Geol 102 - Environmental Geology » Spring 2020 » Final Exam
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Question #1
What is a major product of combustion for all hydrocarbons?
A.
carbon dioxide
B.
oxygen
C.
nitrogen
D.
hydrogen
E.
nitrous oxide
Question #2
During an ice age, sea level would have been relatively lower than it is today.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #3
The construction of jetties, groins or breakwaters interrupts the longshore current.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #4
El Nino events occur roughly every 4 to 7 years due to a reversal of Pacific trade winds.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #5
If dams were constructed on all the streams leading to a shoreline all of the following would be expected to happen to the coast except?
A.
Barrier islands would retreat and decrease in size.
B.
Sand bars and spits would decrease in size.
C.
Coastal erosion would increase.
D.
Beaches would get smaller or even disappear.
E.
An increase in the number of tsunamis.
Question #6
Why do most tsunamis occur in the Pacific basin?
A.
because the Pacific Ocean is the deepest ocean
B.
because the Pacific basin is surrounded by active plate boundaries
C.
because the volcanic Hawaiian Islands are located there
D.
because more meteors hit in the Pacific Ocean than other oceans
E.
because the Pacific Ocean is the biggest ocean
Question #7
Why is crushed limestone used in the remediation of sulfide waste rock?
A.
The limestone neutralizes the acid that forms.
B.
The sulfide waste rock will oxidize into limestone.
C.
The limestone forms a highly impermeable barrier.
D.
The limestone converts to marble and can be sold.
E.
Native grasses and plants grow directly out of the limestone.
Question #8
What kind of process produces banded iron formations?
A.
igneous
B.
sedimentary
C.
hydrothermal
D.
metamorphic
E.
weathering
Question #9
What is contaminated water that drains out of a solid waste disposal site called?
A.
sewage effluent
B.
artesian water
C.
leachate
D.
hazardous waste
E.
hydroponic fluid
Question #10
How would you characterize the wave in this photo and what does it tell you about the slope of the associated seafloor?
A.
Surging breaker; abrupt shallows
B.
Plunging breaker; relatively gradual slope
C.
Plunging breaker; relatively steep slope
D.
Spilling breaker; relatively steep slope
E.
Spilling breaker; relatively gradual slope
Question #11
What force is thought to be an important cause of plate tectonic motion?
A.
shear strain
B.
earthquakes
C.
Earth tides
D.
volcanic eruptions
E.
thermal convection currents
Question #12
Which property of minerals is variable and therefore the least reliable as a clue in identifying a mineral type?
A.
luster
B.
crystal form
C.
cleavage
D.
color
E.
hardness
Question #13
How much more energy does a magnitude 8 earthquake release than a magnitude 6 earthquake?
A.
27,000 times more
B.
900 times more
C.
30 times more
D.
2 times more
E.
10 times more
Question #14
This photo is of The San Andreas Fault Zone in the Carrizo Plain. What kind of fault is represented here?
A.
Normal fault
B.
Right-lateral strike-slip fault
C.
Left-lateral strike-slip fault
D.
Reverse fault
Question #15
Which type of seismic wave is most responsible for damage?
A.
P-waves
B.
sonar
C.
surface waves
D.
S-waves
E.
body waves
Question #16
The bands or warm dry air at 30 degrees north and south latitudes are due to the air compressing as it descends.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #17
The Earth's ozone layer is responsible for shielding Earth's surface from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #18
When pH increases, the water becomes more acidic.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #19
What is this photo an example of?
A.
tidal wave
B.
wave refraction
C.
rip current
D.
longshore current
E.
shoaling
Question #20
Flood control measures such as dams, retaining basins, floodwalls and artificial levees may increase flood risk.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #21
Lots of cosmogenic isotopes on the surface of a rock indicate a high erosion rate.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #22
What kind of structures are illustrated in this photo?
A.
seawall
B.
groins
C.
jetties
D.
mooring
E.
breakwater
Question #23
What is the boundary between the zone of aeration and zone of saturation called?
A.
Aquifer zone
B.
Porosity layer
C.
Capillary fringe
D.
Water table
Question #24
Which of the following uses of water has the greatest potential for reuse?
A.
Hydraulic fracturing for gas
B.
Tar sand extraction for oil
C.
Agricultural irrigation
D.
Power generation
Question #25
Which of the following has the greatest albedo?
A.
fresh concrete
B.
grasslands
C.
snow and ice
D.
sandy deserts
E.
ocean water
Question #26
Reading the top graph from left to right, what kinds of seismic waves are responsible for the first series of wavy lines on this seismogram?
A.
Surface waves
B.
P-waves
C.
S-waves
D.
Love waves
E.
Rayleigh waves
Question #27
Which type of seismic body-wave can through solids, liquids and gases?
A.
Primary
B.
Love
C.
Secondary
D.
Rayleigh
Question #28
Shield volcanoes are associated with Hawaiian-style eruptions.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #29
What allows ice to float?
A.
Adhesion of ice is lower than the adhesion of liquid water.
B.
Heat capacity of ice is lower than the heat capacity of liquid water.
C.
Surface tension of ice is lower than the surface tension of liquid water.
D.
Cohesion of ice is lower than the cohesion of liquid water.
E.
Density of ice is lower than the density of liquid water.
Question #30
What kind of fault do the associated figures represent?
A.
Left-lateral strike-slip fault
B.
Reverse fault
C.
Normal fault
D.
Right-lateral strike-slip fault
Question #31
Steams that add water to the underlying groundwater resource are called which of the following?
A.
perennial streams
B.
losing streams
C.
rejuvenated streams
D.
gaining streams
E.
altruistic streams
Question #32
What is a rock or soil mass that lacks permeability by definition called?
A.
aquiclude
B.
aquanaut
C.
sandstone
D.
aquifer
E.
conglomerate
Question #33
What percentage of the world's energy supplies is consumed by the U.S.?
A.
50%
B.
75%
C.
10%
D.
5%
E.
25%
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