Biology 2060 - Anatomy and Physiology II » Summer 2020 » Lecture Exam 4
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Question #1
The ________ is not a portion of the urethra.
A.
spongy urethra
B.
prostatic urethra
C.
internal urethral sphincter
D.
external urethral orifice
E.
membranous urethra
Question #2
The urine is most likely to be hypotonic when the ________.
A.
person is lost and deprived of drinking water
B.
output of natriuretic peptides is high
C.
body's pH is low
D.
body's water volume is high
E.
output of antidiuretic hormone is high
Question #3
What do lutein cells develop from?
A.
The corpus luteum
B.
The corpus albicans
C.
The theca interna
D.
The corona radiata
E.
The granulosa cells
Question #4
The mechanism of stabilizing the GFR based on the tendency of smooth muscle to contract when stretched is known as ________.
A.
the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism
B.
tubuloglomerular feedback
C.
renal autoregulation
D.
the myogenic mechanism
E.
sympathetic control
Question #5
Sperm travels to the ampulla of the ductus deferens before reaching the spermatic cord.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #6
When does oogenesis begin?
A.
During embryonic development
B.
During thelarche
C.
During pubarche
D.
During menarche
E.
At birth
Question #7
Renin hydrolyzes angiotensinogen, which is released from the ________, to form angiotensin I.
A.
lungs
B.
heart
C.
liver
D.
spleen
E.
kidneys
Question #8
Which uterine layer is composed of a simple columnar epithelium containing tubular glands?
A.
Fimbrium
B.
Endometrium
C.
Myometrium
D.
Cervix
E.
Perimetrium
Question #9
A single lobe of a kidney is comprised of ________.
A.
two calyces and a renal pelvis
B.
one major calyx and all of its minor calyces
C.
one pyramid and the overlying cortex
D.
one collecting duct and all nephrons that drain into it
E.
a renal medulla and two renal columns
Question #10
Which of the following correctly traces blood flow from the renal artery into the renal cortex?
A.
Arcuate a. → interlobar a. → afferent arteriole → interlobular a.
B.
Afferent arteriole → interlobular a. → arcuate a. → interlobar a.
C.
Segmental a. → interlobar a. →arcuate a. → interlobular a.
D.
Segmental a. → arcuate a. → interlobar a. → interlobular a.
E.
Interlobar a. → interlobular a. → segmental a. → arcuate a.
Question #11
The deep region of the penis, surrounding the urethra, that engorges with blood during an erection is known as the ________.
A.
corpus cavernosum
B.
scrotum
C.
ductus (vas) deferens
D.
epididymis
E.
corpus spongiosum
Question #12
Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?
A.
They release waste into the bloodstream.
B.
They regulate osmolarity of the body fluids.
C.
They fight osteoporosis by synthesizing vitamin D.
D.
They help control blood pressure.
E.
They indirectly increase oxyhemoglobin.
Question #13
In life threatening starvation, the kidneys synthesize glucose by ________.
A.
producing uric acid
B.
deaminating amino acids
C.
contributing to calcium homeostasis
D.
secreting erythropoietin
E.
secreting renin
Question #14
Assuming all other values are normal, calculate the net filtration pressure in a patient with a drop in capsular hydrostatic pressure to 8 mmHg.
A.
30 mm Hg out
B.
40 mm Hg out
C.
10 mm Hg out
D.
50 mm Hg out
E.
20 mm Hg out
Question #15
The ________ is the site of sperm maturation and storage.
A.
spermatic cord
B.
seminiferous tubules
C.
epididymis
D.
rete testis
E.
ductus (vas) deferens
Question #16
Which of the following is true regarding the blood-testis barrier?
A.
It prevents blood from getting to the testes.
B.
It prevents heat loss from the testes.
C.
It maintains testis temperature at 35°C.
D.
It maintains testis temperature at 37°C.
E.
It prevents antibodies in the blood from getting to the germ cells.
Question #17
The ________ is not an organ of the urinary system.
A.
urethra
B.
ureter
C.
urinary bladder
D.
liver
E.
kidney
Question #18
In ovulation, after expelling the oocyte the follicle becomes a ________ and secretes ________.
A.
corpus luteum; FSH and LH
B.
corpus albicans; FSH and LH
C.
corpus albicans; estrogen and progesterone
D.
corpus albicans; progesterone
E.
corpus luteum; estrogen and progesterone
Question #19
Which of the following is inhibited by testosterone?
A.
Libido
B.
Sperm production
C.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion
D.
Development of secondary sex characteristics
E.
Development of secondary sex organs
Question #20
The ________ innervation of the kidneys reduces urine production, while the function of its ________ innervation is unknown.
A.
sympathetic; parasympathetic
B.
peripheral; central
C.
parasympathetic; sympathetic
D.
enteric; somatic
E.
central; peripheral
Question #21
After puberty, which epithelium lines the vagina?
A.
Transitional epithelium
B.
Simple squamous epithelium
C.
Simple columnar epithelium
D.
Simple cuboidal epithelium
E.
Stratified squamous epithelium
Question #22
Because of the great deal of active transport that occurs here, the ________ of one's nephrons collectively account for about 6% of one's daily resting ATP and caloric consumption.
A.
distal convoluted tubules
B.
glomeruli
C.
collecting ducts
D.
proximal convoluted tubules
E.
loops of Henle
Question #23
In which structure does fertilization usually occur?
A.
Uterus
B.
Ovary
C.
Urethra
D.
Uterine tube
E.
Urinary bladder
Question #24
When it is cold, the ________ contracts and draws the testes closer to the body to keep them warm.
A.
cremaster
B.
pampiniform plexus
C.
corpus cavernosum
D.
perineum
E.
corpus spongiosum
Question #25
What hormone(s) inhibit(s) the secretion of FSH and LH during the female sexual cycle?
A.
Estradiol
B.
Estradiol and progesterone
C.
Androgens
D.
GnRH
E.
Progesterone
Question #26
Why would an enlarged prostate interfere with urination?
A.
It inhibits urine production.
B.
It inhibits the micturition reflex.
C.
It compresses the urethra.
D.
It develops calcified deposits that block the urethra.
E.
It produces thicker prostatic secretions that block the urethra.
Question #27
In meiosis, each parent cell produces ________.
A.
haploid (n) cells that are identical to the parent cell
B.
two diploid (2n) cells
C.
four haploid (n) cells
D.
four diploid (2n) cells
E.
two haploid (n) cells
Question #28
Which of the following is generally accepted as a secondary sex characteristic?
A.
The enlargement of the breasts
B.
The prostate
C.
The uterus
D.
The vagina
E.
The presence of testes
Question #29
The ________ is the small, bilateral organ found lateral to the membranous urethra.
A.
bulbourethral gland
B.
seminal vesicle
C.
prostate
D.
ejaculatory duct
E.
urethra
Question #30
Which of the following would reduce the glomerular filtration rate?
A.
Vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole
B.
Vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole
C.
A drop in oncotic pressure
D.
Vasodilation of the afferent arteriole
E.
An increase in osmotic pressure in the glomerular capsule
Question #31
Which of the following is not true about the anatomy of the urinary system?
A.
The ureters connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
B.
The right kidney is located more inferiorly than the left kidney.
C.
The urethra of males is longer than the urethra of females.
D.
The kidneys are at equal heights within the pelvic cavity.
E.
The kidneys are retroperitoneal.
Question #32
Blood plasma is filtered in the ________.
A.
renal calyx
B.
renal tubule
C.
renal column
D.
renal capsule
E.
renal corpuscle
Question #33
At early puberty, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulate enlargement of the testes.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #34
The transition from an afferent arteriole to an efferent arteriole occurs in the ________.
A.
medulla
B.
cortical radiate veins
C.
peritubular capillaries
D.
glomerulus
E.
vasa recta
Question #35
Which of the following is a direct result of antidiuretic hormone?
A.
Increased urine volume
B.
Decreased urine molarity
C.
Decreased urine volume
D.
Increased urine salinity
E.
Increased urine acidity
Question #36
________ stimulates the interstitial cells of the testes to secrete ________.
A.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH); LH
B.
Luteinizing hormone (LH); androgen-binding protein (ABP)
C.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); androgen-binding protein (ABP)
D.
Luteinizing hormone (LH); testosterone
E.
Luteinizing hormone (LH); estrogen
Question #37
Which of the following is the correct pathway of sperm cells from their formation to ejaculation?
A.
Seminiferous tubule, epididymis, rete testis, urethra, ejaculatory duct, ductus deferens
B.
Seminiferous tubule, epididymis, rete testis, ejaculatory duct, ductus deferens, urethra
C.
Seminiferous tubule, rete testis, epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
D.
Seminiferous tubule, rete testis, epididymis, ejaculatory duct, urethra, ductus deferens
E.
Seminiferous tubule, epididymis, rete testis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
Question #38
Males produce sperm and females produce eggs.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #39
The countercurrent heat exchanger that prevents arterial blood from overheating the testes is the ________.
A.
rete testis
B.
scrotal portal system
C.
epididymis
D.
blood-testis barrier
E.
pampiniform plexus of veins
Question #40
The innermost connective tissue layer protecting the kidney and assisting in staving off infection is known as the ________.
A.
hilum
B.
renal fascia
C.
renal medulla
D.
fibrous capsule
E.
perirenal fat capsule
Question #41
The acrosome contains enzymes used to ________.
A.
dissolve the stickiness of the semen
B.
penetrate the vagina
C.
penetrate barriers surrounding the ovum
D.
dissolve the mucosa of the uterus
E.
dissolve the mucosa of the vagina
Question #42
The penis is homologous to the ________.
A.
urethra
B.
mons pubis
C.
labia minora
D.
clitoris
E.
vagina
Question #43
Hypocalcemia stimulates ________.
A.
an increase in blood urea nitrogen
B.
vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles
C.
secretion of renin
D.
a decrease in aldosterone production
E.
secretion of parathyroid hormone
Question #44
Men have only one ________.
A.
ejaculatory duct
B.
prostate
C.
corpus cavernosum
D.
bulbourethral gland
E.
seminal vesicle
Question #45
Oxytocin stimulates contraction of myoepithelial cell of the mammary acini.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #46
Aldosterone acts on the ________.
A.
medullary portion of the collecting duct
B.
glomerulus
C.
proximal convoluted tubule
D.
distal convoluted tubule
E.
descending limb of the nephron loop
Question #47
Where are follicles located?
A.
Cortex of the ovary
B.
Epithelium of the endometrium
C.
Epithelium of the placenta
D.
Medulla of the ovary
E.
Center of the ovum
Question #48
The ________ muscle is located in the urinary bladder.
A.
detrusor
B.
distractor
C.
corpus cavernosum
D.
corpus spongiosum
E.
pubococcygeus
Question #49
Sexual reproduction entails the union of two gonads to form a zygote
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #50
Which of the following is not a function of the nurse cells?
A.
They protect and support the germ cells.
B.
They secrete androgen-binding protein.
C.
They secrete testosterone.
D.
Their tight junctions form the blood-testis barrier.
E.
They secrete inhibin.
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