Biology 2060 - Anatomy and Physiology II » Summer 2020 » Lecture Exam 4
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Question #1
The ________ is not a portion of the urethra.
A.
external urethral orifice
B.
membranous urethra
C.
prostatic urethra
D.
spongy urethra
E.
internal urethral sphincter
Question #2
The urine is most likely to be hypotonic when the ________.
A.
body's water volume is high
B.
person is lost and deprived of drinking water
C.
body's pH is low
D.
output of natriuretic peptides is high
E.
output of antidiuretic hormone is high
Question #3
What do lutein cells develop from?
A.
The granulosa cells
B.
The theca interna
C.
The corpus albicans
D.
The corpus luteum
E.
The corona radiata
Question #4
The mechanism of stabilizing the GFR based on the tendency of smooth muscle to contract when stretched is known as ________.
A.
the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism
B.
sympathetic control
C.
renal autoregulation
D.
tubuloglomerular feedback
E.
the myogenic mechanism
Question #5
Sperm travels to the ampulla of the ductus deferens before reaching the spermatic cord.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #6
When does oogenesis begin?
A.
During menarche
B.
During pubarche
C.
At birth
D.
During embryonic development
E.
During thelarche
Question #7
Renin hydrolyzes angiotensinogen, which is released from the ________, to form angiotensin I.
A.
lungs
B.
heart
C.
liver
D.
spleen
E.
kidneys
Question #8
Which uterine layer is composed of a simple columnar epithelium containing tubular glands?
A.
Endometrium
B.
Fimbrium
C.
Myometrium
D.
Perimetrium
E.
Cervix
Question #9
A single lobe of a kidney is comprised of ________.
A.
one collecting duct and all nephrons that drain into it
B.
a renal medulla and two renal columns
C.
two calyces and a renal pelvis
D.
one pyramid and the overlying cortex
E.
one major calyx and all of its minor calyces
Question #10
Which of the following correctly traces blood flow from the renal artery into the renal cortex?
A.
Segmental a. → interlobar a. →arcuate a. → interlobular a.
B.
Afferent arteriole → interlobular a. → arcuate a. → interlobar a.
C.
Interlobar a. → interlobular a. → segmental a. → arcuate a.
D.
Segmental a. → arcuate a. → interlobar a. → interlobular a.
E.
Arcuate a. → interlobar a. → afferent arteriole → interlobular a.
Question #11
The deep region of the penis, surrounding the urethra, that engorges with blood during an erection is known as the ________.
A.
corpus spongiosum
B.
epididymis
C.
corpus cavernosum
D.
ductus (vas) deferens
E.
scrotum
Question #12
Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?
A.
They help control blood pressure.
B.
They indirectly increase oxyhemoglobin.
C.
They regulate osmolarity of the body fluids.
D.
They release waste into the bloodstream.
E.
They fight osteoporosis by synthesizing vitamin D.
Question #13
In life threatening starvation, the kidneys synthesize glucose by ________.
A.
contributing to calcium homeostasis
B.
secreting renin
C.
deaminating amino acids
D.
secreting erythropoietin
E.
producing uric acid
Question #14
Assuming all other values are normal, calculate the net filtration pressure in a patient with a drop in capsular hydrostatic pressure to 8 mmHg.
A.
20 mm Hg out
B.
50 mm Hg out
C.
30 mm Hg out
D.
40 mm Hg out
E.
10 mm Hg out
Question #15
The ________ is the site of sperm maturation and storage.
A.
spermatic cord
B.
epididymis
C.
ductus (vas) deferens
D.
rete testis
E.
seminiferous tubules
Question #16
Which of the following is true regarding the blood-testis barrier?
A.
It prevents blood from getting to the testes.
B.
It maintains testis temperature at 35°C.
C.
It maintains testis temperature at 37°C.
D.
It prevents antibodies in the blood from getting to the germ cells.
E.
It prevents heat loss from the testes.
Question #17
The ________ is not an organ of the urinary system.
A.
ureter
B.
kidney
C.
urinary bladder
D.
urethra
E.
liver
Question #18
In ovulation, after expelling the oocyte the follicle becomes a ________ and secretes ________.
A.
corpus albicans; progesterone
B.
corpus albicans; FSH and LH
C.
corpus luteum; estrogen and progesterone
D.
corpus luteum; FSH and LH
E.
corpus albicans; estrogen and progesterone
Question #19
Which of the following is inhibited by testosterone?
A.
Libido
B.
Sperm production
C.
Development of secondary sex characteristics
D.
Development of secondary sex organs
E.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion
Question #20
The ________ innervation of the kidneys reduces urine production, while the function of its ________ innervation is unknown.
A.
parasympathetic; sympathetic
B.
enteric; somatic
C.
sympathetic; parasympathetic
D.
peripheral; central
E.
central; peripheral
Question #21
After puberty, which epithelium lines the vagina?
A.
Simple cuboidal epithelium
B.
Simple columnar epithelium
C.
Simple squamous epithelium
D.
Stratified squamous epithelium
E.
Transitional epithelium
Question #22
Because of the great deal of active transport that occurs here, the ________ of one's nephrons collectively account for about 6% of one's daily resting ATP and caloric consumption.
A.
collecting ducts
B.
proximal convoluted tubules
C.
loops of Henle
D.
glomeruli
E.
distal convoluted tubules
Question #23
In which structure does fertilization usually occur?
A.
Uterine tube
B.
Uterus
C.
Ovary
D.
Urethra
E.
Urinary bladder
Question #24
When it is cold, the ________ contracts and draws the testes closer to the body to keep them warm.
A.
perineum
B.
corpus spongiosum
C.
pampiniform plexus
D.
cremaster
E.
corpus cavernosum
Question #25
What hormone(s) inhibit(s) the secretion of FSH and LH during the female sexual cycle?
A.
Estradiol and progesterone
B.
Progesterone
C.
Estradiol
D.
Androgens
E.
GnRH
Question #26
Why would an enlarged prostate interfere with urination?
A.
It produces thicker prostatic secretions that block the urethra.
B.
It compresses the urethra.
C.
It develops calcified deposits that block the urethra.
D.
It inhibits the micturition reflex.
E.
It inhibits urine production.
Question #27
In meiosis, each parent cell produces ________.
A.
two diploid (2n) cells
B.
haploid (n) cells that are identical to the parent cell
C.
four diploid (2n) cells
D.
four haploid (n) cells
E.
two haploid (n) cells
Question #28
Which of the following is generally accepted as a secondary sex characteristic?
A.
The vagina
B.
The enlargement of the breasts
C.
The prostate
D.
The presence of testes
E.
The uterus
Question #29
The ________ is the small, bilateral organ found lateral to the membranous urethra.
A.
prostate
B.
ejaculatory duct
C.
seminal vesicle
D.
bulbourethral gland
E.
urethra
Question #30
Which of the following would reduce the glomerular filtration rate?
A.
An increase in osmotic pressure in the glomerular capsule
B.
Vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole
C.
A drop in oncotic pressure
D.
Vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole
E.
Vasodilation of the afferent arteriole
Question #31
Which of the following is not true about the anatomy of the urinary system?
A.
The kidneys are retroperitoneal.
B.
The kidneys are at equal heights within the pelvic cavity.
C.
The ureters connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
D.
The right kidney is located more inferiorly than the left kidney.
E.
The urethra of males is longer than the urethra of females.
Question #32
Blood plasma is filtered in the ________.
A.
renal column
B.
renal corpuscle
C.
renal calyx
D.
renal capsule
E.
renal tubule
Question #33
At early puberty, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulate enlargement of the testes.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #34
The transition from an afferent arteriole to an efferent arteriole occurs in the ________.
A.
peritubular capillaries
B.
vasa recta
C.
cortical radiate veins
D.
medulla
E.
glomerulus
Question #35
Which of the following is a direct result of antidiuretic hormone?
A.
Decreased urine molarity
B.
Decreased urine volume
C.
Increased urine volume
D.
Increased urine salinity
E.
Increased urine acidity
Question #36
________ stimulates the interstitial cells of the testes to secrete ________.
A.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH); LH
B.
Luteinizing hormone (LH); estrogen
C.
Luteinizing hormone (LH); androgen-binding protein (ABP)
D.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); androgen-binding protein (ABP)
E.
Luteinizing hormone (LH); testosterone
Question #37
Which of the following is the correct pathway of sperm cells from their formation to ejaculation?
A.
Seminiferous tubule, epididymis, rete testis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
B.
Seminiferous tubule, epididymis, rete testis, urethra, ejaculatory duct, ductus deferens
C.
Seminiferous tubule, epididymis, rete testis, ejaculatory duct, ductus deferens, urethra
D.
Seminiferous tubule, rete testis, epididymis, ejaculatory duct, urethra, ductus deferens
E.
Seminiferous tubule, rete testis, epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
Question #38
Males produce sperm and females produce eggs.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #39
The countercurrent heat exchanger that prevents arterial blood from overheating the testes is the ________.
A.
rete testis
B.
epididymis
C.
blood-testis barrier
D.
scrotal portal system
E.
pampiniform plexus of veins
Question #40
The innermost connective tissue layer protecting the kidney and assisting in staving off infection is known as the ________.
A.
hilum
B.
renal fascia
C.
renal medulla
D.
perirenal fat capsule
E.
fibrous capsule
Question #41
The acrosome contains enzymes used to ________.
A.
dissolve the mucosa of the uterus
B.
penetrate the vagina
C.
dissolve the mucosa of the vagina
D.
penetrate barriers surrounding the ovum
E.
dissolve the stickiness of the semen
Question #42
The penis is homologous to the ________.
A.
vagina
B.
urethra
C.
labia minora
D.
mons pubis
E.
clitoris
Question #43
Hypocalcemia stimulates ________.
A.
a decrease in aldosterone production
B.
secretion of parathyroid hormone
C.
an increase in blood urea nitrogen
D.
vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles
E.
secretion of renin
Question #44
Men have only one ________.
A.
prostate
B.
bulbourethral gland
C.
ejaculatory duct
D.
seminal vesicle
E.
corpus cavernosum
Question #45
Oxytocin stimulates contraction of myoepithelial cell of the mammary acini.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #46
Aldosterone acts on the ________.
A.
glomerulus
B.
descending limb of the nephron loop
C.
medullary portion of the collecting duct
D.
distal convoluted tubule
E.
proximal convoluted tubule
Question #47
Where are follicles located?
A.
Medulla of the ovary
B.
Center of the ovum
C.
Epithelium of the placenta
D.
Cortex of the ovary
E.
Epithelium of the endometrium
Question #48
The ________ muscle is located in the urinary bladder.
A.
detrusor
B.
corpus cavernosum
C.
pubococcygeus
D.
corpus spongiosum
E.
distractor
Question #49
Sexual reproduction entails the union of two gonads to form a zygote
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #50
Which of the following is not a function of the nurse cells?
A.
They secrete androgen-binding protein.
B.
They secrete testosterone.
C.
They protect and support the germ cells.
D.
Their tight junctions form the blood-testis barrier.
E.
They secrete inhibin.
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