Psychology 150 - Introduction to Psychology » Spring 2020 » Exam 1
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Question #1
____________ is important to obtain before starting a research study to ensure people know they are involved in the study, what will happen in the study, and understand they can choose to stop participating at any time.
A.
Confidential security
B.
Informed consent
C.
Privacy notice
D.
Forced agreement
Question #2
Betty took part in a study where she was told the purpose was to further examine perceptual cognitive processes. Once the study was over, however, the researcher explained to her that the study’s real purpose was to assess automaticity of stereotypes. This study is an example of research that used _________ in their methods to hide the true nature of the study. And we see that as a result, the researchers fully _________ participants afterwards.
A.
informed consent; confided in
B.
debriefings; deceived
C.
confidentiality; informed
D.
deception; debriefed
Question #3
Whether or not a given study has the possibility of causing harm to participants:
A.
depends on the researcher's definition of harm
B.
can be determined by examining the pertinent legal documents
C.
depends on whether or not any experimentation is involved
D.
must be determined by a review board established by the sponsoring institution
Question #4
One of the ethical guidelines researchers abide by is ensuring __________, or agreeing that an individual’s data should not be made public without consent from the individual.
A.
Informed consent
B.
Anonymity
C.
Confidentiality
D.
Privacy
Question #5
Facts focus on _________.
A.
hypotheses
B.
proof
C.
information about the world
D.
beliefs about the world
Question #6
Which of the following is an example of a question that science cannot answer?
A.
Does drinking coffee increase alertness?
B.
Do people’s judgments of coffee change when it is described as being a “drug”?
C.
Does coffee taste good?
D.
Is coffee consumption associated with living longer?
Question #7
Levels of analysis suggests which of the following?
A.
Biological factors are the most important to understanding human psychology.
B.
Understanding the world requires thinking about a phenomenon at different levels (e.g., biological, psychological, cultural).
C.
Social factors are the most important to understanding human psychology.
D.
In order to understand the world, we should reduce natural phenomenon to their smallest components (e.g. atoms or neurons).
Question #8
Good scientific theories __________.
A.
are unbiased explanations of the natural world
B.
are fairly limited
C.
describe, explain, and predict the world in empirically-testable ways
D.
tend to mimic common sense understandings of the world
Question #9
When a researcher does not find a relationship between two variables in their data but there is actually a relationship between these variables, the researcher has made a/an _________.
A.
type I error
B.
pseudoscientific claim
C.
type II error
D.
egregious error
Question #10
Using an experimental research design, researchers manipulate the ________ variable and measure the ________ variable.
A.
dependent, correlational
B.
independent, dependent
C.
dependent, independent
D.
independent, correlational
Question #11
Students who study for 7 hours over the course of a week will perform better than students who cram for 7 hours the night before the exam. The independent variable in this hypothesis is:
A.
students
B.
exam performance
C.
number of hours studied
D.
method of studying (spaced or cramming)
Question #12
In order for researchers to be able to say that Variable A causes Variable B, they must eliminate the possible influence of ________.
A.
dependent variables
B.
confounding variables
C.
correlational variables
D.
independent variables
Question #13
One reason for using random assignment is:
A.
to make sure that participants follow the rules of the study
B.
to give the experimenter control so that he/she can find significant results
C.
it is a required component of all psychology studies
D.
to help ensure that participant characteristics don't become confounding variables
Question #14
An example of an operational definition for anxiety is a:
A.
fear response
B.
person’s description of anxiety
C.
personality trait
D.
score on an anxiety questionnaire
Question #15
Which model of training in psychology, first established in Boulder, Colorado in 1949, emphasizes the development of both clinical and research skills during one's education?
A.
the nature-nurture model
B.
the scientist-scholar model
C.
the scientist-practitioner model
D.
the scholar-practitioner model
Question #16
_______ was an 18th century philosopher who, in the early years of psychology, argued that human observers acquired knowledge through their senses?
A.
Thomas Reid
B.
Immanuel Kant
C.
William James
D.
Sigmund Freud
Question #17
Why is Wilhelm Wundt often credited as being responsible for the initial development of modern psychology?
A.
He was the first to travel outside of his own country to "rally" other psychologists to the cause of working together to establish a new scientific discipline.
B.
He founded and was elected the first president of the American Psychological Association.
C.
He promoted the idea that psychology could be studied scientifically and provided classes, textbooks, and a laboratory for training students.
D.
He was the first to suggest that there might be physical causes to psychological disorders, shifting the field away from its previous roots in demonology.
Question #18
With which early perspective in psychology was Max Wertheimer most closely associated?
A.
cognitive psychology
B.
structuralism
C.
individual differences psychology
D.
Gestalt psychology
Question #19
G. Stanley Hall is, perhaps, one of the most prolific of the early American Psychologists. Which would NOT be accurately included in a list of his accomplishments?
A.
In 1887 he created the first journal of psychology in America, The American Journal of Psychology.
B.
He founded the first laboratory of psychology in American at Johns Hopkins University in 1883.
C.
He published the first American textbook of psychology, The Principles of Psychology, in 1890.
D.
He founded the American Psychological Association in 1892.
Question #20
Which noted psychologist developed the first modern intelligence test?
A.
Charles Spearman
B.
Lewis Terman
C.
David Wechsler
D.
Alfred Binet
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