Biology 2060 - Anatomy and Physiology II » Summer 2020 » Lecture Exam 4
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Question #1
The ________ is not a portion of the urethra.
A.
external urethral orifice
B.
spongy urethra
C.
internal urethral sphincter
D.
membranous urethra
E.
prostatic urethra
Question #2
The urine is most likely to be hypotonic when the ________.
A.
output of antidiuretic hormone is high
B.
person is lost and deprived of drinking water
C.
output of natriuretic peptides is high
D.
body's pH is low
E.
body's water volume is high
Question #3
What do lutein cells develop from?
A.
The corpus albicans
B.
The granulosa cells
C.
The corona radiata
D.
The theca interna
E.
The corpus luteum
Question #4
The mechanism of stabilizing the GFR based on the tendency of smooth muscle to contract when stretched is known as ________.
A.
the myogenic mechanism
B.
sympathetic control
C.
tubuloglomerular feedback
D.
renal autoregulation
E.
the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism
Question #5
Sperm travels to the ampulla of the ductus deferens before reaching the spermatic cord.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #6
When does oogenesis begin?
A.
During embryonic development
B.
At birth
C.
During pubarche
D.
During thelarche
E.
During menarche
Question #7
Renin hydrolyzes angiotensinogen, which is released from the ________, to form angiotensin I.
A.
spleen
B.
kidneys
C.
heart
D.
lungs
E.
liver
Question #8
Which uterine layer is composed of a simple columnar epithelium containing tubular glands?
A.
Cervix
B.
Endometrium
C.
Perimetrium
D.
Myometrium
E.
Fimbrium
Question #9
A single lobe of a kidney is comprised of ________.
A.
one pyramid and the overlying cortex
B.
a renal medulla and two renal columns
C.
one collecting duct and all nephrons that drain into it
D.
one major calyx and all of its minor calyces
E.
two calyces and a renal pelvis
Question #10
Which of the following correctly traces blood flow from the renal artery into the renal cortex?
A.
Arcuate a. → interlobar a. → afferent arteriole → interlobular a.
B.
Afferent arteriole → interlobular a. → arcuate a. → interlobar a.
C.
Segmental a. → arcuate a. → interlobar a. → interlobular a.
D.
Segmental a. → interlobar a. →arcuate a. → interlobular a.
E.
Interlobar a. → interlobular a. → segmental a. → arcuate a.
Question #11
The deep region of the penis, surrounding the urethra, that engorges with blood during an erection is known as the ________.
A.
scrotum
B.
epididymis
C.
corpus spongiosum
D.
corpus cavernosum
E.
ductus (vas) deferens
Question #12
Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?
A.
They help control blood pressure.
B.
They indirectly increase oxyhemoglobin.
C.
They fight osteoporosis by synthesizing vitamin D.
D.
They regulate osmolarity of the body fluids.
E.
They release waste into the bloodstream.
Question #13
In life threatening starvation, the kidneys synthesize glucose by ________.
A.
secreting renin
B.
secreting erythropoietin
C.
deaminating amino acids
D.
contributing to calcium homeostasis
E.
producing uric acid
Question #14
Assuming all other values are normal, calculate the net filtration pressure in a patient with a drop in capsular hydrostatic pressure to 8 mmHg.
A.
40 mm Hg out
B.
50 mm Hg out
C.
20 mm Hg out
D.
30 mm Hg out
E.
10 mm Hg out
Question #15
The ________ is the site of sperm maturation and storage.
A.
rete testis
B.
epididymis
C.
ductus (vas) deferens
D.
spermatic cord
E.
seminiferous tubules
Question #16
Which of the following is true regarding the blood-testis barrier?
A.
It maintains testis temperature at 37°C.
B.
It prevents blood from getting to the testes.
C.
It maintains testis temperature at 35°C.
D.
It prevents heat loss from the testes.
E.
It prevents antibodies in the blood from getting to the germ cells.
Question #17
The ________ is not an organ of the urinary system.
A.
urethra
B.
kidney
C.
liver
D.
ureter
E.
urinary bladder
Question #18
In ovulation, after expelling the oocyte the follicle becomes a ________ and secretes ________.
A.
corpus luteum; estrogen and progesterone
B.
corpus luteum; FSH and LH
C.
corpus albicans; FSH and LH
D.
corpus albicans; estrogen and progesterone
E.
corpus albicans; progesterone
Question #19
Which of the following is inhibited by testosterone?
A.
Development of secondary sex organs
B.
Sperm production
C.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion
D.
Development of secondary sex characteristics
E.
Libido
Question #20
The ________ innervation of the kidneys reduces urine production, while the function of its ________ innervation is unknown.
A.
central; peripheral
B.
sympathetic; parasympathetic
C.
parasympathetic; sympathetic
D.
enteric; somatic
E.
peripheral; central
Question #21
After puberty, which epithelium lines the vagina?
A.
Simple columnar epithelium
B.
Simple squamous epithelium
C.
Simple cuboidal epithelium
D.
Stratified squamous epithelium
E.
Transitional epithelium
Question #22
Because of the great deal of active transport that occurs here, the ________ of one's nephrons collectively account for about 6% of one's daily resting ATP and caloric consumption.
A.
loops of Henle
B.
glomeruli
C.
collecting ducts
D.
proximal convoluted tubules
E.
distal convoluted tubules
Question #23
In which structure does fertilization usually occur?
A.
Urinary bladder
B.
Ovary
C.
Uterine tube
D.
Uterus
E.
Urethra
Question #24
When it is cold, the ________ contracts and draws the testes closer to the body to keep them warm.
A.
corpus spongiosum
B.
pampiniform plexus
C.
corpus cavernosum
D.
perineum
E.
cremaster
Question #25
What hormone(s) inhibit(s) the secretion of FSH and LH during the female sexual cycle?
A.
Progesterone
B.
Androgens
C.
Estradiol and progesterone
D.
GnRH
E.
Estradiol
Question #26
Why would an enlarged prostate interfere with urination?
A.
It develops calcified deposits that block the urethra.
B.
It inhibits the micturition reflex.
C.
It inhibits urine production.
D.
It compresses the urethra.
E.
It produces thicker prostatic secretions that block the urethra.
Question #27
In meiosis, each parent cell produces ________.
A.
four haploid (n) cells
B.
two haploid (n) cells
C.
two diploid (2n) cells
D.
haploid (n) cells that are identical to the parent cell
E.
four diploid (2n) cells
Question #28
Which of the following is generally accepted as a secondary sex characteristic?
A.
The uterus
B.
The presence of testes
C.
The enlargement of the breasts
D.
The vagina
E.
The prostate
Question #29
The ________ is the small, bilateral organ found lateral to the membranous urethra.
A.
prostate
B.
bulbourethral gland
C.
urethra
D.
ejaculatory duct
E.
seminal vesicle
Question #30
Which of the following would reduce the glomerular filtration rate?
A.
Vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole
B.
Vasodilation of the afferent arteriole
C.
A drop in oncotic pressure
D.
Vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole
E.
An increase in osmotic pressure in the glomerular capsule
Question #31
Which of the following is not true about the anatomy of the urinary system?
A.
The right kidney is located more inferiorly than the left kidney.
B.
The urethra of males is longer than the urethra of females.
C.
The kidneys are at equal heights within the pelvic cavity.
D.
The ureters connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
E.
The kidneys are retroperitoneal.
Question #32
Blood plasma is filtered in the ________.
A.
renal tubule
B.
renal corpuscle
C.
renal capsule
D.
renal calyx
E.
renal column
Question #33
At early puberty, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulate enlargement of the testes.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #34
The transition from an afferent arteriole to an efferent arteriole occurs in the ________.
A.
cortical radiate veins
B.
glomerulus
C.
medulla
D.
peritubular capillaries
E.
vasa recta
Question #35
Which of the following is a direct result of antidiuretic hormone?
A.
Increased urine salinity
B.
Increased urine acidity
C.
Decreased urine molarity
D.
Increased urine volume
E.
Decreased urine volume
Question #36
________ stimulates the interstitial cells of the testes to secrete ________.
A.
Luteinizing hormone (LH); testosterone
B.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH); LH
C.
Luteinizing hormone (LH); androgen-binding protein (ABP)
D.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); androgen-binding protein (ABP)
E.
Luteinizing hormone (LH); estrogen
Question #37
Which of the following is the correct pathway of sperm cells from their formation to ejaculation?
A.
Seminiferous tubule, rete testis, epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
B.
Seminiferous tubule, epididymis, rete testis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
C.
Seminiferous tubule, rete testis, epididymis, ejaculatory duct, urethra, ductus deferens
D.
Seminiferous tubule, epididymis, rete testis, urethra, ejaculatory duct, ductus deferens
E.
Seminiferous tubule, epididymis, rete testis, ejaculatory duct, ductus deferens, urethra
Question #38
Males produce sperm and females produce eggs.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #39
The countercurrent heat exchanger that prevents arterial blood from overheating the testes is the ________.
A.
pampiniform plexus of veins
B.
epididymis
C.
rete testis
D.
blood-testis barrier
E.
scrotal portal system
Question #40
The innermost connective tissue layer protecting the kidney and assisting in staving off infection is known as the ________.
A.
perirenal fat capsule
B.
fibrous capsule
C.
hilum
D.
renal medulla
E.
renal fascia
Question #41
The acrosome contains enzymes used to ________.
A.
penetrate the vagina
B.
penetrate barriers surrounding the ovum
C.
dissolve the mucosa of the uterus
D.
dissolve the mucosa of the vagina
E.
dissolve the stickiness of the semen
Question #42
The penis is homologous to the ________.
A.
urethra
B.
clitoris
C.
vagina
D.
mons pubis
E.
labia minora
Question #43
Hypocalcemia stimulates ________.
A.
vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles
B.
secretion of renin
C.
a decrease in aldosterone production
D.
an increase in blood urea nitrogen
E.
secretion of parathyroid hormone
Question #44
Men have only one ________.
A.
seminal vesicle
B.
ejaculatory duct
C.
prostate
D.
corpus cavernosum
E.
bulbourethral gland
Question #45
Oxytocin stimulates contraction of myoepithelial cell of the mammary acini.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #46
Aldosterone acts on the ________.
A.
descending limb of the nephron loop
B.
proximal convoluted tubule
C.
medullary portion of the collecting duct
D.
glomerulus
E.
distal convoluted tubule
Question #47
Where are follicles located?
A.
Medulla of the ovary
B.
Center of the ovum
C.
Epithelium of the endometrium
D.
Epithelium of the placenta
E.
Cortex of the ovary
Question #48
The ________ muscle is located in the urinary bladder.
A.
corpus cavernosum
B.
distractor
C.
detrusor
D.
corpus spongiosum
E.
pubococcygeus
Question #49
Sexual reproduction entails the union of two gonads to form a zygote
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #50
Which of the following is not a function of the nurse cells?
A.
They secrete testosterone.
B.
They secrete inhibin.
C.
They secrete androgen-binding protein.
D.
They protect and support the germ cells.
E.
Their tight junctions form the blood-testis barrier.
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