Biology 2060 - Anatomy and Physiology II » Summer 2020 » Lecture Exam 4
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Question #1
The ________ is not a portion of the urethra.
A.
internal urethral sphincter
B.
prostatic urethra
C.
external urethral orifice
D.
spongy urethra
E.
membranous urethra
Question #2
The urine is most likely to be hypotonic when the ________.
A.
person is lost and deprived of drinking water
B.
output of natriuretic peptides is high
C.
output of antidiuretic hormone is high
D.
body's water volume is high
E.
body's pH is low
Question #3
What do lutein cells develop from?
A.
The corpus luteum
B.
The corona radiata
C.
The theca interna
D.
The granulosa cells
E.
The corpus albicans
Question #4
The mechanism of stabilizing the GFR based on the tendency of smooth muscle to contract when stretched is known as ________.
A.
tubuloglomerular feedback
B.
sympathetic control
C.
the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism
D.
the myogenic mechanism
E.
renal autoregulation
Question #5
Sperm travels to the ampulla of the ductus deferens before reaching the spermatic cord.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #6
When does oogenesis begin?
A.
During pubarche
B.
During menarche
C.
During embryonic development
D.
At birth
E.
During thelarche
Question #7
Renin hydrolyzes angiotensinogen, which is released from the ________, to form angiotensin I.
A.
lungs
B.
liver
C.
heart
D.
spleen
E.
kidneys
Question #8
Which uterine layer is composed of a simple columnar epithelium containing tubular glands?
A.
Perimetrium
B.
Myometrium
C.
Endometrium
D.
Cervix
E.
Fimbrium
Question #9
A single lobe of a kidney is comprised of ________.
A.
one pyramid and the overlying cortex
B.
one major calyx and all of its minor calyces
C.
one collecting duct and all nephrons that drain into it
D.
two calyces and a renal pelvis
E.
a renal medulla and two renal columns
Question #10
Which of the following correctly traces blood flow from the renal artery into the renal cortex?
A.
Segmental a. → interlobar a. →arcuate a. → interlobular a.
B.
Interlobar a. → interlobular a. → segmental a. → arcuate a.
C.
Afferent arteriole → interlobular a. → arcuate a. → interlobar a.
D.
Arcuate a. → interlobar a. → afferent arteriole → interlobular a.
E.
Segmental a. → arcuate a. → interlobar a. → interlobular a.
Question #11
The deep region of the penis, surrounding the urethra, that engorges with blood during an erection is known as the ________.
A.
ductus (vas) deferens
B.
epididymis
C.
scrotum
D.
corpus cavernosum
E.
corpus spongiosum
Question #12
Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?
A.
They help control blood pressure.
B.
They indirectly increase oxyhemoglobin.
C.
They regulate osmolarity of the body fluids.
D.
They release waste into the bloodstream.
E.
They fight osteoporosis by synthesizing vitamin D.
Question #13
In life threatening starvation, the kidneys synthesize glucose by ________.
A.
producing uric acid
B.
secreting renin
C.
contributing to calcium homeostasis
D.
deaminating amino acids
E.
secreting erythropoietin
Question #14
Assuming all other values are normal, calculate the net filtration pressure in a patient with a drop in capsular hydrostatic pressure to 8 mmHg.
A.
40 mm Hg out
B.
30 mm Hg out
C.
50 mm Hg out
D.
20 mm Hg out
E.
10 mm Hg out
Question #15
The ________ is the site of sperm maturation and storage.
A.
seminiferous tubules
B.
epididymis
C.
rete testis
D.
ductus (vas) deferens
E.
spermatic cord
Question #16
Which of the following is true regarding the blood-testis barrier?
A.
It prevents heat loss from the testes.
B.
It maintains testis temperature at 35°C.
C.
It maintains testis temperature at 37°C.
D.
It prevents blood from getting to the testes.
E.
It prevents antibodies in the blood from getting to the germ cells.
Question #17
The ________ is not an organ of the urinary system.
A.
urethra
B.
urinary bladder
C.
ureter
D.
liver
E.
kidney
Question #18
In ovulation, after expelling the oocyte the follicle becomes a ________ and secretes ________.
A.
corpus albicans; FSH and LH
B.
corpus luteum; FSH and LH
C.
corpus albicans; progesterone
D.
corpus albicans; estrogen and progesterone
E.
corpus luteum; estrogen and progesterone
Question #19
Which of the following is inhibited by testosterone?
A.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion
B.
Development of secondary sex characteristics
C.
Sperm production
D.
Libido
E.
Development of secondary sex organs
Question #20
The ________ innervation of the kidneys reduces urine production, while the function of its ________ innervation is unknown.
A.
parasympathetic; sympathetic
B.
enteric; somatic
C.
sympathetic; parasympathetic
D.
peripheral; central
E.
central; peripheral
Question #21
After puberty, which epithelium lines the vagina?
A.
Transitional epithelium
B.
Simple cuboidal epithelium
C.
Simple squamous epithelium
D.
Stratified squamous epithelium
E.
Simple columnar epithelium
Question #22
Because of the great deal of active transport that occurs here, the ________ of one's nephrons collectively account for about 6% of one's daily resting ATP and caloric consumption.
A.
proximal convoluted tubules
B.
collecting ducts
C.
loops of Henle
D.
glomeruli
E.
distal convoluted tubules
Question #23
In which structure does fertilization usually occur?
A.
Uterus
B.
Ovary
C.
Urinary bladder
D.
Uterine tube
E.
Urethra
Question #24
When it is cold, the ________ contracts and draws the testes closer to the body to keep them warm.
A.
corpus cavernosum
B.
cremaster
C.
corpus spongiosum
D.
pampiniform plexus
E.
perineum
Question #25
What hormone(s) inhibit(s) the secretion of FSH and LH during the female sexual cycle?
A.
Progesterone
B.
Estradiol
C.
GnRH
D.
Estradiol and progesterone
E.
Androgens
Question #26
Why would an enlarged prostate interfere with urination?
A.
It develops calcified deposits that block the urethra.
B.
It compresses the urethra.
C.
It inhibits urine production.
D.
It inhibits the micturition reflex.
E.
It produces thicker prostatic secretions that block the urethra.
Question #27
In meiosis, each parent cell produces ________.
A.
haploid (n) cells that are identical to the parent cell
B.
four diploid (2n) cells
C.
two haploid (n) cells
D.
two diploid (2n) cells
E.
four haploid (n) cells
Question #28
Which of the following is generally accepted as a secondary sex characteristic?
A.
The vagina
B.
The enlargement of the breasts
C.
The prostate
D.
The presence of testes
E.
The uterus
Question #29
The ________ is the small, bilateral organ found lateral to the membranous urethra.
A.
urethra
B.
prostate
C.
ejaculatory duct
D.
bulbourethral gland
E.
seminal vesicle
Question #30
Which of the following would reduce the glomerular filtration rate?
A.
Vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole
B.
An increase in osmotic pressure in the glomerular capsule
C.
A drop in oncotic pressure
D.
Vasodilation of the afferent arteriole
E.
Vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole
Question #31
Which of the following is not true about the anatomy of the urinary system?
A.
The kidneys are at equal heights within the pelvic cavity.
B.
The right kidney is located more inferiorly than the left kidney.
C.
The ureters connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
D.
The urethra of males is longer than the urethra of females.
E.
The kidneys are retroperitoneal.
Question #32
Blood plasma is filtered in the ________.
A.
renal calyx
B.
renal capsule
C.
renal corpuscle
D.
renal tubule
E.
renal column
Question #33
At early puberty, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulate enlargement of the testes.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #34
The transition from an afferent arteriole to an efferent arteriole occurs in the ________.
A.
glomerulus
B.
medulla
C.
peritubular capillaries
D.
cortical radiate veins
E.
vasa recta
Question #35
Which of the following is a direct result of antidiuretic hormone?
A.
Decreased urine volume
B.
Increased urine acidity
C.
Increased urine salinity
D.
Increased urine volume
E.
Decreased urine molarity
Question #36
________ stimulates the interstitial cells of the testes to secrete ________.
A.
Luteinizing hormone (LH); testosterone
B.
Luteinizing hormone (LH); estrogen
C.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH); LH
D.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); androgen-binding protein (ABP)
E.
Luteinizing hormone (LH); androgen-binding protein (ABP)
Question #37
Which of the following is the correct pathway of sperm cells from their formation to ejaculation?
A.
Seminiferous tubule, rete testis, epididymis, ejaculatory duct, urethra, ductus deferens
B.
Seminiferous tubule, epididymis, rete testis, ejaculatory duct, ductus deferens, urethra
C.
Seminiferous tubule, epididymis, rete testis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
D.
Seminiferous tubule, rete testis, epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
E.
Seminiferous tubule, epididymis, rete testis, urethra, ejaculatory duct, ductus deferens
Question #38
Males produce sperm and females produce eggs.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #39
The countercurrent heat exchanger that prevents arterial blood from overheating the testes is the ________.
A.
rete testis
B.
pampiniform plexus of veins
C.
scrotal portal system
D.
epididymis
E.
blood-testis barrier
Question #40
The innermost connective tissue layer protecting the kidney and assisting in staving off infection is known as the ________.
A.
renal fascia
B.
perirenal fat capsule
C.
renal medulla
D.
hilum
E.
fibrous capsule
Question #41
The acrosome contains enzymes used to ________.
A.
dissolve the mucosa of the vagina
B.
penetrate barriers surrounding the ovum
C.
dissolve the stickiness of the semen
D.
dissolve the mucosa of the uterus
E.
penetrate the vagina
Question #42
The penis is homologous to the ________.
A.
mons pubis
B.
labia minora
C.
vagina
D.
clitoris
E.
urethra
Question #43
Hypocalcemia stimulates ________.
A.
secretion of parathyroid hormone
B.
an increase in blood urea nitrogen
C.
vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles
D.
a decrease in aldosterone production
E.
secretion of renin
Question #44
Men have only one ________.
A.
seminal vesicle
B.
ejaculatory duct
C.
bulbourethral gland
D.
prostate
E.
corpus cavernosum
Question #45
Oxytocin stimulates contraction of myoepithelial cell of the mammary acini.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #46
Aldosterone acts on the ________.
A.
distal convoluted tubule
B.
proximal convoluted tubule
C.
glomerulus
D.
medullary portion of the collecting duct
E.
descending limb of the nephron loop
Question #47
Where are follicles located?
A.
Cortex of the ovary
B.
Center of the ovum
C.
Medulla of the ovary
D.
Epithelium of the placenta
E.
Epithelium of the endometrium
Question #48
The ________ muscle is located in the urinary bladder.
A.
detrusor
B.
distractor
C.
corpus spongiosum
D.
pubococcygeus
E.
corpus cavernosum
Question #49
Sexual reproduction entails the union of two gonads to form a zygote
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #50
Which of the following is not a function of the nurse cells?
A.
They secrete testosterone.
B.
Their tight junctions form the blood-testis barrier.
C.
They protect and support the germ cells.
D.
They secrete androgen-binding protein.
E.
They secrete inhibin.
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