Psychology 16 - Lifespan Development » Summer 2020 » Chapter 1 Quiz

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Question #1
Students who are foreign-born or first-generation Americans __________ than students of native-born parents.
A.   are more likely to commit delinquent and violent acts
B.   tend to report lower self-esteem
C.   are more likely to be obese
D.   often achieve in school as well as or better
Question #2
According to Jean Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory, __________.
A.   children's learning depends on reinforcers, such as rewards from adults
B.   rapid development occurs during sensitive periods
C.   children actively construct knowledge as they manipulate and explore their world
D.   adult teaching is the best way to foster development
Question #3
Dr. George predicted that positive reinforcement would increase prosocial behavior in preschoolers. Dr. George's prediction is an example of a __________.
A.   theory
B.   research question
C.   research design
D.   hypothesis
Question #4
One criticism of Freud's psychosexual theory was that it __________.
A.   compared human development to the evolution of the human species
B.   underemphasized the influence of sexual feelings
C.   did not apply to other cultures
D.   offered too narrow a view of important environmental influences
Question #5
Developmental social neuroscience __________.
A.   emphasizes that preschoolers' thinking is full of faulty logic because they engage in hands-on exploration
B.   involves the design of flowcharts to map the precise steps individuals use to complete tasks
C.   is devoted to studying the relationship between changes in the brain and emotional and social development
D.   involves the study of brain activity and the individual's linear and logical cognitive processing patterns
Question #6
Although Betty grew up in a rundown neighborhood, had divorced parents, and rarely saw her father, she is a successful, happy, and healthy adult. Betty's ability to adapt effectively in the face of threats to development is known as __________.
A.   assimilation
B.   multidimensional development
C.   age-graded development
D.   resilience
Question #7
The first successful intelligence test was originally constructed to __________.
A.   measure individual differences in IQ
B.   document age-related improvements in children's intellectual functioning
C.   compare the scores of people who varied in gender, ethnicity, and birth order
D.   identify children with learning problems who needed to be placed in special classes
Question #8
In a(n) __________ design, participants are studied repeatedly at different ages, and changes are noted as they get older.
A.   cross-sectional
B.   experimental
C.   longitudinal
D.   correlational
Question #9
Increasingly, researchers __________.
A.   assume that development stops at adolescence
B.   view heredity as more influential than the environment
C.   view old age as a period of decline
D.   see development as a perpetually ongoing process
Question #10
Many theorists believe that behaviorism and social learning theory __________.
A.   overestimate people's contributions to their own development
B.   overemphasize the plasticity of cognitive development
C.   overemphasize each individual's unique life history
D.   offer too narrow a view of important environmental influences
Question #11
What is one limitation of the ethnographic method?
A.   Investigators' cultural values sometimes lead them to misinterpret what they see.
B.   It provides little information on how children and adults actually behave.
C.   It provides little information about the reasoning behind participants' responses.
D.   It relies on unobtrusive techniques, such as surveillance cameras and one-way mirrors.
Question #12
Dr. Langley's work is devoted to understanding constancy and change throughout the lifespan. Dr. Langley's field of study is __________.
A.   adolescent development
B.   genetics
C.   developmental science
D.   clinical psychology
Question #13
The information-processing approach views the human mind as a __________.
A.   system of genetically programmed behaviors
B.   symbol-manipulating system through which information flows
C.   socially mediated process
D.   collection of stimuli and responses
Question #14
A sequential design __________.
A.   is less efficient than a longitudinal design
B.   permits researchers to check if cohort effects are operating
C.   makes cross-sectional, but not longitudinal, comparisons
D.   does not address diversity in developmental outcomes
Question #15
Ethnographies reveal that immigrant parents view __________ as the surest way to improve life chances.
A.   moving into an urban area
B.   education
C.   close ties to an ethnic community
D.   learning English

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