Biology 2060 - Anatomy and Physiology II » Summer 2020 » Lecture Exam 4
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Question #1
The ________ is not a portion of the urethra.
A.
internal urethral sphincter
B.
spongy urethra
C.
external urethral orifice
D.
membranous urethra
E.
prostatic urethra
Question #2
The urine is most likely to be hypotonic when the ________.
A.
output of antidiuretic hormone is high
B.
body's water volume is high
C.
output of natriuretic peptides is high
D.
body's pH is low
E.
person is lost and deprived of drinking water
Question #3
What do lutein cells develop from?
A.
The corona radiata
B.
The theca interna
C.
The corpus luteum
D.
The granulosa cells
E.
The corpus albicans
Question #4
The mechanism of stabilizing the GFR based on the tendency of smooth muscle to contract when stretched is known as ________.
A.
renal autoregulation
B.
the myogenic mechanism
C.
tubuloglomerular feedback
D.
sympathetic control
E.
the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism
Question #5
Sperm travels to the ampulla of the ductus deferens before reaching the spermatic cord.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #6
When does oogenesis begin?
A.
During menarche
B.
During embryonic development
C.
At birth
D.
During pubarche
E.
During thelarche
Question #7
Renin hydrolyzes angiotensinogen, which is released from the ________, to form angiotensin I.
A.
kidneys
B.
spleen
C.
heart
D.
liver
E.
lungs
Question #8
Which uterine layer is composed of a simple columnar epithelium containing tubular glands?
A.
Perimetrium
B.
Myometrium
C.
Cervix
D.
Endometrium
E.
Fimbrium
Question #9
A single lobe of a kidney is comprised of ________.
A.
one collecting duct and all nephrons that drain into it
B.
one major calyx and all of its minor calyces
C.
two calyces and a renal pelvis
D.
a renal medulla and two renal columns
E.
one pyramid and the overlying cortex
Question #10
Which of the following correctly traces blood flow from the renal artery into the renal cortex?
A.
Arcuate a. → interlobar a. → afferent arteriole → interlobular a.
B.
Afferent arteriole → interlobular a. → arcuate a. → interlobar a.
C.
Segmental a. → arcuate a. → interlobar a. → interlobular a.
D.
Interlobar a. → interlobular a. → segmental a. → arcuate a.
E.
Segmental a. → interlobar a. →arcuate a. → interlobular a.
Question #11
The deep region of the penis, surrounding the urethra, that engorges with blood during an erection is known as the ________.
A.
epididymis
B.
corpus cavernosum
C.
ductus (vas) deferens
D.
scrotum
E.
corpus spongiosum
Question #12
Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?
A.
They release waste into the bloodstream.
B.
They indirectly increase oxyhemoglobin.
C.
They regulate osmolarity of the body fluids.
D.
They fight osteoporosis by synthesizing vitamin D.
E.
They help control blood pressure.
Question #13
In life threatening starvation, the kidneys synthesize glucose by ________.
A.
secreting erythropoietin
B.
contributing to calcium homeostasis
C.
deaminating amino acids
D.
producing uric acid
E.
secreting renin
Question #14
Assuming all other values are normal, calculate the net filtration pressure in a patient with a drop in capsular hydrostatic pressure to 8 mmHg.
A.
50 mm Hg out
B.
40 mm Hg out
C.
20 mm Hg out
D.
10 mm Hg out
E.
30 mm Hg out
Question #15
The ________ is the site of sperm maturation and storage.
A.
rete testis
B.
spermatic cord
C.
ductus (vas) deferens
D.
seminiferous tubules
E.
epididymis
Question #16
Which of the following is true regarding the blood-testis barrier?
A.
It maintains testis temperature at 37°C.
B.
It maintains testis temperature at 35°C.
C.
It prevents blood from getting to the testes.
D.
It prevents heat loss from the testes.
E.
It prevents antibodies in the blood from getting to the germ cells.
Question #17
The ________ is not an organ of the urinary system.
A.
ureter
B.
urethra
C.
urinary bladder
D.
kidney
E.
liver
Question #18
In ovulation, after expelling the oocyte the follicle becomes a ________ and secretes ________.
A.
corpus albicans; progesterone
B.
corpus luteum; estrogen and progesterone
C.
corpus luteum; FSH and LH
D.
corpus albicans; estrogen and progesterone
E.
corpus albicans; FSH and LH
Question #19
Which of the following is inhibited by testosterone?
A.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion
B.
Libido
C.
Development of secondary sex characteristics
D.
Development of secondary sex organs
E.
Sperm production
Question #20
The ________ innervation of the kidneys reduces urine production, while the function of its ________ innervation is unknown.
A.
central; peripheral
B.
sympathetic; parasympathetic
C.
enteric; somatic
D.
parasympathetic; sympathetic
E.
peripheral; central
Question #21
After puberty, which epithelium lines the vagina?
A.
Stratified squamous epithelium
B.
Simple columnar epithelium
C.
Simple squamous epithelium
D.
Transitional epithelium
E.
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Question #22
Because of the great deal of active transport that occurs here, the ________ of one's nephrons collectively account for about 6% of one's daily resting ATP and caloric consumption.
A.
distal convoluted tubules
B.
collecting ducts
C.
loops of Henle
D.
glomeruli
E.
proximal convoluted tubules
Question #23
In which structure does fertilization usually occur?
A.
Uterus
B.
Urethra
C.
Uterine tube
D.
Urinary bladder
E.
Ovary
Question #24
When it is cold, the ________ contracts and draws the testes closer to the body to keep them warm.
A.
corpus spongiosum
B.
cremaster
C.
corpus cavernosum
D.
perineum
E.
pampiniform plexus
Question #25
What hormone(s) inhibit(s) the secretion of FSH and LH during the female sexual cycle?
A.
GnRH
B.
Estradiol
C.
Androgens
D.
Estradiol and progesterone
E.
Progesterone
Question #26
Why would an enlarged prostate interfere with urination?
A.
It develops calcified deposits that block the urethra.
B.
It produces thicker prostatic secretions that block the urethra.
C.
It compresses the urethra.
D.
It inhibits urine production.
E.
It inhibits the micturition reflex.
Question #27
In meiosis, each parent cell produces ________.
A.
two diploid (2n) cells
B.
haploid (n) cells that are identical to the parent cell
C.
four diploid (2n) cells
D.
four haploid (n) cells
E.
two haploid (n) cells
Question #28
Which of the following is generally accepted as a secondary sex characteristic?
A.
The vagina
B.
The prostate
C.
The uterus
D.
The presence of testes
E.
The enlargement of the breasts
Question #29
The ________ is the small, bilateral organ found lateral to the membranous urethra.
A.
bulbourethral gland
B.
prostate
C.
urethra
D.
ejaculatory duct
E.
seminal vesicle
Question #30
Which of the following would reduce the glomerular filtration rate?
A.
Vasodilation of the afferent arteriole
B.
A drop in oncotic pressure
C.
Vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole
D.
Vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole
E.
An increase in osmotic pressure in the glomerular capsule
Question #31
Which of the following is not true about the anatomy of the urinary system?
A.
The kidneys are retroperitoneal.
B.
The right kidney is located more inferiorly than the left kidney.
C.
The kidneys are at equal heights within the pelvic cavity.
D.
The urethra of males is longer than the urethra of females.
E.
The ureters connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
Question #32
Blood plasma is filtered in the ________.
A.
renal tubule
B.
renal capsule
C.
renal column
D.
renal calyx
E.
renal corpuscle
Question #33
At early puberty, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulate enlargement of the testes.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #34
The transition from an afferent arteriole to an efferent arteriole occurs in the ________.
A.
glomerulus
B.
medulla
C.
cortical radiate veins
D.
vasa recta
E.
peritubular capillaries
Question #35
Which of the following is a direct result of antidiuretic hormone?
A.
Decreased urine molarity
B.
Increased urine salinity
C.
Increased urine acidity
D.
Decreased urine volume
E.
Increased urine volume
Question #36
________ stimulates the interstitial cells of the testes to secrete ________.
A.
Luteinizing hormone (LH); testosterone
B.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); androgen-binding protein (ABP)
C.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH); LH
D.
Luteinizing hormone (LH); estrogen
E.
Luteinizing hormone (LH); androgen-binding protein (ABP)
Question #37
Which of the following is the correct pathway of sperm cells from their formation to ejaculation?
A.
Seminiferous tubule, epididymis, rete testis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
B.
Seminiferous tubule, rete testis, epididymis, ejaculatory duct, urethra, ductus deferens
C.
Seminiferous tubule, epididymis, rete testis, urethra, ejaculatory duct, ductus deferens
D.
Seminiferous tubule, epididymis, rete testis, ejaculatory duct, ductus deferens, urethra
E.
Seminiferous tubule, rete testis, epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
Question #38
Males produce sperm and females produce eggs.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #39
The countercurrent heat exchanger that prevents arterial blood from overheating the testes is the ________.
A.
epididymis
B.
pampiniform plexus of veins
C.
blood-testis barrier
D.
rete testis
E.
scrotal portal system
Question #40
The innermost connective tissue layer protecting the kidney and assisting in staving off infection is known as the ________.
A.
renal medulla
B.
fibrous capsule
C.
perirenal fat capsule
D.
renal fascia
E.
hilum
Question #41
The acrosome contains enzymes used to ________.
A.
penetrate the vagina
B.
dissolve the mucosa of the uterus
C.
penetrate barriers surrounding the ovum
D.
dissolve the stickiness of the semen
E.
dissolve the mucosa of the vagina
Question #42
The penis is homologous to the ________.
A.
urethra
B.
labia minora
C.
clitoris
D.
vagina
E.
mons pubis
Question #43
Hypocalcemia stimulates ________.
A.
vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles
B.
secretion of parathyroid hormone
C.
secretion of renin
D.
a decrease in aldosterone production
E.
an increase in blood urea nitrogen
Question #44
Men have only one ________.
A.
ejaculatory duct
B.
prostate
C.
bulbourethral gland
D.
seminal vesicle
E.
corpus cavernosum
Question #45
Oxytocin stimulates contraction of myoepithelial cell of the mammary acini.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #46
Aldosterone acts on the ________.
A.
distal convoluted tubule
B.
glomerulus
C.
proximal convoluted tubule
D.
descending limb of the nephron loop
E.
medullary portion of the collecting duct
Question #47
Where are follicles located?
A.
Medulla of the ovary
B.
Epithelium of the endometrium
C.
Cortex of the ovary
D.
Center of the ovum
E.
Epithelium of the placenta
Question #48
The ________ muscle is located in the urinary bladder.
A.
corpus spongiosum
B.
pubococcygeus
C.
corpus cavernosum
D.
detrusor
E.
distractor
Question #49
Sexual reproduction entails the union of two gonads to form a zygote
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #50
Which of the following is not a function of the nurse cells?
A.
Their tight junctions form the blood-testis barrier.
B.
They secrete testosterone.
C.
They secrete inhibin.
D.
They protect and support the germ cells.
E.
They secrete androgen-binding protein.
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