Psychology 16 - Lifespan Development » Summer 2020 » Chapter 1 Quiz

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Question #1
Students who are foreign-born or first-generation Americans __________ than students of native-born parents.
A.   are more likely to commit delinquent and violent acts
B.   are more likely to be obese
C.   often achieve in school as well as or better
D.   tend to report lower self-esteem
Question #2
According to Jean Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory, __________.
A.   adult teaching is the best way to foster development
B.   children's learning depends on reinforcers, such as rewards from adults
C.   rapid development occurs during sensitive periods
D.   children actively construct knowledge as they manipulate and explore their world
Question #3
Dr. George predicted that positive reinforcement would increase prosocial behavior in preschoolers. Dr. George's prediction is an example of a __________.
A.   hypothesis
B.   research question
C.   theory
D.   research design
Question #4
One criticism of Freud's psychosexual theory was that it __________.
A.   offered too narrow a view of important environmental influences
B.   did not apply to other cultures
C.   underemphasized the influence of sexual feelings
D.   compared human development to the evolution of the human species
Question #5
Developmental social neuroscience __________.
A.   involves the design of flowcharts to map the precise steps individuals use to complete tasks
B.   involves the study of brain activity and the individual's linear and logical cognitive processing patterns
C.   is devoted to studying the relationship between changes in the brain and emotional and social development
D.   emphasizes that preschoolers' thinking is full of faulty logic because they engage in hands-on exploration
Question #6
Although Betty grew up in a rundown neighborhood, had divorced parents, and rarely saw her father, she is a successful, happy, and healthy adult. Betty's ability to adapt effectively in the face of threats to development is known as __________.
A.   assimilation
B.   resilience
C.   age-graded development
D.   multidimensional development
Question #7
The first successful intelligence test was originally constructed to __________.
A.   measure individual differences in IQ
B.   document age-related improvements in children's intellectual functioning
C.   compare the scores of people who varied in gender, ethnicity, and birth order
D.   identify children with learning problems who needed to be placed in special classes
Question #8
In a(n) __________ design, participants are studied repeatedly at different ages, and changes are noted as they get older.
A.   longitudinal
B.   experimental
C.   cross-sectional
D.   correlational
Question #9
Increasingly, researchers __________.
A.   view heredity as more influential than the environment
B.   assume that development stops at adolescence
C.   view old age as a period of decline
D.   see development as a perpetually ongoing process
Question #10
Many theorists believe that behaviorism and social learning theory __________.
A.   overemphasize the plasticity of cognitive development
B.   offer too narrow a view of important environmental influences
C.   overemphasize each individual's unique life history
D.   overestimate people's contributions to their own development
Question #11
What is one limitation of the ethnographic method?
A.   It relies on unobtrusive techniques, such as surveillance cameras and one-way mirrors.
B.   It provides little information about the reasoning behind participants' responses.
C.   It provides little information on how children and adults actually behave.
D.   Investigators' cultural values sometimes lead them to misinterpret what they see.
Question #12
Dr. Langley's work is devoted to understanding constancy and change throughout the lifespan. Dr. Langley's field of study is __________.
A.   adolescent development
B.   genetics
C.   developmental science
D.   clinical psychology
Question #13
The information-processing approach views the human mind as a __________.
A.   system of genetically programmed behaviors
B.   collection of stimuli and responses
C.   symbol-manipulating system through which information flows
D.   socially mediated process
Question #14
A sequential design __________.
A.   makes cross-sectional, but not longitudinal, comparisons
B.   permits researchers to check if cohort effects are operating
C.   does not address diversity in developmental outcomes
D.   is less efficient than a longitudinal design
Question #15
Ethnographies reveal that immigrant parents view __________ as the surest way to improve life chances.
A.   close ties to an ethnic community
B.   education
C.   learning English
D.   moving into an urban area

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