Biology 2060 - Anatomy and Physiology II » Summer 2020 » Lecture Exam 2
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Question #1
Blood hydrostatic pressure in systemic capillaries is greater than interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #2
Subclavian trunks drain lymph from the
A.
upper limbs, breasts, and superficial thorax.
B.
head and neck.
C.
abdominopelvic wall.
D.
deep thoracic structures.
Question #3
Nonspecific immunity is another name for
A.
innate immunity.
B.
adaptive immunity.
C.
acquired immunity.
D.
cell-mediated immunity.
Question #4
In general, as an artery's diameter decreases, the artery walls show
A.
a decrease in the relative amount of smooth muscle and an increase in the relative amount of elastic fibers.
B.
a decrease in both smooth muscle and elastic fibers and an increase in areolar connective tissue.
C.
an increase in relative amounts of smooth muscle and elastic fibers and a decrease in endothelium.
D.
an increase in the relative amount of smooth muscle and a decrease in the relative amount of elastic fibers.
Question #5
Which part of a thymic lobule contains mature lymphocytes?
A.
Medulla
B.
Capsule
C.
Cortex
D.
Trabecula
Question #6
If someone were to have abnormally low levels of protein in their blood, then net filtration pressure would
A.
be lower than normal.
B.
be higher than normal.
Question #7
Which of the following does not contain red marrow?
A.
Sternum
B.
Vertebrae
C.
Flat bones of the skull
D.
Ribs
E.
Long bones of digits
Question #8
Lymph contains protein
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #9
A network of small arteries called the ________ provides a blood supply to the tunica externa of very large vessels.
A.
companion vessels
B.
thoroughfare channels
C.
distributing arteries
D.
vasa vasorum
E.
fenestrated arteries
Question #10
Valves in veins
A.
make the use of a skeletal muscle pump unnecessary for venous blood flow.
B.
cause venous blood flow to go in only one direction.
C.
are formed of the tunica media.
D.
are found only in the largest veins.
E.
are the leading cause of high blood pressure.
Question #11
Inflammation is a(n)
A.
nonspecific process that occurs in vascularized tissue.
B.
nonspecific process that occurs in avascular tissue.
C.
antigen-specific process that occurs in vascularized tissue.
D.
antigen-specific process that occurs in avascular tissue.
Question #12
Which fluid does lymph most closely resemble
A.
Blood plasma
B.
Interstitial fluid
C.
Whole blood
D.
Intracellular fluid
Question #13
Which are found in the capillary wall? a: Endothelium b: Subendothelial layer c: Internal elastic lamina d: Intercellular clefts e: External elastic lamina f: Basement membrane
A.
b, d, e, f
B.
a, b, d, e, f
C.
a, d, f
D.
a, b, d, f
E.
a, c, d, e, f
Question #14
Sinusoids are found in a: bone marrow b: spleen c: small intestine d: kidney e: liver f: muscle g: skin
A.
b, c, d, g
B.
b, c, e, f
C.
a, b, e
D.
c, d
E.
f, g
Question #15
Which statement accurately compares filtration and reabsorption?
A.
Filtration happens at the venule end of a capillary bed and reabsorption happens in feeder arterioles.
B.
The direction of filtration can be either into or out of the blood, but reabsorption always involves fluids entering the blood.
C.
Filtration is driven by concentration gradients, whereas reabsorption depends on hydrostatic pressure.
D.
Filtration involves bulk flow of fluid out of the blood, whereas reabsorption is bulk flow back into the blood.
Question #16
Where do T-lymphocytes mature?
A.
Thyroid gland
B.
Thymus gland
C.
Spleen
D.
White bone marrow
E.
Tonsils
Question #17
Precapillary sphincters will
A.
control blood flow into the true capillaries.
B.
cause blood to flow directly from the metarteriole into the postcapillary venule.
C.
close when the tissue's needs have been met.
D.
open when the tissue needs nutrients.
E.
All of the answers are correct.
Question #18
The force per unit area that blood places on the inside wall of a blood vessel
A.
increases the further the vessel is from the heart.
B.
is called the blood pressure.
C.
is greater in the inferior vena cava than in the common iliac vein.
D.
is greater during diastole.
E.
is called the pulse.
Question #19
When women with breast cancer undergo surgery to remove the tumor or the entire breast, the axillary lymph nodes are often removed as well. Why?
A.
It is impossible to remove the breast without physically damaging the lymph nodes.
B.
With the removal of the breast, there is no further need for lymph drainage and filtering in that part of the body.
C.
The axillary lymph nodes receive lymph from the breast and may contain cancer cells.
D.
The nerves that supply the axillary lymph nodes are often cut during the breast surgery.
E.
In removing the breast, the blood supply to the nodes is removed and they will inevitably cease to function.
Question #20
Which of the artery types contain the internal and external elastic laminae?
A.
Elastic arteries and arterioles
B.
Elastic and muscular arteries
C.
Arterioles
D.
Elastic arteries
E.
Muscular arteries
Question #21
Chemotaxis is the process by which
A.
cells exit the blood by squeezing out between cells in the blood vessel wall.
B.
CAMs on leukocytes adhere to CAMs on endothelial cells of capillaries within injured tissues.
C.
chemical messengers are secreted that stimulate the sensation of pain that accompanies inflammation.
D.
cells migrate along chemical gradients.
Question #22
A lymphatic capillary that picks up dietary lipids in the small intestine is called a(n)
A.
lacteal.
B.
efferent lymphatic vessel.
C.
afferent lymphatic vessel.
D.
cisterna chyli.
E.
trabeculum.
Question #23
Which is not correct regarding the spleen?
A.
Its white pulp contains T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, and macrophages.
B.
Its blood is supplied by the splenic artery and drained by the splenic vein.
C.
It has an outer cortex and inner medulla.
D.
It is divided into sections by capsular extensions called trabeculae.
Question #24
Dendritic cells of the skin are derived from
A.
macrophages.
B.
monocytes.
C.
T-lymphocytes.
D.
B-lymphocytes.
E.
neutrophils.
Question #25
Which statement is accurate?
A.
Filtration dominates at the arterial end of a capillary bed, and is driven by osmotic pressure.
B.
Filtration dominates at the venous end of a capillary bed, and is driven by hydrostatic pressure.
C.
Filtration dominates at the arterial end of a capillary bed, and is driven by hydrostatic pressure.
D.
Filtration dominates at the venous end of a capillary bed, and is driven by osmotic pressure.
Question #26
The ________ is composed of circularly arranged layers of smooth muscle cells.
A.
tunica intima
B.
tunica interna
C.
None of the answers is correct.
D.
tunica media
E.
tunica externa
Question #27
Atherosclerosis involves a
A.
sustained increase in blood flow that leads to decreases in venous resistance to keep blood pressure constant.
B.
sustained decrease in resistance that leads to decreases in arterial pressure to maintain adequate blood flow.
C.
sustained increase in resistance that leads to increases in arterial pressure to maintain adequate blood flow.
D.
sustained increase in blood pressure that leads to compensatory vasodilation.
E.
sustained decrease in blood flow that leads to increases in arterial diameter to lower resistance and raise pressure.
Question #28
If someone's blood pressure were listed as 125/75 mmHg, then their pulse pressure would be
A.
125 mmHg.
B.
40 mmHg.
C.
50 mmHg.
D.
100 mmHg.
E.
5/3.
Question #29
As blood moves from the arterial end to the venous end of a capillary, net filtration pressure
A.
remains the same, as rises in blood osmotic pressure are offset by declines in tissue osmotic pressure.
B.
decreases, as blood colloid osmotic pressure decreases.
C.
decreases, as blood hydrostatic pressure decreases.
D.
increases, as blood colloid osmotic pressure rises.
E.
increases, as blood hydrostatic pressure rises.
Question #30
The thymus contains ________ lobes and is located ________.
A.
4; in the mediastinum
B.
4; anterior to the laryngeal prominence (Adam's apple)
C.
2; anterior to the laryngeal prominence (Adam's apple)
D.
2; in the mediastinum
Question #31
Which type of cell attacks a variety of unwanted cells and causes those cells to undergo apoptosis?
A.
Basophils
B.
Macrophages
C.
Neutrophils
D.
Eosinophils
E.
Natural killer cells
Question #32
Blood colloid osmotic pressure is largely due to
A.
the proteins in the blood, and it promotes reabsorption.
B.
the high amount of water in the blood, and it promotes filtration from arterioles.
C.
the pressure generated by the heart, and it favors osmosis into the arteriole end of the capillary bed.
D.
the high amount of water in the blood, and it promotes diffusion out of the capillaries.
E.
the proteins in the blood, and it promotes filtration.
Question #33
Which is not correct regarding the white pulp of the spleen?
A.
It contains a central artery.
B.
It serves as a blood reservoir.
C.
Its cells include T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, and macrophages.
D.
Its cells are arranged in clusters that are circular in shape.
Question #34
Gas, nutrient, and waste exchange occur between the ________ and the tissues of the body.
A.
capillaries
B.
veins
C.
capillaries and arteries
D.
arteries
E.
capillaries and veins
Question #35
Circulation to the spleen demonstrates a(n)
A.
simple pathway, as its two capillary beds are separated by a portal vein.
B.
anastomosis, as its two capillary beds are separated by a portal vein.
C.
simple pathway, as one artery delivers blood and one vein drains the organ.
D.
anastomosis, as one artery delivers blood and one vein drains the organ.
Question #36
Defensins and lysosomes are both part of ________ immunity and function as ________.
A.
innate; attackers of pathogenic cells
B.
adaptive; physical barriers to pathogen entry
C.
innate; physical barriers to pathogen entry
D.
adaptive; attackers of pathogenic cells
Question #37
Often a virus-infected cell will release ________ to prevent spread of the infection.
A.
serotonin
B.
complement
C.
histamine
D.
perforin
E.
interferon
Question #38
The function of the postcapillary venule is to
A.
supply metarteriole with blood.
B.
allow for diffusion of nutrients and metabolic wastes.
C.
allow for diffusion of metabolic wastes from the tissues.
D.
drain the capillary bed.
E.
allow for diffusion of nutrients to the tissues.
Question #39
Increased cardiac output ________ the blood pressure.
A.
will not affect
B.
increases
C.
decreases
Question #40
The force that drives fluid into lymphatic capillaries is
A.
diffusion of both water and solutes.
B.
endocytosis.
C.
osmosis.
D.
hydrostatic pressure.
E.
exocytosis.
Question #41
A portal system
A.
includes a functional end artery that makes an arterial anastomosis.
B.
is a simple circulatory system with an arteriovenous anastomosis.
C.
is one in which blood flows through two capillary beds before being sent back to the heart.
D.
is one in which multiple arteries converge on one organ or body region.
E.
is one in which circulation to a large organ involves only one artery and one main (portal) vein.
Question #42
Atrial natriuretic peptide stimulates
A.
vasodilation, increased urine output, and therefore decreased blood pressure.
B.
vasoconstriction, sodium retention, and therefore increased blood pressure.
C.
vasoconstriction, decreased urine output, and therefore decreased blood pressure.
D.
vasoconstriction, increased urine output, and therefore increased blood pressure.
E.
vasodilation, decreased urine output, and therefore increased blood pressure.
Question #43
Which cells resemble basophils and are found in connective tissue, close to small blood vessels?
A.
Alveolar macrophages
B.
NK cells
C.
Mast cells
D.
Cytokines
E.
Dendritic cells
Question #44
In addition to creating a physical barrier to pathogen entry, mucus contains antimicrobial substances such as IgA.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #45
The main function of tonsils is to detect and protect against infections agents that are
A.
in the lymph.
B.
secreted by salivary glands.
C.
in the blood.
D.
ingested or inhaled.
Question #46
Aldosterone and atrial natriuretic peptide have ________ effects on blood pressure.
A.
opposite
B.
similar
Question #47
Lymphatic nodules consist of
A.
crypts, trabeculae, and Reed-Sternberg cells.
B.
central arteries and monocytes.
C.
a hilum that is located intermediate to two lobules.
D.
afferent vessels, efferent vessels, a cortex, and medulla.
E.
lymphatic cells, extracellular matrix, and an incomplete connective tissue capsule.
Question #48
When physical exertion has ended and the body is at rest, veins demonstrate
A.
vasoconstriction so that they function as blood reservoirs.
B.
vasodilation so that they function as blood reservoirs.
C.
vasodilation so that blood is shifted toward the rest of the circulatory system.
D.
vasoconstriction so that blood is shifted toward the rest of the circulatory system.
Question #49
As an arterial pathway moves farther from the heart, the arteries
A.
get smaller.
B.
get larger.
C.
show no change in their lumen size.
Question #50
Concerning the exchange between blood and interstitial fluid at systemic capillaries,
A.
more fluid is absorbed and reabsorbed than is filtered.
B.
the fluid reabsorbed into the capillary exactly matches the amount filtered by the capillary.
C.
more fluid is filtered than reabsorbed.
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