Psychology 16 - Lifespan Development » Summer 2020 » Chapter 1 Quiz

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Question #1
Students who are foreign-born or first-generation Americans __________ than students of native-born parents.
A.   are more likely to commit delinquent and violent acts
B.   tend to report lower self-esteem
C.   often achieve in school as well as or better
D.   are more likely to be obese
Question #2
According to Jean Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory, __________.
A.   rapid development occurs during sensitive periods
B.   children's learning depends on reinforcers, such as rewards from adults
C.   children actively construct knowledge as they manipulate and explore their world
D.   adult teaching is the best way to foster development
Question #3
Dr. George predicted that positive reinforcement would increase prosocial behavior in preschoolers. Dr. George's prediction is an example of a __________.
A.   theory
B.   research design
C.   hypothesis
D.   research question
Question #4
One criticism of Freud's psychosexual theory was that it __________.
A.   offered too narrow a view of important environmental influences
B.   did not apply to other cultures
C.   compared human development to the evolution of the human species
D.   underemphasized the influence of sexual feelings
Question #5
Developmental social neuroscience __________.
A.   emphasizes that preschoolers' thinking is full of faulty logic because they engage in hands-on exploration
B.   is devoted to studying the relationship between changes in the brain and emotional and social development
C.   involves the design of flowcharts to map the precise steps individuals use to complete tasks
D.   involves the study of brain activity and the individual's linear and logical cognitive processing patterns
Question #6
Although Betty grew up in a rundown neighborhood, had divorced parents, and rarely saw her father, she is a successful, happy, and healthy adult. Betty's ability to adapt effectively in the face of threats to development is known as __________.
A.   resilience
B.   assimilation
C.   multidimensional development
D.   age-graded development
Question #7
The first successful intelligence test was originally constructed to __________.
A.   identify children with learning problems who needed to be placed in special classes
B.   measure individual differences in IQ
C.   compare the scores of people who varied in gender, ethnicity, and birth order
D.   document age-related improvements in children's intellectual functioning
Question #8
In a(n) __________ design, participants are studied repeatedly at different ages, and changes are noted as they get older.
A.   experimental
B.   longitudinal
C.   cross-sectional
D.   correlational
Question #9
Increasingly, researchers __________.
A.   view old age as a period of decline
B.   view heredity as more influential than the environment
C.   see development as a perpetually ongoing process
D.   assume that development stops at adolescence
Question #10
Many theorists believe that behaviorism and social learning theory __________.
A.   overemphasize each individual's unique life history
B.   overestimate people's contributions to their own development
C.   overemphasize the plasticity of cognitive development
D.   offer too narrow a view of important environmental influences
Question #11
What is one limitation of the ethnographic method?
A.   It provides little information on how children and adults actually behave.
B.   It relies on unobtrusive techniques, such as surveillance cameras and one-way mirrors.
C.   Investigators' cultural values sometimes lead them to misinterpret what they see.
D.   It provides little information about the reasoning behind participants' responses.
Question #12
Dr. Langley's work is devoted to understanding constancy and change throughout the lifespan. Dr. Langley's field of study is __________.
A.   genetics
B.   adolescent development
C.   developmental science
D.   clinical psychology
Question #13
The information-processing approach views the human mind as a __________.
A.   symbol-manipulating system through which information flows
B.   system of genetically programmed behaviors
C.   collection of stimuli and responses
D.   socially mediated process
Question #14
A sequential design __________.
A.   is less efficient than a longitudinal design
B.   does not address diversity in developmental outcomes
C.   permits researchers to check if cohort effects are operating
D.   makes cross-sectional, but not longitudinal, comparisons
Question #15
Ethnographies reveal that immigrant parents view __________ as the surest way to improve life chances.
A.   learning English
B.   education
C.   moving into an urban area
D.   close ties to an ethnic community

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