Psychology 150 - Introduction to Psychology » Spring 2020 » Exam 1

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Question #1
____________ is important to obtain before starting a research study to ensure people know they are involved in the study, what will happen in the study, and understand they can choose to stop participating at any time.
A.   Privacy notice
B.   Forced agreement
C.   Confidential security
D.   Informed consent
Question #2
Betty took part in a study where she was told the purpose was to further examine perceptual cognitive processes. Once the study was over, however, the researcher explained to her that the study’s real purpose was to assess automaticity of stereotypes. This study is an example of research that used _________ in their methods to hide the true nature of the study. And we see that as a result, the researchers fully _________ participants afterwards.
A.   deception; debriefed
B.   confidentiality; informed
C.   debriefings; deceived
D.   informed consent; confided in
Question #3
Whether or not a given study has the possibility of causing harm to participants:
A.   depends on whether or not any experimentation is involved
B.   depends on the researcher's definition of harm
C.   can be determined by examining the pertinent legal documents
D.   must be determined by a review board established by the sponsoring institution
Question #4
One of the ethical guidelines researchers abide by is ensuring __________, or agreeing that an individual’s data should not be made public without consent from the individual.
A.   Confidentiality
B.   Anonymity
C.   Informed consent
D.   Privacy
Question #5
Facts focus on _________.
A.   proof
B.   information about the world
C.   beliefs about the world
D.   hypotheses
Question #6
Which of the following is an example of a question that science cannot answer?
A.   Do people’s judgments of coffee change when it is described as being a “drug”?
B.   Does coffee taste good?
C.   Is coffee consumption associated with living longer?
D.   Does drinking coffee increase alertness?
Question #7
Levels of analysis suggests which of the following?
A.   Biological factors are the most important to understanding human psychology.
B.   In order to understand the world, we should reduce natural phenomenon to their smallest components (e.g. atoms or neurons).
C.   Social factors are the most important to understanding human psychology.
D.   Understanding the world requires thinking about a phenomenon at different levels (e.g., biological, psychological, cultural).
Question #8
Good scientific theories __________.
A.   are fairly limited
B.   tend to mimic common sense understandings of the world
C.   are unbiased explanations of the natural world
D.   describe, explain, and predict the world in empirically-testable ways
Question #9
When a researcher does not find a relationship between two variables in their data but there is actually a relationship between these variables, the researcher has made a/an _________.
A.   egregious error
B.   type I error
C.   pseudoscientific claim
D.   type II error
Question #10
Using an experimental research design, researchers manipulate the ________ variable and measure the ________ variable.
A.   independent, dependent
B.   dependent, correlational
C.   independent, correlational
D.   dependent, independent
Question #11
Students who study for 7 hours over the course of a week will perform better than students who cram for 7 hours the night before the exam. The independent variable in this hypothesis is:
A.   method of studying (spaced or cramming)
B.   number of hours studied
C.   exam performance
D.   students
Question #12
In order for researchers to be able to say that Variable A causes Variable B, they must eliminate the possible influence of ________.
A.   independent variables
B.   dependent variables
C.   confounding variables
D.   correlational variables
Question #13
One reason for using random assignment is:
A.   to make sure that participants follow the rules of the study
B.   it is a required component of all psychology studies
C.   to give the experimenter control so that he/she can find significant results
D.   to help ensure that participant characteristics don't become confounding variables
Question #14
An example of an operational definition for anxiety is a:
A.   fear response
B.   personality trait
C.   person’s description of anxiety
D.   score on an anxiety questionnaire
Question #15
Which model of training in psychology, first established in Boulder, Colorado in 1949, emphasizes the development of both clinical and research skills during one's education?
A.   the scholar-practitioner model
B.   the scientist-practitioner model
C.   the scientist-scholar model
D.   the nature-nurture model
Question #16
_______ was an 18th century philosopher who, in the early years of psychology, argued that human observers acquired knowledge through their senses?
A.   William James
B.   Sigmund Freud
C.   Thomas Reid
D.   Immanuel Kant
Question #17
Why is Wilhelm Wundt often credited as being responsible for the initial development of modern psychology?
A.   He was the first to suggest that there might be physical causes to psychological disorders, shifting the field away from its previous roots in demonology.
B.   He founded and was elected the first president of the American Psychological Association.
C.   He promoted the idea that psychology could be studied scientifically and provided classes, textbooks, and a laboratory for training students.
D.   He was the first to travel outside of his own country to "rally" other psychologists to the cause of working together to establish a new scientific discipline.
Question #18
With which early perspective in psychology was Max Wertheimer most closely associated?
A.   Gestalt psychology
B.   cognitive psychology
C.   individual differences psychology
D.   structuralism
Question #19
G. Stanley Hall is, perhaps, one of the most prolific of the early American Psychologists. Which would NOT be accurately included in a list of his accomplishments?
A.   He published the first American textbook of psychology, The Principles of Psychology, in 1890.
B.   In 1887 he created the first journal of psychology in America, The American Journal of Psychology.
C.   He founded the first laboratory of psychology in American at Johns Hopkins University in 1883.
D.   He founded the American Psychological Association in 1892.
Question #20
Which noted psychologist developed the first modern intelligence test?
A.   David Wechsler
B.   Lewis Terman
C.   Alfred Binet
D.   Charles Spearman

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