their contributions to Democrats.

B.   A majority of corporate PAC contributions to House candidates go to the candidates of the majority party.

C.   Corporate PACs give most of their money to those running for open seats.

D.   In each race, corporate PACs direct their donations to support whichever candidate most closely shares their ideological values.

A.   to provide jobs for the unemployed

B.   to promote better working conditions and higher wages

C.   to protect consumers from unsafe products

D.   to protect the interests of businesses within an industry.

A.   members of the minority party in Congress.

B.   incumbents

C.   challengers

D.   presidential candidates

A.   monarchies

B.   factions

C.   aristocracies

D.   representative government