Biology 2060 - Anatomy and Physiology II » Summer 2020 » Lecture Exam 4
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Question #1
The ________ is not a portion of the urethra.
A.
external urethral orifice
B.
membranous urethra
C.
prostatic urethra
D.
internal urethral sphincter
E.
spongy urethra
Question #2
The urine is most likely to be hypotonic when the ________.
A.
output of antidiuretic hormone is high
B.
body's pH is low
C.
person is lost and deprived of drinking water
D.
output of natriuretic peptides is high
E.
body's water volume is high
Question #3
What do lutein cells develop from?
A.
The corona radiata
B.
The granulosa cells
C.
The corpus albicans
D.
The theca interna
E.
The corpus luteum
Question #4
The mechanism of stabilizing the GFR based on the tendency of smooth muscle to contract when stretched is known as ________.
A.
the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism
B.
tubuloglomerular feedback
C.
renal autoregulation
D.
sympathetic control
E.
the myogenic mechanism
Question #5
Sperm travels to the ampulla of the ductus deferens before reaching the spermatic cord.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #6
When does oogenesis begin?
A.
During menarche
B.
At birth
C.
During embryonic development
D.
During pubarche
E.
During thelarche
Question #7
Renin hydrolyzes angiotensinogen, which is released from the ________, to form angiotensin I.
A.
kidneys
B.
liver
C.
lungs
D.
heart
E.
spleen
Question #8
Which uterine layer is composed of a simple columnar epithelium containing tubular glands?
A.
Perimetrium
B.
Fimbrium
C.
Cervix
D.
Endometrium
E.
Myometrium
Question #9
A single lobe of a kidney is comprised of ________.
A.
two calyces and a renal pelvis
B.
one collecting duct and all nephrons that drain into it
C.
one pyramid and the overlying cortex
D.
one major calyx and all of its minor calyces
E.
a renal medulla and two renal columns
Question #10
Which of the following correctly traces blood flow from the renal artery into the renal cortex?
A.
Arcuate a. → interlobar a. → afferent arteriole → interlobular a.
B.
Segmental a. → arcuate a. → interlobar a. → interlobular a.
C.
Segmental a. → interlobar a. →arcuate a. → interlobular a.
D.
Interlobar a. → interlobular a. → segmental a. → arcuate a.
E.
Afferent arteriole → interlobular a. → arcuate a. → interlobar a.
Question #11
The deep region of the penis, surrounding the urethra, that engorges with blood during an erection is known as the ________.
A.
scrotum
B.
corpus spongiosum
C.
corpus cavernosum
D.
ductus (vas) deferens
E.
epididymis
Question #12
Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?
A.
They release waste into the bloodstream.
B.
They indirectly increase oxyhemoglobin.
C.
They fight osteoporosis by synthesizing vitamin D.
D.
They help control blood pressure.
E.
They regulate osmolarity of the body fluids.
Question #13
In life threatening starvation, the kidneys synthesize glucose by ________.
A.
deaminating amino acids
B.
secreting erythropoietin
C.
producing uric acid
D.
secreting renin
E.
contributing to calcium homeostasis
Question #14
Assuming all other values are normal, calculate the net filtration pressure in a patient with a drop in capsular hydrostatic pressure to 8 mmHg.
A.
10 mm Hg out
B.
40 mm Hg out
C.
30 mm Hg out
D.
20 mm Hg out
E.
50 mm Hg out
Question #15
The ________ is the site of sperm maturation and storage.
A.
ductus (vas) deferens
B.
seminiferous tubules
C.
spermatic cord
D.
rete testis
E.
epididymis
Question #16
Which of the following is true regarding the blood-testis barrier?
A.
It maintains testis temperature at 37°C.
B.
It prevents blood from getting to the testes.
C.
It prevents antibodies in the blood from getting to the germ cells.
D.
It prevents heat loss from the testes.
E.
It maintains testis temperature at 35°C.
Question #17
The ________ is not an organ of the urinary system.
A.
urethra
B.
ureter
C.
urinary bladder
D.
kidney
E.
liver
Question #18
In ovulation, after expelling the oocyte the follicle becomes a ________ and secretes ________.
A.
corpus luteum; FSH and LH
B.
corpus luteum; estrogen and progesterone
C.
corpus albicans; FSH and LH
D.
corpus albicans; estrogen and progesterone
E.
corpus albicans; progesterone
Question #19
Which of the following is inhibited by testosterone?
A.
Libido
B.
Sperm production
C.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion
D.
Development of secondary sex organs
E.
Development of secondary sex characteristics
Question #20
The ________ innervation of the kidneys reduces urine production, while the function of its ________ innervation is unknown.
A.
sympathetic; parasympathetic
B.
central; peripheral
C.
peripheral; central
D.
enteric; somatic
E.
parasympathetic; sympathetic
Question #21
After puberty, which epithelium lines the vagina?
A.
Stratified squamous epithelium
B.
Simple columnar epithelium
C.
Transitional epithelium
D.
Simple squamous epithelium
E.
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Question #22
Because of the great deal of active transport that occurs here, the ________ of one's nephrons collectively account for about 6% of one's daily resting ATP and caloric consumption.
A.
distal convoluted tubules
B.
loops of Henle
C.
proximal convoluted tubules
D.
collecting ducts
E.
glomeruli
Question #23
In which structure does fertilization usually occur?
A.
Urethra
B.
Uterine tube
C.
Uterus
D.
Ovary
E.
Urinary bladder
Question #24
When it is cold, the ________ contracts and draws the testes closer to the body to keep them warm.
A.
cremaster
B.
corpus cavernosum
C.
pampiniform plexus
D.
perineum
E.
corpus spongiosum
Question #25
What hormone(s) inhibit(s) the secretion of FSH and LH during the female sexual cycle?
A.
Progesterone
B.
Estradiol
C.
Androgens
D.
GnRH
E.
Estradiol and progesterone
Question #26
Why would an enlarged prostate interfere with urination?
A.
It produces thicker prostatic secretions that block the urethra.
B.
It develops calcified deposits that block the urethra.
C.
It inhibits urine production.
D.
It compresses the urethra.
E.
It inhibits the micturition reflex.
Question #27
In meiosis, each parent cell produces ________.
A.
haploid (n) cells that are identical to the parent cell
B.
four diploid (2n) cells
C.
four haploid (n) cells
D.
two diploid (2n) cells
E.
two haploid (n) cells
Question #28
Which of the following is generally accepted as a secondary sex characteristic?
A.
The uterus
B.
The presence of testes
C.
The prostate
D.
The enlargement of the breasts
E.
The vagina
Question #29
The ________ is the small, bilateral organ found lateral to the membranous urethra.
A.
ejaculatory duct
B.
bulbourethral gland
C.
prostate
D.
urethra
E.
seminal vesicle
Question #30
Which of the following would reduce the glomerular filtration rate?
A.
Vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole
B.
Vasodilation of the afferent arteriole
C.
A drop in oncotic pressure
D.
Vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole
E.
An increase in osmotic pressure in the glomerular capsule
Question #31
Which of the following is not true about the anatomy of the urinary system?
A.
The right kidney is located more inferiorly than the left kidney.
B.
The urethra of males is longer than the urethra of females.
C.
The kidneys are retroperitoneal.
D.
The kidneys are at equal heights within the pelvic cavity.
E.
The ureters connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
Question #32
Blood plasma is filtered in the ________.
A.
renal calyx
B.
renal tubule
C.
renal corpuscle
D.
renal column
E.
renal capsule
Question #33
At early puberty, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulate enlargement of the testes.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #34
The transition from an afferent arteriole to an efferent arteriole occurs in the ________.
A.
glomerulus
B.
vasa recta
C.
medulla
D.
cortical radiate veins
E.
peritubular capillaries
Question #35
Which of the following is a direct result of antidiuretic hormone?
A.
Decreased urine volume
B.
Increased urine volume
C.
Increased urine acidity
D.
Increased urine salinity
E.
Decreased urine molarity
Question #36
________ stimulates the interstitial cells of the testes to secrete ________.
A.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); androgen-binding protein (ABP)
B.
Luteinizing hormone (LH); androgen-binding protein (ABP)
C.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH); LH
D.
Luteinizing hormone (LH); testosterone
E.
Luteinizing hormone (LH); estrogen
Question #37
Which of the following is the correct pathway of sperm cells from their formation to ejaculation?
A.
Seminiferous tubule, rete testis, epididymis, ejaculatory duct, urethra, ductus deferens
B.
Seminiferous tubule, epididymis, rete testis, urethra, ejaculatory duct, ductus deferens
C.
Seminiferous tubule, rete testis, epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
D.
Seminiferous tubule, epididymis, rete testis, ejaculatory duct, ductus deferens, urethra
E.
Seminiferous tubule, epididymis, rete testis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
Question #38
Males produce sperm and females produce eggs.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #39
The countercurrent heat exchanger that prevents arterial blood from overheating the testes is the ________.
A.
epididymis
B.
rete testis
C.
scrotal portal system
D.
blood-testis barrier
E.
pampiniform plexus of veins
Question #40
The innermost connective tissue layer protecting the kidney and assisting in staving off infection is known as the ________.
A.
perirenal fat capsule
B.
renal medulla
C.
hilum
D.
fibrous capsule
E.
renal fascia
Question #41
The acrosome contains enzymes used to ________.
A.
dissolve the mucosa of the uterus
B.
dissolve the mucosa of the vagina
C.
penetrate barriers surrounding the ovum
D.
dissolve the stickiness of the semen
E.
penetrate the vagina
Question #42
The penis is homologous to the ________.
A.
labia minora
B.
urethra
C.
vagina
D.
mons pubis
E.
clitoris
Question #43
Hypocalcemia stimulates ________.
A.
secretion of renin
B.
an increase in blood urea nitrogen
C.
secretion of parathyroid hormone
D.
a decrease in aldosterone production
E.
vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles
Question #44
Men have only one ________.
A.
seminal vesicle
B.
corpus cavernosum
C.
prostate
D.
bulbourethral gland
E.
ejaculatory duct
Question #45
Oxytocin stimulates contraction of myoepithelial cell of the mammary acini.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #46
Aldosterone acts on the ________.
A.
descending limb of the nephron loop
B.
medullary portion of the collecting duct
C.
distal convoluted tubule
D.
glomerulus
E.
proximal convoluted tubule
Question #47
Where are follicles located?
A.
Cortex of the ovary
B.
Epithelium of the endometrium
C.
Epithelium of the placenta
D.
Center of the ovum
E.
Medulla of the ovary
Question #48
The ________ muscle is located in the urinary bladder.
A.
corpus spongiosum
B.
distractor
C.
detrusor
D.
pubococcygeus
E.
corpus cavernosum
Question #49
Sexual reproduction entails the union of two gonads to form a zygote
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #50
Which of the following is not a function of the nurse cells?
A.
They secrete inhibin.
B.
They secrete androgen-binding protein.
C.
They secrete testosterone.
D.
They protect and support the germ cells.
E.
Their tight junctions form the blood-testis barrier.
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