Biology 2060 - Anatomy and Physiology II » Summer 2020 » Lecture Exam 4
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Question #1
The ________ is not a portion of the urethra.
A.
prostatic urethra
B.
spongy urethra
C.
membranous urethra
D.
internal urethral sphincter
E.
external urethral orifice
Question #2
The urine is most likely to be hypotonic when the ________.
A.
body's pH is low
B.
person is lost and deprived of drinking water
C.
output of natriuretic peptides is high
D.
body's water volume is high
E.
output of antidiuretic hormone is high
Question #3
What do lutein cells develop from?
A.
The granulosa cells
B.
The corpus albicans
C.
The corpus luteum
D.
The corona radiata
E.
The theca interna
Question #4
The mechanism of stabilizing the GFR based on the tendency of smooth muscle to contract when stretched is known as ________.
A.
the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism
B.
renal autoregulation
C.
the myogenic mechanism
D.
tubuloglomerular feedback
E.
sympathetic control
Question #5
Sperm travels to the ampulla of the ductus deferens before reaching the spermatic cord.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #6
When does oogenesis begin?
A.
During pubarche
B.
During menarche
C.
At birth
D.
During thelarche
E.
During embryonic development
Question #7
Renin hydrolyzes angiotensinogen, which is released from the ________, to form angiotensin I.
A.
kidneys
B.
spleen
C.
heart
D.
lungs
E.
liver
Question #8
Which uterine layer is composed of a simple columnar epithelium containing tubular glands?
A.
Fimbrium
B.
Myometrium
C.
Endometrium
D.
Cervix
E.
Perimetrium
Question #9
A single lobe of a kidney is comprised of ________.
A.
a renal medulla and two renal columns
B.
one major calyx and all of its minor calyces
C.
one collecting duct and all nephrons that drain into it
D.
two calyces and a renal pelvis
E.
one pyramid and the overlying cortex
Question #10
Which of the following correctly traces blood flow from the renal artery into the renal cortex?
A.
Afferent arteriole → interlobular a. → arcuate a. → interlobar a.
B.
Segmental a. → arcuate a. → interlobar a. → interlobular a.
C.
Arcuate a. → interlobar a. → afferent arteriole → interlobular a.
D.
Interlobar a. → interlobular a. → segmental a. → arcuate a.
E.
Segmental a. → interlobar a. →arcuate a. → interlobular a.
Question #11
The deep region of the penis, surrounding the urethra, that engorges with blood during an erection is known as the ________.
A.
epididymis
B.
corpus cavernosum
C.
ductus (vas) deferens
D.
corpus spongiosum
E.
scrotum
Question #12
Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?
A.
They fight osteoporosis by synthesizing vitamin D.
B.
They regulate osmolarity of the body fluids.
C.
They release waste into the bloodstream.
D.
They indirectly increase oxyhemoglobin.
E.
They help control blood pressure.
Question #13
In life threatening starvation, the kidneys synthesize glucose by ________.
A.
secreting erythropoietin
B.
secreting renin
C.
producing uric acid
D.
deaminating amino acids
E.
contributing to calcium homeostasis
Question #14
Assuming all other values are normal, calculate the net filtration pressure in a patient with a drop in capsular hydrostatic pressure to 8 mmHg.
A.
20 mm Hg out
B.
30 mm Hg out
C.
40 mm Hg out
D.
50 mm Hg out
E.
10 mm Hg out
Question #15
The ________ is the site of sperm maturation and storage.
A.
spermatic cord
B.
ductus (vas) deferens
C.
epididymis
D.
seminiferous tubules
E.
rete testis
Question #16
Which of the following is true regarding the blood-testis barrier?
A.
It prevents blood from getting to the testes.
B.
It maintains testis temperature at 35°C.
C.
It maintains testis temperature at 37°C.
D.
It prevents heat loss from the testes.
E.
It prevents antibodies in the blood from getting to the germ cells.
Question #17
The ________ is not an organ of the urinary system.
A.
liver
B.
urethra
C.
urinary bladder
D.
ureter
E.
kidney
Question #18
In ovulation, after expelling the oocyte the follicle becomes a ________ and secretes ________.
A.
corpus albicans; FSH and LH
B.
corpus albicans; progesterone
C.
corpus albicans; estrogen and progesterone
D.
corpus luteum; estrogen and progesterone
E.
corpus luteum; FSH and LH
Question #19
Which of the following is inhibited by testosterone?
A.
Sperm production
B.
Libido
C.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion
D.
Development of secondary sex organs
E.
Development of secondary sex characteristics
Question #20
The ________ innervation of the kidneys reduces urine production, while the function of its ________ innervation is unknown.
A.
enteric; somatic
B.
peripheral; central
C.
parasympathetic; sympathetic
D.
central; peripheral
E.
sympathetic; parasympathetic
Question #21
After puberty, which epithelium lines the vagina?
A.
Stratified squamous epithelium
B.
Simple columnar epithelium
C.
Transitional epithelium
D.
Simple squamous epithelium
E.
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Question #22
Because of the great deal of active transport that occurs here, the ________ of one's nephrons collectively account for about 6% of one's daily resting ATP and caloric consumption.
A.
loops of Henle
B.
distal convoluted tubules
C.
proximal convoluted tubules
D.
glomeruli
E.
collecting ducts
Question #23
In which structure does fertilization usually occur?
A.
Urethra
B.
Uterus
C.
Uterine tube
D.
Urinary bladder
E.
Ovary
Question #24
When it is cold, the ________ contracts and draws the testes closer to the body to keep them warm.
A.
perineum
B.
corpus cavernosum
C.
pampiniform plexus
D.
cremaster
E.
corpus spongiosum
Question #25
What hormone(s) inhibit(s) the secretion of FSH and LH during the female sexual cycle?
A.
GnRH
B.
Progesterone
C.
Estradiol and progesterone
D.
Androgens
E.
Estradiol
Question #26
Why would an enlarged prostate interfere with urination?
A.
It inhibits urine production.
B.
It inhibits the micturition reflex.
C.
It compresses the urethra.
D.
It develops calcified deposits that block the urethra.
E.
It produces thicker prostatic secretions that block the urethra.
Question #27
In meiosis, each parent cell produces ________.
A.
four haploid (n) cells
B.
haploid (n) cells that are identical to the parent cell
C.
four diploid (2n) cells
D.
two diploid (2n) cells
E.
two haploid (n) cells
Question #28
Which of the following is generally accepted as a secondary sex characteristic?
A.
The enlargement of the breasts
B.
The vagina
C.
The prostate
D.
The presence of testes
E.
The uterus
Question #29
The ________ is the small, bilateral organ found lateral to the membranous urethra.
A.
urethra
B.
bulbourethral gland
C.
seminal vesicle
D.
prostate
E.
ejaculatory duct
Question #30
Which of the following would reduce the glomerular filtration rate?
A.
A drop in oncotic pressure
B.
An increase in osmotic pressure in the glomerular capsule
C.
Vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole
D.
Vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole
E.
Vasodilation of the afferent arteriole
Question #31
Which of the following is not true about the anatomy of the urinary system?
A.
The urethra of males is longer than the urethra of females.
B.
The right kidney is located more inferiorly than the left kidney.
C.
The ureters connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
D.
The kidneys are retroperitoneal.
E.
The kidneys are at equal heights within the pelvic cavity.
Question #32
Blood plasma is filtered in the ________.
A.
renal calyx
B.
renal tubule
C.
renal column
D.
renal capsule
E.
renal corpuscle
Question #33
At early puberty, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulate enlargement of the testes.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #34
The transition from an afferent arteriole to an efferent arteriole occurs in the ________.
A.
peritubular capillaries
B.
cortical radiate veins
C.
glomerulus
D.
medulla
E.
vasa recta
Question #35
Which of the following is a direct result of antidiuretic hormone?
A.
Increased urine salinity
B.
Decreased urine molarity
C.
Increased urine acidity
D.
Decreased urine volume
E.
Increased urine volume
Question #36
________ stimulates the interstitial cells of the testes to secrete ________.
A.
Luteinizing hormone (LH); testosterone
B.
Luteinizing hormone (LH); estrogen
C.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); androgen-binding protein (ABP)
D.
Luteinizing hormone (LH); androgen-binding protein (ABP)
E.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH); LH
Question #37
Which of the following is the correct pathway of sperm cells from their formation to ejaculation?
A.
Seminiferous tubule, rete testis, epididymis, ejaculatory duct, urethra, ductus deferens
B.
Seminiferous tubule, epididymis, rete testis, ejaculatory duct, ductus deferens, urethra
C.
Seminiferous tubule, epididymis, rete testis, urethra, ejaculatory duct, ductus deferens
D.
Seminiferous tubule, rete testis, epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
E.
Seminiferous tubule, epididymis, rete testis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
Question #38
Males produce sperm and females produce eggs.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #39
The countercurrent heat exchanger that prevents arterial blood from overheating the testes is the ________.
A.
blood-testis barrier
B.
epididymis
C.
scrotal portal system
D.
pampiniform plexus of veins
E.
rete testis
Question #40
The innermost connective tissue layer protecting the kidney and assisting in staving off infection is known as the ________.
A.
hilum
B.
fibrous capsule
C.
renal fascia
D.
perirenal fat capsule
E.
renal medulla
Question #41
The acrosome contains enzymes used to ________.
A.
penetrate barriers surrounding the ovum
B.
penetrate the vagina
C.
dissolve the stickiness of the semen
D.
dissolve the mucosa of the vagina
E.
dissolve the mucosa of the uterus
Question #42
The penis is homologous to the ________.
A.
clitoris
B.
mons pubis
C.
labia minora
D.
urethra
E.
vagina
Question #43
Hypocalcemia stimulates ________.
A.
vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles
B.
an increase in blood urea nitrogen
C.
secretion of parathyroid hormone
D.
a decrease in aldosterone production
E.
secretion of renin
Question #44
Men have only one ________.
A.
bulbourethral gland
B.
seminal vesicle
C.
ejaculatory duct
D.
corpus cavernosum
E.
prostate
Question #45
Oxytocin stimulates contraction of myoepithelial cell of the mammary acini.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #46
Aldosterone acts on the ________.
A.
descending limb of the nephron loop
B.
glomerulus
C.
medullary portion of the collecting duct
D.
distal convoluted tubule
E.
proximal convoluted tubule
Question #47
Where are follicles located?
A.
Medulla of the ovary
B.
Epithelium of the placenta
C.
Center of the ovum
D.
Cortex of the ovary
E.
Epithelium of the endometrium
Question #48
The ________ muscle is located in the urinary bladder.
A.
distractor
B.
detrusor
C.
corpus cavernosum
D.
corpus spongiosum
E.
pubococcygeus
Question #49
Sexual reproduction entails the union of two gonads to form a zygote
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #50
Which of the following is not a function of the nurse cells?
A.
They secrete testosterone.
B.
They protect and support the germ cells.
C.
Their tight junctions form the blood-testis barrier.
D.
They secrete inhibin.
E.
They secrete androgen-binding protein.
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