Biology 2060 - Anatomy and Physiology II » Summer 2020 » Lecture Exam 4
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Question #1
The ________ is not a portion of the urethra.
A.
internal urethral sphincter
B.
external urethral orifice
C.
membranous urethra
D.
spongy urethra
E.
prostatic urethra
Question #2
The urine is most likely to be hypotonic when the ________.
A.
person is lost and deprived of drinking water
B.
output of antidiuretic hormone is high
C.
output of natriuretic peptides is high
D.
body's water volume is high
E.
body's pH is low
Question #3
What do lutein cells develop from?
A.
The corona radiata
B.
The corpus albicans
C.
The granulosa cells
D.
The corpus luteum
E.
The theca interna
Question #4
The mechanism of stabilizing the GFR based on the tendency of smooth muscle to contract when stretched is known as ________.
A.
sympathetic control
B.
the myogenic mechanism
C.
tubuloglomerular feedback
D.
the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism
E.
renal autoregulation
Question #5
Sperm travels to the ampulla of the ductus deferens before reaching the spermatic cord.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #6
When does oogenesis begin?
A.
During thelarche
B.
At birth
C.
During pubarche
D.
During embryonic development
E.
During menarche
Question #7
Renin hydrolyzes angiotensinogen, which is released from the ________, to form angiotensin I.
A.
heart
B.
lungs
C.
kidneys
D.
spleen
E.
liver
Question #8
Which uterine layer is composed of a simple columnar epithelium containing tubular glands?
A.
Perimetrium
B.
Fimbrium
C.
Cervix
D.
Endometrium
E.
Myometrium
Question #9
A single lobe of a kidney is comprised of ________.
A.
a renal medulla and two renal columns
B.
one major calyx and all of its minor calyces
C.
one pyramid and the overlying cortex
D.
two calyces and a renal pelvis
E.
one collecting duct and all nephrons that drain into it
Question #10
Which of the following correctly traces blood flow from the renal artery into the renal cortex?
A.
Interlobar a. → interlobular a. → segmental a. → arcuate a.
B.
Afferent arteriole → interlobular a. → arcuate a. → interlobar a.
C.
Segmental a. → interlobar a. →arcuate a. → interlobular a.
D.
Arcuate a. → interlobar a. → afferent arteriole → interlobular a.
E.
Segmental a. → arcuate a. → interlobar a. → interlobular a.
Question #11
The deep region of the penis, surrounding the urethra, that engorges with blood during an erection is known as the ________.
A.
corpus cavernosum
B.
ductus (vas) deferens
C.
corpus spongiosum
D.
scrotum
E.
epididymis
Question #12
Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?
A.
They regulate osmolarity of the body fluids.
B.
They release waste into the bloodstream.
C.
They help control blood pressure.
D.
They indirectly increase oxyhemoglobin.
E.
They fight osteoporosis by synthesizing vitamin D.
Question #13
In life threatening starvation, the kidneys synthesize glucose by ________.
A.
contributing to calcium homeostasis
B.
secreting erythropoietin
C.
secreting renin
D.
producing uric acid
E.
deaminating amino acids
Question #14
Assuming all other values are normal, calculate the net filtration pressure in a patient with a drop in capsular hydrostatic pressure to 8 mmHg.
A.
10 mm Hg out
B.
30 mm Hg out
C.
20 mm Hg out
D.
50 mm Hg out
E.
40 mm Hg out
Question #15
The ________ is the site of sperm maturation and storage.
A.
rete testis
B.
spermatic cord
C.
epididymis
D.
seminiferous tubules
E.
ductus (vas) deferens
Question #16
Which of the following is true regarding the blood-testis barrier?
A.
It prevents heat loss from the testes.
B.
It prevents blood from getting to the testes.
C.
It maintains testis temperature at 37°C.
D.
It prevents antibodies in the blood from getting to the germ cells.
E.
It maintains testis temperature at 35°C.
Question #17
The ________ is not an organ of the urinary system.
A.
urethra
B.
kidney
C.
urinary bladder
D.
ureter
E.
liver
Question #18
In ovulation, after expelling the oocyte the follicle becomes a ________ and secretes ________.
A.
corpus albicans; progesterone
B.
corpus albicans; FSH and LH
C.
corpus albicans; estrogen and progesterone
D.
corpus luteum; estrogen and progesterone
E.
corpus luteum; FSH and LH
Question #19
Which of the following is inhibited by testosterone?
A.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion
B.
Libido
C.
Development of secondary sex characteristics
D.
Sperm production
E.
Development of secondary sex organs
Question #20
The ________ innervation of the kidneys reduces urine production, while the function of its ________ innervation is unknown.
A.
parasympathetic; sympathetic
B.
sympathetic; parasympathetic
C.
enteric; somatic
D.
peripheral; central
E.
central; peripheral
Question #21
After puberty, which epithelium lines the vagina?
A.
Transitional epithelium
B.
Stratified squamous epithelium
C.
Simple columnar epithelium
D.
Simple cuboidal epithelium
E.
Simple squamous epithelium
Question #22
Because of the great deal of active transport that occurs here, the ________ of one's nephrons collectively account for about 6% of one's daily resting ATP and caloric consumption.
A.
collecting ducts
B.
loops of Henle
C.
glomeruli
D.
proximal convoluted tubules
E.
distal convoluted tubules
Question #23
In which structure does fertilization usually occur?
A.
Urethra
B.
Uterus
C.
Ovary
D.
Urinary bladder
E.
Uterine tube
Question #24
When it is cold, the ________ contracts and draws the testes closer to the body to keep them warm.
A.
corpus spongiosum
B.
perineum
C.
corpus cavernosum
D.
pampiniform plexus
E.
cremaster
Question #25
What hormone(s) inhibit(s) the secretion of FSH and LH during the female sexual cycle?
A.
Progesterone
B.
GnRH
C.
Androgens
D.
Estradiol
E.
Estradiol and progesterone
Question #26
Why would an enlarged prostate interfere with urination?
A.
It compresses the urethra.
B.
It inhibits urine production.
C.
It develops calcified deposits that block the urethra.
D.
It produces thicker prostatic secretions that block the urethra.
E.
It inhibits the micturition reflex.
Question #27
In meiosis, each parent cell produces ________.
A.
four diploid (2n) cells
B.
four haploid (n) cells
C.
two diploid (2n) cells
D.
two haploid (n) cells
E.
haploid (n) cells that are identical to the parent cell
Question #28
Which of the following is generally accepted as a secondary sex characteristic?
A.
The uterus
B.
The enlargement of the breasts
C.
The prostate
D.
The presence of testes
E.
The vagina
Question #29
The ________ is the small, bilateral organ found lateral to the membranous urethra.
A.
ejaculatory duct
B.
prostate
C.
seminal vesicle
D.
urethra
E.
bulbourethral gland
Question #30
Which of the following would reduce the glomerular filtration rate?
A.
Vasodilation of the afferent arteriole
B.
Vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole
C.
A drop in oncotic pressure
D.
Vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole
E.
An increase in osmotic pressure in the glomerular capsule
Question #31
Which of the following is not true about the anatomy of the urinary system?
A.
The kidneys are retroperitoneal.
B.
The ureters connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
C.
The urethra of males is longer than the urethra of females.
D.
The right kidney is located more inferiorly than the left kidney.
E.
The kidneys are at equal heights within the pelvic cavity.
Question #32
Blood plasma is filtered in the ________.
A.
renal capsule
B.
renal calyx
C.
renal column
D.
renal corpuscle
E.
renal tubule
Question #33
At early puberty, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulate enlargement of the testes.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #34
The transition from an afferent arteriole to an efferent arteriole occurs in the ________.
A.
medulla
B.
peritubular capillaries
C.
glomerulus
D.
vasa recta
E.
cortical radiate veins
Question #35
Which of the following is a direct result of antidiuretic hormone?
A.
Increased urine acidity
B.
Decreased urine molarity
C.
Increased urine volume
D.
Decreased urine volume
E.
Increased urine salinity
Question #36
________ stimulates the interstitial cells of the testes to secrete ________.
A.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH); LH
B.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); androgen-binding protein (ABP)
C.
Luteinizing hormone (LH); androgen-binding protein (ABP)
D.
Luteinizing hormone (LH); estrogen
E.
Luteinizing hormone (LH); testosterone
Question #37
Which of the following is the correct pathway of sperm cells from their formation to ejaculation?
A.
Seminiferous tubule, epididymis, rete testis, ejaculatory duct, ductus deferens, urethra
B.
Seminiferous tubule, epididymis, rete testis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
C.
Seminiferous tubule, epididymis, rete testis, urethra, ejaculatory duct, ductus deferens
D.
Seminiferous tubule, rete testis, epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
E.
Seminiferous tubule, rete testis, epididymis, ejaculatory duct, urethra, ductus deferens
Question #38
Males produce sperm and females produce eggs.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #39
The countercurrent heat exchanger that prevents arterial blood from overheating the testes is the ________.
A.
pampiniform plexus of veins
B.
blood-testis barrier
C.
epididymis
D.
scrotal portal system
E.
rete testis
Question #40
The innermost connective tissue layer protecting the kidney and assisting in staving off infection is known as the ________.
A.
renal fascia
B.
perirenal fat capsule
C.
renal medulla
D.
hilum
E.
fibrous capsule
Question #41
The acrosome contains enzymes used to ________.
A.
dissolve the mucosa of the uterus
B.
penetrate the vagina
C.
penetrate barriers surrounding the ovum
D.
dissolve the stickiness of the semen
E.
dissolve the mucosa of the vagina
Question #42
The penis is homologous to the ________.
A.
vagina
B.
mons pubis
C.
clitoris
D.
urethra
E.
labia minora
Question #43
Hypocalcemia stimulates ________.
A.
vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles
B.
secretion of parathyroid hormone
C.
a decrease in aldosterone production
D.
an increase in blood urea nitrogen
E.
secretion of renin
Question #44
Men have only one ________.
A.
corpus cavernosum
B.
ejaculatory duct
C.
bulbourethral gland
D.
prostate
E.
seminal vesicle
Question #45
Oxytocin stimulates contraction of myoepithelial cell of the mammary acini.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #46
Aldosterone acts on the ________.
A.
glomerulus
B.
proximal convoluted tubule
C.
distal convoluted tubule
D.
descending limb of the nephron loop
E.
medullary portion of the collecting duct
Question #47
Where are follicles located?
A.
Medulla of the ovary
B.
Epithelium of the endometrium
C.
Epithelium of the placenta
D.
Center of the ovum
E.
Cortex of the ovary
Question #48
The ________ muscle is located in the urinary bladder.
A.
pubococcygeus
B.
corpus cavernosum
C.
corpus spongiosum
D.
detrusor
E.
distractor
Question #49
Sexual reproduction entails the union of two gonads to form a zygote
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #50
Which of the following is not a function of the nurse cells?
A.
They secrete testosterone.
B.
They secrete androgen-binding protein.
C.
Their tight junctions form the blood-testis barrier.
D.
They secrete inhibin.
E.
They protect and support the germ cells.
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