A.   Speaker of the House

B.   vice president of the United States

C.   Senate majority leader

D.   president of the United States

A.   requires the president to be at least 35 years old

B.   requires the president to be a resident of the United States

C.   requires that presidents be natural-born citizens

D.   limits the president's terms of office

A.   because the Constitution does not give the president any powers to influence public policy

B.   because the president has diminishing power over the course of his or her administration

C.   because Congress cannot debate legislation without approval from the president

D.   because the Constitution establishes a system of shared powers

A.   commander in chief

B.   chief legislator

C.   chief executive

D.   head of state

A.   Vice presidents started to preside over the Senate.

B.   Vice presidents started taking the lead in the budgeting process.

C.   Presidents are more likely to use their vice presidents as close policy advisers.

D.   Presidents are more likely to select ideologically moderate vice presidents to expand their electoral appeal.

A.   to enact the president's budget

B.   to assess budget proposals for Congress

C.   to advise the president on economic policy

D.   to suggest programs that should be scaled back or curtailed because they use tax dollars inefficiently

A.   secretary of the treasury

B.   secretary of commerce

C.   chief of staff

D.   Office of Management and Budget

A.   establishing the jurisdiction of the federal courts including the Supreme Court

B.   determining the constitutionality of judicial acts

C.   determining the Supreme Court's docket

D.   nominating federal judges

A.   approval rating

B.   executive order

C.   executive agreement

D.   electoral mandate

A.   levels of executive privilege

B.   approval ratings

C.   debts and deficits

D.   campaign spending

A.   Office of Administration

B.   the cabinet

C.   White House staff

D.   Executive Office of the President

A.   to provide the president with national security policy advice from the opposing party's perspective

B.   to administer the armed forces

C.   to keep the president and first family secure

D.   to link the president's foreign and military policy advisers

A.   Modern presidents are more subservient to the will of Congress than the Framers originally intended.

B.   Modern presidents are considerably less democratic than the Framers originally intended.

C.   Modern presidents are much more influential in the legislative process than the Framers originally intended.

D.   Modern presidents have considerably less power as leaders of their political parties than the Framers originally intended.

A.   The vice president recently has been locked out of the policymaking process.

B.   The vice presidency has become a prerequisite for the presidency.

C.   The vice president is no longer trusted as he once was.

D.   The vice president has been more involved in the policy making process in recent years than in the past.

A.   Rally events tend to temporarily increase presidential approval ratings, providing presidents with a window of opportunity to press their agenda.

B.   Rally events cause a long-term increase in presidential approval ratings, practically guaranteeing reelection.

C.   Rally events lead to drops in presidential approval ratings, making passage of their agendas more difficult.

D.   Rally events make presidents more politically cautious.

A.   in times of economic crisis

B.   in times of relative peace and prosperity

C.   when they oppose the president's agenda

D.   during presidential election years

A.   The White House staff is the link between executive agencies in the bureaucracy and Congress.

B.   The White House staff is composed of policy specialists who have little personal loyalty to the president.

C.   The White House staff is a loose collection of bureaucrats who are loyal to executive agencies.

D.   The White House staff is composed of advisers who do whatever is in the best interest of the president.

A.   presidential powers to conduct war

B.   presidential and vice presidential succession and disability

C.   the Electoral College

D.   the president's powers to negotiate treaties

A.   help set the president's agenda

B.   placate a symbolic constituency

C.   ensure that the president's party will have a good chance of winning the next presidential election

D.   mentor the president

A.   receiving foreign ambassadors

B.   granting pardons

C.   making treaties

D.   declaring war