Biology 2060 - Anatomy and Physiology II » Summer 2020 » Lecture Exam 4
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Question #1
The ________ is not a portion of the urethra.
A.
external urethral orifice
B.
spongy urethra
C.
internal urethral sphincter
D.
membranous urethra
E.
prostatic urethra
Question #2
The urine is most likely to be hypotonic when the ________.
A.
body's pH is low
B.
person is lost and deprived of drinking water
C.
body's water volume is high
D.
output of natriuretic peptides is high
E.
output of antidiuretic hormone is high
Question #3
What do lutein cells develop from?
A.
The corpus albicans
B.
The granulosa cells
C.
The corona radiata
D.
The corpus luteum
E.
The theca interna
Question #4
The mechanism of stabilizing the GFR based on the tendency of smooth muscle to contract when stretched is known as ________.
A.
the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism
B.
renal autoregulation
C.
sympathetic control
D.
the myogenic mechanism
E.
tubuloglomerular feedback
Question #5
Sperm travels to the ampulla of the ductus deferens before reaching the spermatic cord.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #6
When does oogenesis begin?
A.
During thelarche
B.
During embryonic development
C.
During pubarche
D.
During menarche
E.
At birth
Question #7
Renin hydrolyzes angiotensinogen, which is released from the ________, to form angiotensin I.
A.
lungs
B.
liver
C.
heart
D.
spleen
E.
kidneys
Question #8
Which uterine layer is composed of a simple columnar epithelium containing tubular glands?
A.
Cervix
B.
Perimetrium
C.
Fimbrium
D.
Myometrium
E.
Endometrium
Question #9
A single lobe of a kidney is comprised of ________.
A.
one major calyx and all of its minor calyces
B.
one pyramid and the overlying cortex
C.
a renal medulla and two renal columns
D.
one collecting duct and all nephrons that drain into it
E.
two calyces and a renal pelvis
Question #10
Which of the following correctly traces blood flow from the renal artery into the renal cortex?
A.
Afferent arteriole → interlobular a. → arcuate a. → interlobar a.
B.
Arcuate a. → interlobar a. → afferent arteriole → interlobular a.
C.
Segmental a. → arcuate a. → interlobar a. → interlobular a.
D.
Interlobar a. → interlobular a. → segmental a. → arcuate a.
E.
Segmental a. → interlobar a. →arcuate a. → interlobular a.
Question #11
The deep region of the penis, surrounding the urethra, that engorges with blood during an erection is known as the ________.
A.
scrotum
B.
corpus spongiosum
C.
ductus (vas) deferens
D.
epididymis
E.
corpus cavernosum
Question #12
Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?
A.
They help control blood pressure.
B.
They regulate osmolarity of the body fluids.
C.
They fight osteoporosis by synthesizing vitamin D.
D.
They release waste into the bloodstream.
E.
They indirectly increase oxyhemoglobin.
Question #13
In life threatening starvation, the kidneys synthesize glucose by ________.
A.
deaminating amino acids
B.
contributing to calcium homeostasis
C.
secreting renin
D.
secreting erythropoietin
E.
producing uric acid
Question #14
Assuming all other values are normal, calculate the net filtration pressure in a patient with a drop in capsular hydrostatic pressure to 8 mmHg.
A.
50 mm Hg out
B.
40 mm Hg out
C.
10 mm Hg out
D.
30 mm Hg out
E.
20 mm Hg out
Question #15
The ________ is the site of sperm maturation and storage.
A.
seminiferous tubules
B.
epididymis
C.
ductus (vas) deferens
D.
spermatic cord
E.
rete testis
Question #16
Which of the following is true regarding the blood-testis barrier?
A.
It prevents antibodies in the blood from getting to the germ cells.
B.
It maintains testis temperature at 37°C.
C.
It maintains testis temperature at 35°C.
D.
It prevents blood from getting to the testes.
E.
It prevents heat loss from the testes.
Question #17
The ________ is not an organ of the urinary system.
A.
urethra
B.
urinary bladder
C.
kidney
D.
liver
E.
ureter
Question #18
In ovulation, after expelling the oocyte the follicle becomes a ________ and secretes ________.
A.
corpus albicans; estrogen and progesterone
B.
corpus luteum; estrogen and progesterone
C.
corpus albicans; FSH and LH
D.
corpus luteum; FSH and LH
E.
corpus albicans; progesterone
Question #19
Which of the following is inhibited by testosterone?
A.
Development of secondary sex organs
B.
Development of secondary sex characteristics
C.
Sperm production
D.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion
E.
Libido
Question #20
The ________ innervation of the kidneys reduces urine production, while the function of its ________ innervation is unknown.
A.
enteric; somatic
B.
sympathetic; parasympathetic
C.
peripheral; central
D.
central; peripheral
E.
parasympathetic; sympathetic
Question #21
After puberty, which epithelium lines the vagina?
A.
Transitional epithelium
B.
Stratified squamous epithelium
C.
Simple squamous epithelium
D.
Simple cuboidal epithelium
E.
Simple columnar epithelium
Question #22
Because of the great deal of active transport that occurs here, the ________ of one's nephrons collectively account for about 6% of one's daily resting ATP and caloric consumption.
A.
distal convoluted tubules
B.
loops of Henle
C.
proximal convoluted tubules
D.
collecting ducts
E.
glomeruli
Question #23
In which structure does fertilization usually occur?
A.
Uterine tube
B.
Urinary bladder
C.
Ovary
D.
Uterus
E.
Urethra
Question #24
When it is cold, the ________ contracts and draws the testes closer to the body to keep them warm.
A.
corpus spongiosum
B.
corpus cavernosum
C.
perineum
D.
pampiniform plexus
E.
cremaster
Question #25
What hormone(s) inhibit(s) the secretion of FSH and LH during the female sexual cycle?
A.
GnRH
B.
Estradiol and progesterone
C.
Progesterone
D.
Androgens
E.
Estradiol
Question #26
Why would an enlarged prostate interfere with urination?
A.
It inhibits the micturition reflex.
B.
It inhibits urine production.
C.
It compresses the urethra.
D.
It produces thicker prostatic secretions that block the urethra.
E.
It develops calcified deposits that block the urethra.
Question #27
In meiosis, each parent cell produces ________.
A.
two diploid (2n) cells
B.
four diploid (2n) cells
C.
two haploid (n) cells
D.
haploid (n) cells that are identical to the parent cell
E.
four haploid (n) cells
Question #28
Which of the following is generally accepted as a secondary sex characteristic?
A.
The enlargement of the breasts
B.
The prostate
C.
The presence of testes
D.
The vagina
E.
The uterus
Question #29
The ________ is the small, bilateral organ found lateral to the membranous urethra.
A.
ejaculatory duct
B.
bulbourethral gland
C.
seminal vesicle
D.
prostate
E.
urethra
Question #30
Which of the following would reduce the glomerular filtration rate?
A.
A drop in oncotic pressure
B.
An increase in osmotic pressure in the glomerular capsule
C.
Vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole
D.
Vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole
E.
Vasodilation of the afferent arteriole
Question #31
Which of the following is not true about the anatomy of the urinary system?
A.
The ureters connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
B.
The right kidney is located more inferiorly than the left kidney.
C.
The kidneys are retroperitoneal.
D.
The kidneys are at equal heights within the pelvic cavity.
E.
The urethra of males is longer than the urethra of females.
Question #32
Blood plasma is filtered in the ________.
A.
renal calyx
B.
renal corpuscle
C.
renal column
D.
renal capsule
E.
renal tubule
Question #33
At early puberty, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulate enlargement of the testes.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #34
The transition from an afferent arteriole to an efferent arteriole occurs in the ________.
A.
glomerulus
B.
medulla
C.
vasa recta
D.
cortical radiate veins
E.
peritubular capillaries
Question #35
Which of the following is a direct result of antidiuretic hormone?
A.
Decreased urine volume
B.
Decreased urine molarity
C.
Increased urine salinity
D.
Increased urine acidity
E.
Increased urine volume
Question #36
________ stimulates the interstitial cells of the testes to secrete ________.
A.
Luteinizing hormone (LH); testosterone
B.
Luteinizing hormone (LH); estrogen
C.
Luteinizing hormone (LH); androgen-binding protein (ABP)
D.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); androgen-binding protein (ABP)
E.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH); LH
Question #37
Which of the following is the correct pathway of sperm cells from their formation to ejaculation?
A.
Seminiferous tubule, epididymis, rete testis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
B.
Seminiferous tubule, epididymis, rete testis, urethra, ejaculatory duct, ductus deferens
C.
Seminiferous tubule, rete testis, epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
D.
Seminiferous tubule, rete testis, epididymis, ejaculatory duct, urethra, ductus deferens
E.
Seminiferous tubule, epididymis, rete testis, ejaculatory duct, ductus deferens, urethra
Question #38
Males produce sperm and females produce eggs.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #39
The countercurrent heat exchanger that prevents arterial blood from overheating the testes is the ________.
A.
rete testis
B.
epididymis
C.
scrotal portal system
D.
blood-testis barrier
E.
pampiniform plexus of veins
Question #40
The innermost connective tissue layer protecting the kidney and assisting in staving off infection is known as the ________.
A.
hilum
B.
renal fascia
C.
perirenal fat capsule
D.
renal medulla
E.
fibrous capsule
Question #41
The acrosome contains enzymes used to ________.
A.
penetrate barriers surrounding the ovum
B.
dissolve the stickiness of the semen
C.
dissolve the mucosa of the vagina
D.
penetrate the vagina
E.
dissolve the mucosa of the uterus
Question #42
The penis is homologous to the ________.
A.
urethra
B.
mons pubis
C.
vagina
D.
clitoris
E.
labia minora
Question #43
Hypocalcemia stimulates ________.
A.
an increase in blood urea nitrogen
B.
secretion of parathyroid hormone
C.
a decrease in aldosterone production
D.
vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles
E.
secretion of renin
Question #44
Men have only one ________.
A.
ejaculatory duct
B.
seminal vesicle
C.
bulbourethral gland
D.
corpus cavernosum
E.
prostate
Question #45
Oxytocin stimulates contraction of myoepithelial cell of the mammary acini.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #46
Aldosterone acts on the ________.
A.
distal convoluted tubule
B.
glomerulus
C.
descending limb of the nephron loop
D.
proximal convoluted tubule
E.
medullary portion of the collecting duct
Question #47
Where are follicles located?
A.
Medulla of the ovary
B.
Epithelium of the placenta
C.
Epithelium of the endometrium
D.
Center of the ovum
E.
Cortex of the ovary
Question #48
The ________ muscle is located in the urinary bladder.
A.
corpus spongiosum
B.
distractor
C.
detrusor
D.
corpus cavernosum
E.
pubococcygeus
Question #49
Sexual reproduction entails the union of two gonads to form a zygote
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #50
Which of the following is not a function of the nurse cells?
A.
They secrete androgen-binding protein.
B.
They secrete inhibin.
C.
Their tight junctions form the blood-testis barrier.
D.
They protect and support the germ cells.
E.
They secrete testosterone.
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