A.   vice president of the United States

B.   president of the United States

C.   Speaker of the House

D.   Senate majority leader

A.   requires that presidents be natural-born citizens

B.   requires the president to be a resident of the United States

C.   requires the president to be at least 35 years old

D.   limits the president's terms of office

A.   because the Constitution establishes a system of shared powers

B.   because the Constitution does not give the president any powers to influence public policy

C.   because Congress cannot debate legislation without approval from the president

D.   because the president has diminishing power over the course of his or her administration

A.   chief executive

B.   head of state

C.   chief legislator

D.   commander in chief

A.   Vice presidents started to preside over the Senate.

B.   Presidents are more likely to select ideologically moderate vice presidents to expand their electoral appeal.

C.   Presidents are more likely to use their vice presidents as close policy advisers.

D.   Vice presidents started taking the lead in the budgeting process.

A.   to assess budget proposals for Congress

B.   to advise the president on economic policy

C.   to enact the president's budget

D.   to suggest programs that should be scaled back or curtailed because they use tax dollars inefficiently

A.   secretary of commerce

B.   secretary of the treasury

C.   Office of Management and Budget

D.   chief of staff

A.   determining the constitutionality of judicial acts

B.   determining the Supreme Court's docket

C.   establishing the jurisdiction of the federal courts including the Supreme Court

D.   nominating federal judges

A.   approval rating

B.   executive agreement

C.   electoral mandate

D.   executive order

A.   campaign spending

B.   debts and deficits

C.   levels of executive privilege

D.   approval ratings

A.   White House staff

B.   the cabinet

C.   Office of Administration

D.   Executive Office of the President

A.   to keep the president and first family secure

B.   to provide the president with national security policy advice from the opposing party's perspective

C.   to link the president's foreign and military policy advisers

D.   to administer the armed forces

A.   Modern presidents are much more influential in the legislative process than the Framers originally intended.

B.   Modern presidents have considerably less power as leaders of their political parties than the Framers originally intended.

C.   Modern presidents are considerably less democratic than the Framers originally intended.

D.   Modern presidents are more subservient to the will of Congress than the Framers originally intended.

A.   The vice president has been more involved in the policy making process in recent years than in the past.

B.   The vice presidency has become a prerequisite for the presidency.

C.   The vice president is no longer trusted as he once was.

D.   The vice president recently has been locked out of the policymaking process.

A.   Rally events make presidents more politically cautious.

B.   Rally events tend to temporarily increase presidential approval ratings, providing presidents with a window of opportunity to press their agenda.

C.   Rally events lead to drops in presidential approval ratings, making passage of their agendas more difficult.

D.   Rally events cause a long-term increase in presidential approval ratings, practically guaranteeing reelection.

A.   in times of economic crisis

B.   when they oppose the president's agenda

C.   during presidential election years

D.   in times of relative peace and prosperity

A.   The White House staff is the link between executive agencies in the bureaucracy and Congress.

B.   The White House staff is composed of policy specialists who have little personal loyalty to the president.

C.   The White House staff is composed of advisers who do whatever is in the best interest of the president.

D.   The White House staff is a loose collection of bureaucrats who are loyal to executive agencies.

A.   presidential powers to conduct war

B.   presidential and vice presidential succession and disability

C.   the Electoral College

D.   the president's powers to negotiate treaties

A.   ensure that the president's party will have a good chance of winning the next presidential election

B.   placate a symbolic constituency

C.   help set the president's agenda

D.   mentor the president

A.   receiving foreign ambassadors

B.   making treaties

C.   declaring war

D.   granting pardons