Biology 2060 - Anatomy and Physiology II » Summer 2020 » Lecture Exam 4
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Question #1
The ________ is not a portion of the urethra.
A.
external urethral orifice
B.
membranous urethra
C.
internal urethral sphincter
D.
spongy urethra
E.
prostatic urethra
Question #2
The urine is most likely to be hypotonic when the ________.
A.
output of antidiuretic hormone is high
B.
body's pH is low
C.
body's water volume is high
D.
person is lost and deprived of drinking water
E.
output of natriuretic peptides is high
Question #3
What do lutein cells develop from?
A.
The corpus albicans
B.
The corona radiata
C.
The theca interna
D.
The granulosa cells
E.
The corpus luteum
Question #4
The mechanism of stabilizing the GFR based on the tendency of smooth muscle to contract when stretched is known as ________.
A.
renal autoregulation
B.
sympathetic control
C.
the myogenic mechanism
D.
tubuloglomerular feedback
E.
the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism
Question #5
Sperm travels to the ampulla of the ductus deferens before reaching the spermatic cord.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #6
When does oogenesis begin?
A.
During menarche
B.
During embryonic development
C.
During pubarche
D.
During thelarche
E.
At birth
Question #7
Renin hydrolyzes angiotensinogen, which is released from the ________, to form angiotensin I.
A.
liver
B.
kidneys
C.
lungs
D.
heart
E.
spleen
Question #8
Which uterine layer is composed of a simple columnar epithelium containing tubular glands?
A.
Fimbrium
B.
Cervix
C.
Perimetrium
D.
Myometrium
E.
Endometrium
Question #9
A single lobe of a kidney is comprised of ________.
A.
a renal medulla and two renal columns
B.
one major calyx and all of its minor calyces
C.
one collecting duct and all nephrons that drain into it
D.
one pyramid and the overlying cortex
E.
two calyces and a renal pelvis
Question #10
Which of the following correctly traces blood flow from the renal artery into the renal cortex?
A.
Arcuate a. → interlobar a. → afferent arteriole → interlobular a.
B.
Segmental a. → interlobar a. →arcuate a. → interlobular a.
C.
Afferent arteriole → interlobular a. → arcuate a. → interlobar a.
D.
Interlobar a. → interlobular a. → segmental a. → arcuate a.
E.
Segmental a. → arcuate a. → interlobar a. → interlobular a.
Question #11
The deep region of the penis, surrounding the urethra, that engorges with blood during an erection is known as the ________.
A.
corpus cavernosum
B.
ductus (vas) deferens
C.
scrotum
D.
corpus spongiosum
E.
epididymis
Question #12
Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?
A.
They help control blood pressure.
B.
They fight osteoporosis by synthesizing vitamin D.
C.
They regulate osmolarity of the body fluids.
D.
They release waste into the bloodstream.
E.
They indirectly increase oxyhemoglobin.
Question #13
In life threatening starvation, the kidneys synthesize glucose by ________.
A.
secreting renin
B.
secreting erythropoietin
C.
producing uric acid
D.
contributing to calcium homeostasis
E.
deaminating amino acids
Question #14
Assuming all other values are normal, calculate the net filtration pressure in a patient with a drop in capsular hydrostatic pressure to 8 mmHg.
A.
30 mm Hg out
B.
10 mm Hg out
C.
20 mm Hg out
D.
50 mm Hg out
E.
40 mm Hg out
Question #15
The ________ is the site of sperm maturation and storage.
A.
spermatic cord
B.
epididymis
C.
rete testis
D.
seminiferous tubules
E.
ductus (vas) deferens
Question #16
Which of the following is true regarding the blood-testis barrier?
A.
It prevents antibodies in the blood from getting to the germ cells.
B.
It prevents blood from getting to the testes.
C.
It maintains testis temperature at 37°C.
D.
It maintains testis temperature at 35°C.
E.
It prevents heat loss from the testes.
Question #17
The ________ is not an organ of the urinary system.
A.
urethra
B.
liver
C.
urinary bladder
D.
ureter
E.
kidney
Question #18
In ovulation, after expelling the oocyte the follicle becomes a ________ and secretes ________.
A.
corpus albicans; FSH and LH
B.
corpus luteum; estrogen and progesterone
C.
corpus albicans; progesterone
D.
corpus luteum; FSH and LH
E.
corpus albicans; estrogen and progesterone
Question #19
Which of the following is inhibited by testosterone?
A.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion
B.
Development of secondary sex characteristics
C.
Libido
D.
Sperm production
E.
Development of secondary sex organs
Question #20
The ________ innervation of the kidneys reduces urine production, while the function of its ________ innervation is unknown.
A.
enteric; somatic
B.
peripheral; central
C.
parasympathetic; sympathetic
D.
sympathetic; parasympathetic
E.
central; peripheral
Question #21
After puberty, which epithelium lines the vagina?
A.
Simple cuboidal epithelium
B.
Transitional epithelium
C.
Simple squamous epithelium
D.
Simple columnar epithelium
E.
Stratified squamous epithelium
Question #22
Because of the great deal of active transport that occurs here, the ________ of one's nephrons collectively account for about 6% of one's daily resting ATP and caloric consumption.
A.
proximal convoluted tubules
B.
distal convoluted tubules
C.
loops of Henle
D.
collecting ducts
E.
glomeruli
Question #23
In which structure does fertilization usually occur?
A.
Urethra
B.
Uterus
C.
Ovary
D.
Uterine tube
E.
Urinary bladder
Question #24
When it is cold, the ________ contracts and draws the testes closer to the body to keep them warm.
A.
perineum
B.
pampiniform plexus
C.
cremaster
D.
corpus cavernosum
E.
corpus spongiosum
Question #25
What hormone(s) inhibit(s) the secretion of FSH and LH during the female sexual cycle?
A.
Progesterone
B.
Androgens
C.
Estradiol and progesterone
D.
GnRH
E.
Estradiol
Question #26
Why would an enlarged prostate interfere with urination?
A.
It compresses the urethra.
B.
It produces thicker prostatic secretions that block the urethra.
C.
It develops calcified deposits that block the urethra.
D.
It inhibits urine production.
E.
It inhibits the micturition reflex.
Question #27
In meiosis, each parent cell produces ________.
A.
haploid (n) cells that are identical to the parent cell
B.
two diploid (2n) cells
C.
four diploid (2n) cells
D.
four haploid (n) cells
E.
two haploid (n) cells
Question #28
Which of the following is generally accepted as a secondary sex characteristic?
A.
The vagina
B.
The presence of testes
C.
The uterus
D.
The prostate
E.
The enlargement of the breasts
Question #29
The ________ is the small, bilateral organ found lateral to the membranous urethra.
A.
urethra
B.
seminal vesicle
C.
prostate
D.
bulbourethral gland
E.
ejaculatory duct
Question #30
Which of the following would reduce the glomerular filtration rate?
A.
Vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole
B.
An increase in osmotic pressure in the glomerular capsule
C.
Vasodilation of the afferent arteriole
D.
Vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole
E.
A drop in oncotic pressure
Question #31
Which of the following is not true about the anatomy of the urinary system?
A.
The kidneys are at equal heights within the pelvic cavity.
B.
The urethra of males is longer than the urethra of females.
C.
The right kidney is located more inferiorly than the left kidney.
D.
The kidneys are retroperitoneal.
E.
The ureters connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
Question #32
Blood plasma is filtered in the ________.
A.
renal column
B.
renal calyx
C.
renal tubule
D.
renal corpuscle
E.
renal capsule
Question #33
At early puberty, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulate enlargement of the testes.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #34
The transition from an afferent arteriole to an efferent arteriole occurs in the ________.
A.
peritubular capillaries
B.
cortical radiate veins
C.
medulla
D.
vasa recta
E.
glomerulus
Question #35
Which of the following is a direct result of antidiuretic hormone?
A.
Increased urine acidity
B.
Decreased urine volume
C.
Increased urine volume
D.
Increased urine salinity
E.
Decreased urine molarity
Question #36
________ stimulates the interstitial cells of the testes to secrete ________.
A.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH); LH
B.
Luteinizing hormone (LH); estrogen
C.
Luteinizing hormone (LH); testosterone
D.
Luteinizing hormone (LH); androgen-binding protein (ABP)
E.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); androgen-binding protein (ABP)
Question #37
Which of the following is the correct pathway of sperm cells from their formation to ejaculation?
A.
Seminiferous tubule, epididymis, rete testis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
B.
Seminiferous tubule, rete testis, epididymis, ejaculatory duct, urethra, ductus deferens
C.
Seminiferous tubule, epididymis, rete testis, ejaculatory duct, ductus deferens, urethra
D.
Seminiferous tubule, epididymis, rete testis, urethra, ejaculatory duct, ductus deferens
E.
Seminiferous tubule, rete testis, epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
Question #38
Males produce sperm and females produce eggs.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #39
The countercurrent heat exchanger that prevents arterial blood from overheating the testes is the ________.
A.
pampiniform plexus of veins
B.
scrotal portal system
C.
epididymis
D.
blood-testis barrier
E.
rete testis
Question #40
The innermost connective tissue layer protecting the kidney and assisting in staving off infection is known as the ________.
A.
perirenal fat capsule
B.
renal fascia
C.
fibrous capsule
D.
renal medulla
E.
hilum
Question #41
The acrosome contains enzymes used to ________.
A.
penetrate barriers surrounding the ovum
B.
dissolve the stickiness of the semen
C.
dissolve the mucosa of the vagina
D.
dissolve the mucosa of the uterus
E.
penetrate the vagina
Question #42
The penis is homologous to the ________.
A.
mons pubis
B.
vagina
C.
clitoris
D.
urethra
E.
labia minora
Question #43
Hypocalcemia stimulates ________.
A.
secretion of renin
B.
an increase in blood urea nitrogen
C.
a decrease in aldosterone production
D.
vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles
E.
secretion of parathyroid hormone
Question #44
Men have only one ________.
A.
bulbourethral gland
B.
ejaculatory duct
C.
corpus cavernosum
D.
seminal vesicle
E.
prostate
Question #45
Oxytocin stimulates contraction of myoepithelial cell of the mammary acini.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #46
Aldosterone acts on the ________.
A.
medullary portion of the collecting duct
B.
proximal convoluted tubule
C.
descending limb of the nephron loop
D.
distal convoluted tubule
E.
glomerulus
Question #47
Where are follicles located?
A.
Cortex of the ovary
B.
Center of the ovum
C.
Epithelium of the placenta
D.
Medulla of the ovary
E.
Epithelium of the endometrium
Question #48
The ________ muscle is located in the urinary bladder.
A.
distractor
B.
corpus cavernosum
C.
pubococcygeus
D.
detrusor
E.
corpus spongiosum
Question #49
Sexual reproduction entails the union of two gonads to form a zygote
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #50
Which of the following is not a function of the nurse cells?
A.
They secrete inhibin.
B.
They protect and support the germ cells.
C.
They secrete androgen-binding protein.
D.
Their tight junctions form the blood-testis barrier.
E.
They secrete testosterone.
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