Geol 102 - Environmental Geology » Spring 2020 » Final Exam
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Question #1
What is a major product of combustion for all hydrocarbons?
A.
nitrogen
B.
carbon dioxide
C.
nitrous oxide
D.
oxygen
E.
hydrogen
Question #2
During an ice age, sea level would have been relatively lower than it is today.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #3
The construction of jetties, groins or breakwaters interrupts the longshore current.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #4
El Nino events occur roughly every 4 to 7 years due to a reversal of Pacific trade winds.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #5
If dams were constructed on all the streams leading to a shoreline all of the following would be expected to happen to the coast except?
A.
An increase in the number of tsunamis.
B.
Barrier islands would retreat and decrease in size.
C.
Coastal erosion would increase.
D.
Sand bars and spits would decrease in size.
E.
Beaches would get smaller or even disappear.
Question #6
Why do most tsunamis occur in the Pacific basin?
A.
because more meteors hit in the Pacific Ocean than other oceans
B.
because the Pacific Ocean is the biggest ocean
C.
because the Pacific basin is surrounded by active plate boundaries
D.
because the volcanic Hawaiian Islands are located there
E.
because the Pacific Ocean is the deepest ocean
Question #7
Why is crushed limestone used in the remediation of sulfide waste rock?
A.
Native grasses and plants grow directly out of the limestone.
B.
The limestone converts to marble and can be sold.
C.
The limestone neutralizes the acid that forms.
D.
The limestone forms a highly impermeable barrier.
E.
The sulfide waste rock will oxidize into limestone.
Question #8
What kind of process produces banded iron formations?
A.
weathering
B.
hydrothermal
C.
sedimentary
D.
metamorphic
E.
igneous
Question #9
What is contaminated water that drains out of a solid waste disposal site called?
A.
sewage effluent
B.
hydroponic fluid
C.
hazardous waste
D.
leachate
E.
artesian water
Question #10
How would you characterize the wave in this photo and what does it tell you about the slope of the associated seafloor?
A.
Spilling breaker; relatively steep slope
B.
Surging breaker; abrupt shallows
C.
Plunging breaker; relatively steep slope
D.
Spilling breaker; relatively gradual slope
E.
Plunging breaker; relatively gradual slope
Question #11
What force is thought to be an important cause of plate tectonic motion?
A.
shear strain
B.
earthquakes
C.
Earth tides
D.
volcanic eruptions
E.
thermal convection currents
Question #12
Which property of minerals is variable and therefore the least reliable as a clue in identifying a mineral type?
A.
crystal form
B.
hardness
C.
luster
D.
cleavage
E.
color
Question #13
How much more energy does a magnitude 8 earthquake release than a magnitude 6 earthquake?
A.
30 times more
B.
27,000 times more
C.
10 times more
D.
2 times more
E.
900 times more
Question #14
This photo is of The San Andreas Fault Zone in the Carrizo Plain. What kind of fault is represented here?
A.
Left-lateral strike-slip fault
B.
Reverse fault
C.
Normal fault
D.
Right-lateral strike-slip fault
Question #15
Which type of seismic wave is most responsible for damage?
A.
surface waves
B.
S-waves
C.
P-waves
D.
body waves
E.
sonar
Question #16
The bands or warm dry air at 30 degrees north and south latitudes are due to the air compressing as it descends.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #17
The Earth's ozone layer is responsible for shielding Earth's surface from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #18
When pH increases, the water becomes more acidic.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #19
What is this photo an example of?
A.
longshore current
B.
wave refraction
C.
shoaling
D.
tidal wave
E.
rip current
Question #20
Flood control measures such as dams, retaining basins, floodwalls and artificial levees may increase flood risk.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #21
Lots of cosmogenic isotopes on the surface of a rock indicate a high erosion rate.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #22
What kind of structures are illustrated in this photo?
A.
groins
B.
seawall
C.
breakwater
D.
jetties
E.
mooring
Question #23
What is the boundary between the zone of aeration and zone of saturation called?
A.
Capillary fringe
B.
Porosity layer
C.
Water table
D.
Aquifer zone
Question #24
Which of the following uses of water has the greatest potential for reuse?
A.
Hydraulic fracturing for gas
B.
Tar sand extraction for oil
C.
Power generation
D.
Agricultural irrigation
Question #25
Which of the following has the greatest albedo?
A.
sandy deserts
B.
ocean water
C.
snow and ice
D.
fresh concrete
E.
grasslands
Question #26
Reading the top graph from left to right, what kinds of seismic waves are responsible for the first series of wavy lines on this seismogram?
A.
Surface waves
B.
P-waves
C.
Love waves
D.
Rayleigh waves
E.
S-waves
Question #27
Which type of seismic body-wave can through solids, liquids and gases?
A.
Primary
B.
Rayleigh
C.
Secondary
D.
Love
Question #28
Shield volcanoes are associated with Hawaiian-style eruptions.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #29
What allows ice to float?
A.
Surface tension of ice is lower than the surface tension of liquid water.
B.
Cohesion of ice is lower than the cohesion of liquid water.
C.
Adhesion of ice is lower than the adhesion of liquid water.
D.
Heat capacity of ice is lower than the heat capacity of liquid water.
E.
Density of ice is lower than the density of liquid water.
Question #30
What kind of fault do the associated figures represent?
A.
Reverse fault
B.
Normal fault
C.
Left-lateral strike-slip fault
D.
Right-lateral strike-slip fault
Question #31
Steams that add water to the underlying groundwater resource are called which of the following?
A.
gaining streams
B.
altruistic streams
C.
perennial streams
D.
rejuvenated streams
E.
losing streams
Question #32
What is a rock or soil mass that lacks permeability by definition called?
A.
sandstone
B.
aquifer
C.
aquiclude
D.
aquanaut
E.
conglomerate
Question #33
What percentage of the world's energy supplies is consumed by the U.S.?
A.
10%
B.
50%
C.
5%
D.
25%
E.
75%
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