Biology 2060 - Anatomy and Physiology II » Summer 2020 » Lecture Exam 4
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Question #1
The ________ is not a portion of the urethra.
A.
spongy urethra
B.
internal urethral sphincter
C.
membranous urethra
D.
prostatic urethra
E.
external urethral orifice
Question #2
The urine is most likely to be hypotonic when the ________.
A.
output of natriuretic peptides is high
B.
person is lost and deprived of drinking water
C.
body's pH is low
D.
body's water volume is high
E.
output of antidiuretic hormone is high
Question #3
What do lutein cells develop from?
A.
The corpus luteum
B.
The corona radiata
C.
The granulosa cells
D.
The corpus albicans
E.
The theca interna
Question #4
The mechanism of stabilizing the GFR based on the tendency of smooth muscle to contract when stretched is known as ________.
A.
renal autoregulation
B.
the myogenic mechanism
C.
the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism
D.
sympathetic control
E.
tubuloglomerular feedback
Question #5
Sperm travels to the ampulla of the ductus deferens before reaching the spermatic cord.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #6
When does oogenesis begin?
A.
During pubarche
B.
During menarche
C.
During embryonic development
D.
During thelarche
E.
At birth
Question #7
Renin hydrolyzes angiotensinogen, which is released from the ________, to form angiotensin I.
A.
spleen
B.
heart
C.
lungs
D.
kidneys
E.
liver
Question #8
Which uterine layer is composed of a simple columnar epithelium containing tubular glands?
A.
Cervix
B.
Fimbrium
C.
Myometrium
D.
Endometrium
E.
Perimetrium
Question #9
A single lobe of a kidney is comprised of ________.
A.
two calyces and a renal pelvis
B.
one collecting duct and all nephrons that drain into it
C.
one pyramid and the overlying cortex
D.
one major calyx and all of its minor calyces
E.
a renal medulla and two renal columns
Question #10
Which of the following correctly traces blood flow from the renal artery into the renal cortex?
A.
Interlobar a. → interlobular a. → segmental a. → arcuate a.
B.
Segmental a. → arcuate a. → interlobar a. → interlobular a.
C.
Segmental a. → interlobar a. →arcuate a. → interlobular a.
D.
Arcuate a. → interlobar a. → afferent arteriole → interlobular a.
E.
Afferent arteriole → interlobular a. → arcuate a. → interlobar a.
Question #11
The deep region of the penis, surrounding the urethra, that engorges with blood during an erection is known as the ________.
A.
corpus spongiosum
B.
scrotum
C.
epididymis
D.
corpus cavernosum
E.
ductus (vas) deferens
Question #12
Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?
A.
They release waste into the bloodstream.
B.
They fight osteoporosis by synthesizing vitamin D.
C.
They indirectly increase oxyhemoglobin.
D.
They help control blood pressure.
E.
They regulate osmolarity of the body fluids.
Question #13
In life threatening starvation, the kidneys synthesize glucose by ________.
A.
deaminating amino acids
B.
producing uric acid
C.
contributing to calcium homeostasis
D.
secreting erythropoietin
E.
secreting renin
Question #14
Assuming all other values are normal, calculate the net filtration pressure in a patient with a drop in capsular hydrostatic pressure to 8 mmHg.
A.
50 mm Hg out
B.
40 mm Hg out
C.
30 mm Hg out
D.
20 mm Hg out
E.
10 mm Hg out
Question #15
The ________ is the site of sperm maturation and storage.
A.
rete testis
B.
seminiferous tubules
C.
ductus (vas) deferens
D.
spermatic cord
E.
epididymis
Question #16
Which of the following is true regarding the blood-testis barrier?
A.
It prevents antibodies in the blood from getting to the germ cells.
B.
It maintains testis temperature at 37°C.
C.
It prevents heat loss from the testes.
D.
It prevents blood from getting to the testes.
E.
It maintains testis temperature at 35°C.
Question #17
The ________ is not an organ of the urinary system.
A.
kidney
B.
urinary bladder
C.
ureter
D.
urethra
E.
liver
Question #18
In ovulation, after expelling the oocyte the follicle becomes a ________ and secretes ________.
A.
corpus albicans; progesterone
B.
corpus luteum; FSH and LH
C.
corpus luteum; estrogen and progesterone
D.
corpus albicans; estrogen and progesterone
E.
corpus albicans; FSH and LH
Question #19
Which of the following is inhibited by testosterone?
A.
Sperm production
B.
Libido
C.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion
D.
Development of secondary sex characteristics
E.
Development of secondary sex organs
Question #20
The ________ innervation of the kidneys reduces urine production, while the function of its ________ innervation is unknown.
A.
peripheral; central
B.
parasympathetic; sympathetic
C.
sympathetic; parasympathetic
D.
central; peripheral
E.
enteric; somatic
Question #21
After puberty, which epithelium lines the vagina?
A.
Simple squamous epithelium
B.
Transitional epithelium
C.
Simple columnar epithelium
D.
Stratified squamous epithelium
E.
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Question #22
Because of the great deal of active transport that occurs here, the ________ of one's nephrons collectively account for about 6% of one's daily resting ATP and caloric consumption.
A.
loops of Henle
B.
glomeruli
C.
collecting ducts
D.
distal convoluted tubules
E.
proximal convoluted tubules
Question #23
In which structure does fertilization usually occur?
A.
Ovary
B.
Urinary bladder
C.
Uterine tube
D.
Urethra
E.
Uterus
Question #24
When it is cold, the ________ contracts and draws the testes closer to the body to keep them warm.
A.
corpus spongiosum
B.
cremaster
C.
pampiniform plexus
D.
perineum
E.
corpus cavernosum
Question #25
What hormone(s) inhibit(s) the secretion of FSH and LH during the female sexual cycle?
A.
GnRH
B.
Progesterone
C.
Estradiol
D.
Androgens
E.
Estradiol and progesterone
Question #26
Why would an enlarged prostate interfere with urination?
A.
It develops calcified deposits that block the urethra.
B.
It produces thicker prostatic secretions that block the urethra.
C.
It inhibits the micturition reflex.
D.
It inhibits urine production.
E.
It compresses the urethra.
Question #27
In meiosis, each parent cell produces ________.
A.
two diploid (2n) cells
B.
four haploid (n) cells
C.
two haploid (n) cells
D.
haploid (n) cells that are identical to the parent cell
E.
four diploid (2n) cells
Question #28
Which of the following is generally accepted as a secondary sex characteristic?
A.
The vagina
B.
The prostate
C.
The presence of testes
D.
The uterus
E.
The enlargement of the breasts
Question #29
The ________ is the small, bilateral organ found lateral to the membranous urethra.
A.
ejaculatory duct
B.
bulbourethral gland
C.
prostate
D.
urethra
E.
seminal vesicle
Question #30
Which of the following would reduce the glomerular filtration rate?
A.
Vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole
B.
Vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole
C.
A drop in oncotic pressure
D.
An increase in osmotic pressure in the glomerular capsule
E.
Vasodilation of the afferent arteriole
Question #31
Which of the following is not true about the anatomy of the urinary system?
A.
The ureters connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
B.
The urethra of males is longer than the urethra of females.
C.
The kidneys are at equal heights within the pelvic cavity.
D.
The right kidney is located more inferiorly than the left kidney.
E.
The kidneys are retroperitoneal.
Question #32
Blood plasma is filtered in the ________.
A.
renal calyx
B.
renal capsule
C.
renal tubule
D.
renal corpuscle
E.
renal column
Question #33
At early puberty, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulate enlargement of the testes.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #34
The transition from an afferent arteriole to an efferent arteriole occurs in the ________.
A.
medulla
B.
glomerulus
C.
vasa recta
D.
peritubular capillaries
E.
cortical radiate veins
Question #35
Which of the following is a direct result of antidiuretic hormone?
A.
Increased urine acidity
B.
Increased urine salinity
C.
Decreased urine molarity
D.
Decreased urine volume
E.
Increased urine volume
Question #36
________ stimulates the interstitial cells of the testes to secrete ________.
A.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH); LH
B.
Luteinizing hormone (LH); androgen-binding protein (ABP)
C.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); androgen-binding protein (ABP)
D.
Luteinizing hormone (LH); estrogen
E.
Luteinizing hormone (LH); testosterone
Question #37
Which of the following is the correct pathway of sperm cells from their formation to ejaculation?
A.
Seminiferous tubule, rete testis, epididymis, ejaculatory duct, urethra, ductus deferens
B.
Seminiferous tubule, epididymis, rete testis, urethra, ejaculatory duct, ductus deferens
C.
Seminiferous tubule, epididymis, rete testis, ejaculatory duct, ductus deferens, urethra
D.
Seminiferous tubule, rete testis, epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
E.
Seminiferous tubule, epididymis, rete testis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
Question #38
Males produce sperm and females produce eggs.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #39
The countercurrent heat exchanger that prevents arterial blood from overheating the testes is the ________.
A.
epididymis
B.
rete testis
C.
pampiniform plexus of veins
D.
scrotal portal system
E.
blood-testis barrier
Question #40
The innermost connective tissue layer protecting the kidney and assisting in staving off infection is known as the ________.
A.
renal fascia
B.
fibrous capsule
C.
perirenal fat capsule
D.
hilum
E.
renal medulla
Question #41
The acrosome contains enzymes used to ________.
A.
penetrate the vagina
B.
dissolve the mucosa of the vagina
C.
penetrate barriers surrounding the ovum
D.
dissolve the mucosa of the uterus
E.
dissolve the stickiness of the semen
Question #42
The penis is homologous to the ________.
A.
mons pubis
B.
labia minora
C.
urethra
D.
clitoris
E.
vagina
Question #43
Hypocalcemia stimulates ________.
A.
secretion of parathyroid hormone
B.
a decrease in aldosterone production
C.
secretion of renin
D.
vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles
E.
an increase in blood urea nitrogen
Question #44
Men have only one ________.
A.
prostate
B.
seminal vesicle
C.
corpus cavernosum
D.
bulbourethral gland
E.
ejaculatory duct
Question #45
Oxytocin stimulates contraction of myoepithelial cell of the mammary acini.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #46
Aldosterone acts on the ________.
A.
medullary portion of the collecting duct
B.
glomerulus
C.
proximal convoluted tubule
D.
descending limb of the nephron loop
E.
distal convoluted tubule
Question #47
Where are follicles located?
A.
Epithelium of the placenta
B.
Center of the ovum
C.
Medulla of the ovary
D.
Epithelium of the endometrium
E.
Cortex of the ovary
Question #48
The ________ muscle is located in the urinary bladder.
A.
corpus spongiosum
B.
distractor
C.
pubococcygeus
D.
detrusor
E.
corpus cavernosum
Question #49
Sexual reproduction entails the union of two gonads to form a zygote
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #50
Which of the following is not a function of the nurse cells?
A.
They protect and support the germ cells.
B.
Their tight junctions form the blood-testis barrier.
C.
They secrete inhibin.
D.
They secrete testosterone.
E.
They secrete androgen-binding protein.
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