Biology 2060 - Anatomy and Physiology II » Summer 2020 » Lecture Exam 4
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Question #1
The ________ is not a portion of the urethra.
A.
prostatic urethra
B.
internal urethral sphincter
C.
spongy urethra
D.
membranous urethra
E.
external urethral orifice
Question #2
The urine is most likely to be hypotonic when the ________.
A.
person is lost and deprived of drinking water
B.
output of natriuretic peptides is high
C.
output of antidiuretic hormone is high
D.
body's water volume is high
E.
body's pH is low
Question #3
What do lutein cells develop from?
A.
The granulosa cells
B.
The corpus albicans
C.
The corpus luteum
D.
The theca interna
E.
The corona radiata
Question #4
The mechanism of stabilizing the GFR based on the tendency of smooth muscle to contract when stretched is known as ________.
A.
the myogenic mechanism
B.
renal autoregulation
C.
tubuloglomerular feedback
D.
the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism
E.
sympathetic control
Question #5
Sperm travels to the ampulla of the ductus deferens before reaching the spermatic cord.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #6
When does oogenesis begin?
A.
At birth
B.
During menarche
C.
During embryonic development
D.
During pubarche
E.
During thelarche
Question #7
Renin hydrolyzes angiotensinogen, which is released from the ________, to form angiotensin I.
A.
liver
B.
lungs
C.
kidneys
D.
spleen
E.
heart
Question #8
Which uterine layer is composed of a simple columnar epithelium containing tubular glands?
A.
Perimetrium
B.
Fimbrium
C.
Cervix
D.
Endometrium
E.
Myometrium
Question #9
A single lobe of a kidney is comprised of ________.
A.
one major calyx and all of its minor calyces
B.
a renal medulla and two renal columns
C.
one pyramid and the overlying cortex
D.
one collecting duct and all nephrons that drain into it
E.
two calyces and a renal pelvis
Question #10
Which of the following correctly traces blood flow from the renal artery into the renal cortex?
A.
Segmental a. → arcuate a. → interlobar a. → interlobular a.
B.
Arcuate a. → interlobar a. → afferent arteriole → interlobular a.
C.
Segmental a. → interlobar a. →arcuate a. → interlobular a.
D.
Interlobar a. → interlobular a. → segmental a. → arcuate a.
E.
Afferent arteriole → interlobular a. → arcuate a. → interlobar a.
Question #11
The deep region of the penis, surrounding the urethra, that engorges with blood during an erection is known as the ________.
A.
corpus spongiosum
B.
ductus (vas) deferens
C.
corpus cavernosum
D.
epididymis
E.
scrotum
Question #12
Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?
A.
They indirectly increase oxyhemoglobin.
B.
They help control blood pressure.
C.
They regulate osmolarity of the body fluids.
D.
They fight osteoporosis by synthesizing vitamin D.
E.
They release waste into the bloodstream.
Question #13
In life threatening starvation, the kidneys synthesize glucose by ________.
A.
deaminating amino acids
B.
producing uric acid
C.
secreting renin
D.
secreting erythropoietin
E.
contributing to calcium homeostasis
Question #14
Assuming all other values are normal, calculate the net filtration pressure in a patient with a drop in capsular hydrostatic pressure to 8 mmHg.
A.
40 mm Hg out
B.
10 mm Hg out
C.
30 mm Hg out
D.
20 mm Hg out
E.
50 mm Hg out
Question #15
The ________ is the site of sperm maturation and storage.
A.
rete testis
B.
epididymis
C.
spermatic cord
D.
ductus (vas) deferens
E.
seminiferous tubules
Question #16
Which of the following is true regarding the blood-testis barrier?
A.
It prevents antibodies in the blood from getting to the germ cells.
B.
It maintains testis temperature at 37°C.
C.
It prevents heat loss from the testes.
D.
It maintains testis temperature at 35°C.
E.
It prevents blood from getting to the testes.
Question #17
The ________ is not an organ of the urinary system.
A.
urinary bladder
B.
urethra
C.
liver
D.
ureter
E.
kidney
Question #18
In ovulation, after expelling the oocyte the follicle becomes a ________ and secretes ________.
A.
corpus luteum; FSH and LH
B.
corpus albicans; FSH and LH
C.
corpus albicans; estrogen and progesterone
D.
corpus albicans; progesterone
E.
corpus luteum; estrogen and progesterone
Question #19
Which of the following is inhibited by testosterone?
A.
Development of secondary sex characteristics
B.
Libido
C.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion
D.
Sperm production
E.
Development of secondary sex organs
Question #20
The ________ innervation of the kidneys reduces urine production, while the function of its ________ innervation is unknown.
A.
parasympathetic; sympathetic
B.
sympathetic; parasympathetic
C.
central; peripheral
D.
peripheral; central
E.
enteric; somatic
Question #21
After puberty, which epithelium lines the vagina?
A.
Simple cuboidal epithelium
B.
Simple columnar epithelium
C.
Simple squamous epithelium
D.
Transitional epithelium
E.
Stratified squamous epithelium
Question #22
Because of the great deal of active transport that occurs here, the ________ of one's nephrons collectively account for about 6% of one's daily resting ATP and caloric consumption.
A.
collecting ducts
B.
proximal convoluted tubules
C.
loops of Henle
D.
glomeruli
E.
distal convoluted tubules
Question #23
In which structure does fertilization usually occur?
A.
Uterus
B.
Uterine tube
C.
Ovary
D.
Urinary bladder
E.
Urethra
Question #24
When it is cold, the ________ contracts and draws the testes closer to the body to keep them warm.
A.
pampiniform plexus
B.
perineum
C.
cremaster
D.
corpus spongiosum
E.
corpus cavernosum
Question #25
What hormone(s) inhibit(s) the secretion of FSH and LH during the female sexual cycle?
A.
Androgens
B.
Estradiol and progesterone
C.
Estradiol
D.
Progesterone
E.
GnRH
Question #26
Why would an enlarged prostate interfere with urination?
A.
It inhibits the micturition reflex.
B.
It inhibits urine production.
C.
It compresses the urethra.
D.
It produces thicker prostatic secretions that block the urethra.
E.
It develops calcified deposits that block the urethra.
Question #27
In meiosis, each parent cell produces ________.
A.
four haploid (n) cells
B.
two diploid (2n) cells
C.
haploid (n) cells that are identical to the parent cell
D.
four diploid (2n) cells
E.
two haploid (n) cells
Question #28
Which of the following is generally accepted as a secondary sex characteristic?
A.
The vagina
B.
The uterus
C.
The prostate
D.
The presence of testes
E.
The enlargement of the breasts
Question #29
The ________ is the small, bilateral organ found lateral to the membranous urethra.
A.
urethra
B.
seminal vesicle
C.
bulbourethral gland
D.
prostate
E.
ejaculatory duct
Question #30
Which of the following would reduce the glomerular filtration rate?
A.
Vasodilation of the afferent arteriole
B.
Vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole
C.
A drop in oncotic pressure
D.
An increase in osmotic pressure in the glomerular capsule
E.
Vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole
Question #31
Which of the following is not true about the anatomy of the urinary system?
A.
The ureters connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
B.
The right kidney is located more inferiorly than the left kidney.
C.
The kidneys are retroperitoneal.
D.
The kidneys are at equal heights within the pelvic cavity.
E.
The urethra of males is longer than the urethra of females.
Question #32
Blood plasma is filtered in the ________.
A.
renal capsule
B.
renal corpuscle
C.
renal calyx
D.
renal tubule
E.
renal column
Question #33
At early puberty, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulate enlargement of the testes.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #34
The transition from an afferent arteriole to an efferent arteriole occurs in the ________.
A.
medulla
B.
cortical radiate veins
C.
vasa recta
D.
peritubular capillaries
E.
glomerulus
Question #35
Which of the following is a direct result of antidiuretic hormone?
A.
Increased urine volume
B.
Increased urine salinity
C.
Decreased urine volume
D.
Decreased urine molarity
E.
Increased urine acidity
Question #36
________ stimulates the interstitial cells of the testes to secrete ________.
A.
Luteinizing hormone (LH); estrogen
B.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH); LH
C.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); androgen-binding protein (ABP)
D.
Luteinizing hormone (LH); androgen-binding protein (ABP)
E.
Luteinizing hormone (LH); testosterone
Question #37
Which of the following is the correct pathway of sperm cells from their formation to ejaculation?
A.
Seminiferous tubule, rete testis, epididymis, ejaculatory duct, urethra, ductus deferens
B.
Seminiferous tubule, epididymis, rete testis, ejaculatory duct, ductus deferens, urethra
C.
Seminiferous tubule, epididymis, rete testis, urethra, ejaculatory duct, ductus deferens
D.
Seminiferous tubule, rete testis, epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
E.
Seminiferous tubule, epididymis, rete testis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
Question #38
Males produce sperm and females produce eggs.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #39
The countercurrent heat exchanger that prevents arterial blood from overheating the testes is the ________.
A.
scrotal portal system
B.
rete testis
C.
pampiniform plexus of veins
D.
blood-testis barrier
E.
epididymis
Question #40
The innermost connective tissue layer protecting the kidney and assisting in staving off infection is known as the ________.
A.
renal fascia
B.
renal medulla
C.
perirenal fat capsule
D.
fibrous capsule
E.
hilum
Question #41
The acrosome contains enzymes used to ________.
A.
penetrate the vagina
B.
dissolve the mucosa of the vagina
C.
penetrate barriers surrounding the ovum
D.
dissolve the stickiness of the semen
E.
dissolve the mucosa of the uterus
Question #42
The penis is homologous to the ________.
A.
clitoris
B.
urethra
C.
labia minora
D.
vagina
E.
mons pubis
Question #43
Hypocalcemia stimulates ________.
A.
vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles
B.
an increase in blood urea nitrogen
C.
secretion of renin
D.
secretion of parathyroid hormone
E.
a decrease in aldosterone production
Question #44
Men have only one ________.
A.
bulbourethral gland
B.
ejaculatory duct
C.
corpus cavernosum
D.
prostate
E.
seminal vesicle
Question #45
Oxytocin stimulates contraction of myoepithelial cell of the mammary acini.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #46
Aldosterone acts on the ________.
A.
descending limb of the nephron loop
B.
glomerulus
C.
distal convoluted tubule
D.
medullary portion of the collecting duct
E.
proximal convoluted tubule
Question #47
Where are follicles located?
A.
Center of the ovum
B.
Epithelium of the placenta
C.
Epithelium of the endometrium
D.
Cortex of the ovary
E.
Medulla of the ovary
Question #48
The ________ muscle is located in the urinary bladder.
A.
corpus cavernosum
B.
pubococcygeus
C.
distractor
D.
detrusor
E.
corpus spongiosum
Question #49
Sexual reproduction entails the union of two gonads to form a zygote
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #50
Which of the following is not a function of the nurse cells?
A.
They protect and support the germ cells.
B.
They secrete inhibin.
C.
They secrete testosterone.
D.
Their tight junctions form the blood-testis barrier.
E.
They secrete androgen-binding protein.
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