Biology 2060 - Anatomy and Physiology II » Summer 2020 » Lecture Exam 3
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Question #1
Which duct transports bile to and from the gallbladder?
A.
Common bile duct
B.
Cystic duct
C.
Hepatopancreatic duct
D.
Hepatic duct
E.
Pancreatic duct
Question #2
The projections on the superior surface of the tongue, some of which house taste buds, are the
A.
papillae.
B.
glossal spines.
C.
tonsils.
D.
cilia.
E.
rugae.
Question #3
Which list of terms progresses from the most superficial structure to the deepest?
A.
Visceral peritoneum, parietal peritoneum, peritoneal cavity
B.
Visceral peritoneum, peritoneal cavity, parietal peritoneum
C.
Peritoneal cavity, visceral peritoneum, parietal peritoneum
D.
Parietal peritoneum, peritoneal cavity, visceral peritoneum
Question #4
Manufacturers of some medications used to treat heartburn advertise that their products shut down the acid-producing pumps in the stomach. Where are these "acid-producing pumps"? In other words, which type of gastric gland cell secretes acid?
A.
Chief cells
B.
Parietal cells
C.
Enteroendocrine cells
D.
Mucous neck cells
E.
Surface mucous cells
Question #5
Villi
A.
increase surface area in the small intestine.
B.
are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract.
C.
contain both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.
D.
All of the choices are correct.
E.
generate movement of materials in the large intestine.
Question #6
The gallbladder is part of the gastrointestinal tract.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #7
What is the correct order for the list of structures of the large intestine, starting at the cecum and ending at the rectum? a: Left colic flexure b: Ascending colon c: Transverse colon d: Right colic flexure e: Sigmoid colon f: Descending colon
A.
f, c, d, e, a, b
B.
b, d, c, a, f, e
C.
e, b, d, c, a, f
D.
b, a, c, d, f, e
E.
e, b, a, c, d, f
Question #8
Mucin ________ the viscosity of mucus, facilitating the ________ of dust and dirt particles
A.
increases; trapping
B.
increases; diluting
C.
decreases; flushing
D.
decreases; exocytosis
Question #9
Airflow is ________ related to the pressure gradient and ________ related to resistance.
A.
inversely; directly
B.
directly; inversely
C.
directly; directly
D.
inversely; inversely
Question #10
Airway obstruction can lead to hypoventilation, which can cause
A.
hypocapnia and hyperpnea.
B.
hypocapnia and respiratory alkalosis.
C.
hypoxia and respiratory acidosis.
D.
hypoxia and respiratory alkalosis.
E.
hypocapnia and respiratory acidosis.
Question #11
Maltase is a brush border enzyme of the small intestine that digests the sugar maltose.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #12
Mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors are found in the
A.
muscularis interna of the entire length of the GI tract.
B.
epithelium of the inferior portion of the GI tract.
C.
myenteric plexus of the mucosa of the intestine.
D.
mucosa and submucosa of the GI tract along its length.
E.
adventitia of the upper portion of the GI tract.
Question #13
The expiratory reserve volume plus the residual volume equals the
A.
inspiratory reserve volume.
B.
functional residual capacity.
C.
forced expiratory volume.
D.
tidal volume.
E.
vital capacity.
Question #14
Terminal bronchioles of the lower respiratory system are lined with
A.
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
B.
stratified columnar epithelium.
C.
simple cuboidal epithelium.
D.
nonkeratinized stratified squamous.
E.
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
Question #15
Exposure to irritants causes mucus production to
A.
decrease.
B.
increase.
Question #16
What type of epithelium lines the majority of the oral cavity?
A.
Nonkeratinized stratified squamous
B.
Nonkeratinized stratified cuboidal
C.
Keratinized stratified squamous
D.
Keratinized stratified cuboidal
E.
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar
Question #17
"Segmentation" within the small intestine refers to the
A.
propulsion of material between the segments of the GI tract.
B.
gastroileal reflex that moves materials from the stomach to the large intestine.
C.
division of function between the different segments of the small intestine.
D.
back-and-forth motion that mixes chyme with glandular secretions.
Question #18
Which bone does not contain a paranasal sinus?
A.
Ethmoid bone
B.
Sphenoid bone
C.
Mandible
D.
Frontal bone
E.
Maxilla
Question #19
Duodenal glands (Brunner glands) that secrete a viscous mucus into the small intestine are located in the
A.
submucosa.
B.
mucosa.
C.
adventitia.
D.
muscularis interna.
E.
serosa.
Question #20
Which do not belong to the respiratory zone of the respiratory system?
A.
Pulmonary alveoli
B.
Alveolar sacs
C.
Alveolar ducts
D.
Respiratory bronchioles
E.
Terminal bronchioles
Question #21
What structures compose a portal triad?
A.
Branches of the hepatic artery, hepatic vein, and hepatic duct
B.
Branches of the hepatic duct, cystic duct, and central vein
C.
Branches of the common bile duct, central vein, and hepatic artery
D.
Branches of the cystic duct, central vein, and hepatic artery
E.
Branches of the hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein, and hepatic duct
Question #22
A sphincter is a
A.
thickening of the circular layer of the muscularis that controls movement of materials through the GI tract.
B.
thickening of the longitudinal layer of the muscularis that propels materials through the GI tract.
C.
circle of adventitia that anchors the GI tract to neighboring structures.
D.
fold of the mucosa of the GI tract that increases the total surface area for absorption of nutrients.
Question #23
Stenosis (constriction) of the pyloric sphincter would interfere with
A.
passage of a bolus into the stomach.
B.
passage of chyme into the duodenum.
C.
passage of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum.
D.
mucus secretion.
E.
peristalsis.
Question #24
Lipid molecules that are absorbed from the GI tract enter
A.
mesenteric arteries.
B.
mesenteric veins.
C.
the liver.
D.
lymphatic capillaries.
Question #25
Pepsinogen is an
A.
active enzyme that is released in the small intestine and digests carbohydrates.
B.
inactive precursor to a nonspecific enzyme that is synthesized in the pancreas and released in the small intestine.
C.
active enzyme that digests proteins within the small intestine.
D.
inactive precursor to the enzyme pepsin that digests proteins in the stomach.
Question #26
The term "canines" describes the teeth that
A.
are lateral to the incisors, used for puncturing and tearing.
B.
are only found as permanent teeth.
C.
bear dental cusps for cutting and grinding.
D.
are most anterior, used for slicing and cutting.
Question #27
These muscles extend from a superior rib inferomedially to the adjacent inferior rib. They elevate the ribs upon contraction, thereby increasing the transverse dimensions of the thoracic cavity during inhalation.
A.
Scalenes
B.
Internal intercostals
C.
Transversus thoracis
D.
External intercostals
E.
Serratus posterior inferior
Question #28
The pancreas is located primarily on the ________ side of the body, and it produces an _______ juice that is rich in a variety of enzymes.
A.
left, acidic
B.
left, alkaline
C.
right, alkaline
D.
right, acidic
Question #29
Vitamin K and B vitamins produced by bacteria of the large intestine are absorbed into the blood
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #30
As blood travels through a systemic capillary and exchanges gases with systemic cells,
A.
the partial pressure of oxygen on blood remains the same as it goes from arterioles to venules.
B.
the partial pressure of oxygen in blood decreases as it goes from arterioles to venules.
C.
the partial pressure of oxygen in blood increases as it goes from arterioles to venules.
Question #31
Foreign particles
A.
are more likely to lodge in the left primary bronchus.
B.
are more likely to lodge in the right primary bronchus.
C.
lodge equally often in each of the two primary bronchi.
Question #32
What prevents the trachea from collapsing?
A.
The surrounding muscles
B.
The internal air pressure within the trachea
C.
The C-shaped cartilaginous rings
D.
The internal epithelium
Question #33
If a fatty meal has been ingested, the liver and gallbladder need to be alerted about the need for bile. The receptors that are responsible for sensing the fat in the ingested food are referred to as
A.
mechanoreceptors.
B.
osmodetectors.
C.
bilireceptors.
D.
chemoreceptors.
E.
omental neurons
Question #34
Lysozyme within saliva primarily functions to
A.
moisten and disperse food.
B.
initiate the chemical breakdown of starch.
C.
wash materials off teeth.
D.
inhibit bacterial growth.
Question #35
Which bones form the hard palate?
A.
Maxillae and inferior nasal conchae
B.
Maxillae and sphenoid
C.
Palatine bones
D.
Palatine bones and maxillae
E.
Ethmoid and sphenoid bones
Question #36
Peristalsis
A.
is the alternating contraction of muscle layers in the GI tract wall that propels materials through the tract.
B.
is under voluntary control.
C.
All of the choices are correct.
D.
involves back-and-forth movement for mixing.
E.
involves the opening and closing of muscular sphincters.
Question #37
Stenosis (constriction) of the hepatopancreatic ampulla would interfere with
A.
the transport of bile and pancreatic juice.
B.
peristalsis.
C.
the secretion of mucus.
D.
the passage of chyme into the small intestine.
E.
salivary gland secretion.
Question #38
Inspiratory capacity is greater than inspiratory reserve volume.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #39
Which organ is retroperitoneal?
A.
Transverse colon
B.
Stomach
C.
Cecum
D.
Jejunum
E.
Pancreas
Question #40
The alveolar cell that secretes pulmonary surfactant is the
A.
alveolar type I cell.
B.
alveolar type II cell.
C.
dust cell.
D.
squamous alveolar cell.
E.
alveolar macrophage.
Question #41
Of the five types of secretory cells in the gastric glands, which ones secrete pepsinogen?
A.
Surface mucous cells
B.
Chief cells
C.
Enteroendocrine cells
D.
Mucous neck cells
E.
Parietal cells
Question #42
The male voice tends to be in a lower range than a female's voice because men have
A.
more air to push through the rima glottidis.
B.
shorter and fatter vestibular ligaments.
C.
more taut vestibular folds.
D.
wider arytenoid cartilages.
E.
longer and thicker vocal folds.
Question #43
The pharyngeal phase of swallowing is a voluntary process that is controlled by the cerebral cortex.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #44
Secretin is a hormone that is secreted by the
A.
pancreas.
B.
small intestine.
C.
stomach.
D.
large intestine.
E.
liver.
Question #45
The larynx is supported by nine pieces of cartilage. Which cartilages occur in pairs?
A.
Thyroid and corniculate
B.
Cricoid, corniculate, and arytenoid
C.
Corniculate, cuneiform, and arytenoid
D.
Arytenoid and epiglottis
E.
Corniculate and cricoid
Question #46
What is the name of the column of neurons within the medulla that initiates neural impulses for inspiration and expiration?
A.
Pontine respiratory center
B.
Ventral respiratory group
C.
Phrenic nucleus
D.
Dorsal respiratory group
Question #47
Which cranial nerves innervate the salivary glands?
A.
V and XI
B.
V and VII
C.
VII and IX
D.
VI and IX
E.
XI and XII
Question #48
Which region(s) of the pharynx is lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium?
A.
Longitudinal layer of muscularis
B.
Lamina propria
C.
Circular layer of muscularis
D.
Muscularis mucosae
E.
Basement membrane
Question #49
This figure shows an intestinal villus. What specific layer does number 4 indicate?
A.
pancreatase.
B.
protease.
C.
pepsin.
D.
nuclease.
E.
amylase.
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