Biology 2060 - Anatomy and Physiology II » Summer 2020 » Lecture Exam 3
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Question #1
Which duct transports bile to and from the gallbladder?
A.
Pancreatic duct
B.
Hepatopancreatic duct
C.
Cystic duct
D.
Common bile duct
E.
Hepatic duct
Question #2
The projections on the superior surface of the tongue, some of which house taste buds, are the
A.
papillae.
B.
glossal spines.
C.
cilia.
D.
rugae.
E.
tonsils.
Question #3
Which list of terms progresses from the most superficial structure to the deepest?
A.
Visceral peritoneum, parietal peritoneum, peritoneal cavity
B.
Visceral peritoneum, peritoneal cavity, parietal peritoneum
C.
Peritoneal cavity, visceral peritoneum, parietal peritoneum
D.
Parietal peritoneum, peritoneal cavity, visceral peritoneum
Question #4
Manufacturers of some medications used to treat heartburn advertise that their products shut down the acid-producing pumps in the stomach. Where are these "acid-producing pumps"? In other words, which type of gastric gland cell secretes acid?
A.
Parietal cells
B.
Surface mucous cells
C.
Chief cells
D.
Enteroendocrine cells
E.
Mucous neck cells
Question #5
Villi
A.
All of the choices are correct.
B.
contain both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.
C.
are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract.
D.
generate movement of materials in the large intestine.
E.
increase surface area in the small intestine.
Question #6
The gallbladder is part of the gastrointestinal tract.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #7
What is the correct order for the list of structures of the large intestine, starting at the cecum and ending at the rectum? a: Left colic flexure b: Ascending colon c: Transverse colon d: Right colic flexure e: Sigmoid colon f: Descending colon
A.
f, c, d, e, a, b
B.
b, d, c, a, f, e
C.
e, b, d, c, a, f
D.
b, a, c, d, f, e
E.
e, b, a, c, d, f
Question #8
Mucin ________ the viscosity of mucus, facilitating the ________ of dust and dirt particles
A.
increases; trapping
B.
decreases; exocytosis
C.
increases; diluting
D.
decreases; flushing
Question #9
Airflow is ________ related to the pressure gradient and ________ related to resistance.
A.
inversely; inversely
B.
directly; inversely
C.
directly; directly
D.
inversely; directly
Question #10
Airway obstruction can lead to hypoventilation, which can cause
A.
hypocapnia and hyperpnea.
B.
hypocapnia and respiratory acidosis.
C.
hypocapnia and respiratory alkalosis.
D.
hypoxia and respiratory acidosis.
E.
hypoxia and respiratory alkalosis.
Question #11
Maltase is a brush border enzyme of the small intestine that digests the sugar maltose.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #12
Mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors are found in the
A.
muscularis interna of the entire length of the GI tract.
B.
myenteric plexus of the mucosa of the intestine.
C.
epithelium of the inferior portion of the GI tract.
D.
mucosa and submucosa of the GI tract along its length.
E.
adventitia of the upper portion of the GI tract.
Question #13
The expiratory reserve volume plus the residual volume equals the
A.
forced expiratory volume.
B.
inspiratory reserve volume.
C.
vital capacity.
D.
tidal volume.
E.
functional residual capacity.
Question #14
Terminal bronchioles of the lower respiratory system are lined with
A.
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
B.
simple cuboidal epithelium.
C.
nonkeratinized stratified squamous.
D.
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
E.
stratified columnar epithelium.
Question #15
Exposure to irritants causes mucus production to
A.
decrease.
B.
increase.
Question #16
What type of epithelium lines the majority of the oral cavity?
A.
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar
B.
Nonkeratinized stratified cuboidal
C.
Keratinized stratified squamous
D.
Nonkeratinized stratified squamous
E.
Keratinized stratified cuboidal
Question #17
"Segmentation" within the small intestine refers to the
A.
division of function between the different segments of the small intestine.
B.
back-and-forth motion that mixes chyme with glandular secretions.
C.
gastroileal reflex that moves materials from the stomach to the large intestine.
D.
propulsion of material between the segments of the GI tract.
Question #18
Which bone does not contain a paranasal sinus?
A.
Sphenoid bone
B.
Maxilla
C.
Ethmoid bone
D.
Mandible
E.
Frontal bone
Question #19
Duodenal glands (Brunner glands) that secrete a viscous mucus into the small intestine are located in the
A.
mucosa.
B.
adventitia.
C.
submucosa.
D.
serosa.
E.
muscularis interna.
Question #20
Which do not belong to the respiratory zone of the respiratory system?
A.
Pulmonary alveoli
B.
Respiratory bronchioles
C.
Terminal bronchioles
D.
Alveolar sacs
E.
Alveolar ducts
Question #21
What structures compose a portal triad?
A.
Branches of the common bile duct, central vein, and hepatic artery
B.
Branches of the hepatic artery, hepatic vein, and hepatic duct
C.
Branches of the cystic duct, central vein, and hepatic artery
D.
Branches of the hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein, and hepatic duct
E.
Branches of the hepatic duct, cystic duct, and central vein
Question #22
A sphincter is a
A.
thickening of the circular layer of the muscularis that controls movement of materials through the GI tract.
B.
circle of adventitia that anchors the GI tract to neighboring structures.
C.
thickening of the longitudinal layer of the muscularis that propels materials through the GI tract.
D.
fold of the mucosa of the GI tract that increases the total surface area for absorption of nutrients.
Question #23
Stenosis (constriction) of the pyloric sphincter would interfere with
A.
mucus secretion.
B.
passage of chyme into the duodenum.
C.
passage of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum.
D.
passage of a bolus into the stomach.
E.
peristalsis.
Question #24
Lipid molecules that are absorbed from the GI tract enter
A.
mesenteric arteries.
B.
lymphatic capillaries.
C.
the liver.
D.
mesenteric veins.
Question #25
Pepsinogen is an
A.
active enzyme that is released in the small intestine and digests carbohydrates.
B.
inactive precursor to a nonspecific enzyme that is synthesized in the pancreas and released in the small intestine.
C.
active enzyme that digests proteins within the small intestine.
D.
inactive precursor to the enzyme pepsin that digests proteins in the stomach.
Question #26
The term "canines" describes the teeth that
A.
are lateral to the incisors, used for puncturing and tearing.
B.
bear dental cusps for cutting and grinding.
C.
are most anterior, used for slicing and cutting.
D.
are only found as permanent teeth.
Question #27
These muscles extend from a superior rib inferomedially to the adjacent inferior rib. They elevate the ribs upon contraction, thereby increasing the transverse dimensions of the thoracic cavity during inhalation.
A.
Transversus thoracis
B.
Internal intercostals
C.
Serratus posterior inferior
D.
Scalenes
E.
External intercostals
Question #28
The pancreas is located primarily on the ________ side of the body, and it produces an _______ juice that is rich in a variety of enzymes.
A.
left, acidic
B.
left, alkaline
C.
right, alkaline
D.
right, acidic
Question #29
Vitamin K and B vitamins produced by bacteria of the large intestine are absorbed into the blood
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #30
As blood travels through a systemic capillary and exchanges gases with systemic cells,
A.
the partial pressure of oxygen in blood increases as it goes from arterioles to venules.
B.
the partial pressure of oxygen on blood remains the same as it goes from arterioles to venules.
C.
the partial pressure of oxygen in blood decreases as it goes from arterioles to venules.
Question #31
Foreign particles
A.
lodge equally often in each of the two primary bronchi.
B.
are more likely to lodge in the right primary bronchus.
C.
are more likely to lodge in the left primary bronchus.
Question #32
What prevents the trachea from collapsing?
A.
The internal air pressure within the trachea
B.
The surrounding muscles
C.
The C-shaped cartilaginous rings
D.
The internal epithelium
Question #33
If a fatty meal has been ingested, the liver and gallbladder need to be alerted about the need for bile. The receptors that are responsible for sensing the fat in the ingested food are referred to as
A.
chemoreceptors.
B.
mechanoreceptors.
C.
osmodetectors.
D.
bilireceptors.
E.
omental neurons
Question #34
Lysozyme within saliva primarily functions to
A.
inhibit bacterial growth.
B.
wash materials off teeth.
C.
moisten and disperse food.
D.
initiate the chemical breakdown of starch.
Question #35
Which bones form the hard palate?
A.
Ethmoid and sphenoid bones
B.
Maxillae and sphenoid
C.
Palatine bones
D.
Maxillae and inferior nasal conchae
E.
Palatine bones and maxillae
Question #36
Peristalsis
A.
is the alternating contraction of muscle layers in the GI tract wall that propels materials through the tract.
B.
involves back-and-forth movement for mixing.
C.
All of the choices are correct.
D.
is under voluntary control.
E.
involves the opening and closing of muscular sphincters.
Question #37
Stenosis (constriction) of the hepatopancreatic ampulla would interfere with
A.
the passage of chyme into the small intestine.
B.
peristalsis.
C.
the transport of bile and pancreatic juice.
D.
salivary gland secretion.
E.
the secretion of mucus.
Question #38
Inspiratory capacity is greater than inspiratory reserve volume.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #39
Which organ is retroperitoneal?
A.
Cecum
B.
Transverse colon
C.
Stomach
D.
Jejunum
E.
Pancreas
Question #40
The alveolar cell that secretes pulmonary surfactant is the
A.
alveolar macrophage.
B.
alveolar type I cell.
C.
alveolar type II cell.
D.
dust cell.
E.
squamous alveolar cell.
Question #41
Of the five types of secretory cells in the gastric glands, which ones secrete pepsinogen?
A.
Enteroendocrine cells
B.
Parietal cells
C.
Mucous neck cells
D.
Chief cells
E.
Surface mucous cells
Question #42
The male voice tends to be in a lower range than a female's voice because men have
A.
longer and thicker vocal folds.
B.
shorter and fatter vestibular ligaments.
C.
wider arytenoid cartilages.
D.
more air to push through the rima glottidis.
E.
more taut vestibular folds.
Question #43
The pharyngeal phase of swallowing is a voluntary process that is controlled by the cerebral cortex.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #44
Secretin is a hormone that is secreted by the
A.
liver.
B.
stomach.
C.
pancreas.
D.
large intestine.
E.
small intestine.
Question #45
The larynx is supported by nine pieces of cartilage. Which cartilages occur in pairs?
A.
Corniculate and cricoid
B.
Arytenoid and epiglottis
C.
Corniculate, cuneiform, and arytenoid
D.
Thyroid and corniculate
E.
Cricoid, corniculate, and arytenoid
Question #46
What is the name of the column of neurons within the medulla that initiates neural impulses for inspiration and expiration?
A.
Phrenic nucleus
B.
Pontine respiratory center
C.
Ventral respiratory group
D.
Dorsal respiratory group
Question #47
Which cranial nerves innervate the salivary glands?
A.
VII and IX
B.
V and XI
C.
VI and IX
D.
XI and XII
E.
V and VII
Question #48
Which region(s) of the pharynx is lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium?
A.
Circular layer of muscularis
B.
Muscularis mucosae
C.
Lamina propria
D.
Longitudinal layer of muscularis
E.
Basement membrane
Question #49
This figure shows an intestinal villus. What specific layer does number 4 indicate?
A.
protease.
B.
pepsin.
C.
amylase.
D.
nuclease.
E.
pancreatase.
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