Psychology 150 - Introduction to Psychology » Summer 2020 » Exam 5

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Question #1
Randy has joined a new social club on campus. Is it likely that Randy will:
A.   form the impressions he makes of these club members after only one meeting
B.   not form impressions of these club members on physical characteristics
C.   carefully form the impressions he makes of these club members only after repeated meetings
D.   form the most positive impressions of those with whom he interacted least
Question #2
The ________ heuristic is one in which the likelihood of an object belonging to a category is evaluated based on the extent to which the object appears similar to one’s mental conceptualization of the category.
A.   similarity
B.     
C.   availability
D.   representativeness
E.   compare and contrast
Question #3
Which of the following is a possible outcome when individuals’ implicit and explicit attitudes do not match?
A.   They are quicker at evaluating or categorizing attitude objects.
B.   They will show resistance when being primed about a topic.
C.   They are unaware they hold an actual bias, such as a bias towards an ethnic minority.
D.   Their direct, self-reports will best predict behavior such as their choice to purchase designer jeans.
Question #4
Javari is teaching a psychology class and tells his students, “Kenna is 31, single, outspoken, and bright. She majored in philosophy in college. As a student, Kenna was deeply concerned with discrimination and other social issues.” When Javari asked his class if it was more likely that Kenna was A) a bank teller or B) a bank teller AND a feminist, most people in his class chose option B. Javari explained that their answer was incorrect because their _____________ heuristic led them astray.
A.   availability
B.   shortcut
C.   fluency
D.   representativeness
Question #5
People are usually motivated in some way when making social judgments and decisions. What often occurs as a result of having directional goals?
A.   People may wait to make a decision on where to eat if they have a need for closure.
B.   People may be skeptical about evidence that goes against their directional goal.
C.   People may overestimate the intensity of future feelings.
D.   People may ignore base-rates when judging representativeness.
Question #6
The durability bias occurs when a person overestimates how long their feelings might last. This bias is a type of:
A.   affective forecasting
B.   directional goal
C.   schema
D.   availability heuristic
Question #7
Mood-congruent memory is occurring in which of the following scenarios?
A.   Jasmine is feeling anxious but is having a difficult time recalling how nervous she was to give a public speech.
B.   Yesterday Janis was remembering all the hardships she’s been through in her life but today she felt happy after getting engaged.
C.   The sunny day is making Jaden happy, helping him to recall what he ate for breakfast this morning when he was in a hurry.
D.   John is currently sad and can more easily recall a time when he got in trouble for a late assignment.
Question #8
Chukwudi believes that atheists cannot be trusted. As a result, he refuses to hire anyone who does not regularly attend church. Chukwudi’s action is an example of __________.
A.   a heuristic.
B.   the self-serving bias.
C.   discrimination.
D.   a stereotype.
Question #9
Aversive racism is an example of ________ bias.
A.   ambiguous
B.   automatic
C.   implicit
D.   ambivalent
Question #10
16-year-old high school student Gregory thinks of himself as a member of the “musical clique” at school and feels that the musicians are the best group of students. He thinks poorly of athletes and spends most of his time with peers who share similar interest. This is an example of __________ theory.
A.   subtle prejudice
B.   self-categorization
C.   automatic bias
D.   benevolent schemata
Question #11
Mordechai lives in a neighborhood where nearly every home is owned by other orthodox Jewish families. He is very upset when he finds out that a house on his block has been purchased by a family who is Catholic. He feels that Jewish families are better than others, and does not want this family to live on his block. Mordechai is demonstrating a ________ orientation.
A.   social dominance
B.   implicit bias
C.   subtle bias
D.   right-wing authoritarianism
Question #12
According to ________ theory, people tend to categorize each other into groups and then show favoritism to their own group.
A.   social identity
B.   blatant bias
C.   schematic stratification
D.   implicit personality
Question #13
According to the stereotype content model, what would be a person’s most likely response to a person who is perceived as being low in warmth and low in competence?
A.   envy
B.   contempt
C.   paternalism
D.   admiration
Question #14
People who have a high social dominance orientation (SDO) are likely to agree with which of the following statements?
A.   With limited resources we should share economic capital to maintain stability.
B.   Inequality is a socially constructed situation that should be changed.
C.   Even with strong work ethic some people don’t have the opportunity to advance.
D.   Hierarchies are natural, some groups are simply better than others.
Question #15
Walking down the street, Areanna is approached by a police officer. The police officer encourages Areanna to be a Good Samaritan and put money in a parking meter that's about to expire on a stranger's car. What factors might lead Areanna to obey this police officer's order and help pay for the parking meter?
A.   The stranger who needs help is not around or close to her in proximity.
B.   She suspects the police officer is off duty and friends with the stranger.
C.   She has seen the police officer ask others who have disobeyed.
D.   She views the police officer as an authority figure.
Question #16
Nora has decided to visit the new community recreation center for a swim. As she enters the change room she notices both of the two other people present put their shoes into a locker. Before she walks out to the pool she does the same. What concept helps explain her actions?
A.   fixed action patterns
B.   normative influence
C.   obedience
D.   informational influence
Question #17
Ethical concerns have been raised about Stanley Milgram's obedience research. Specifically, some have suggested that the project caused too much distress in the participants, distress that could not be justified. If you were asked your opinion of this issue, which of the following would be a legitimate response?
A.   The majority of participants reported that they were pleased to have participated in the research, so it does not seem to have been damaging to most of those who were involved.
B.   Milgram's participants were paid for their participation, so there is no legitimacy to the statement that the research was unethical.
C.   Milgram's research was certainly unethical, because he conducted it even though he was advised not to do so by his University's Institutional Review Board (IRB).
D.   Milgram conducted a follow-up survey of his participants, and most of them indicated that they were very angry at having been deceived. This means that the research was likely unethical.
Question #18
Which historical event led directly to Milgram's research on obedience?
A.   The virtual eradication of Native Americans by the settlers in the United States
B.   The Bolshevik revolution in Russia
C.   The slave trade from Africa to the United States
D.   German citizens' willingness to go along with Nazi leaders during the Holocaust
Question #19
Which researcher produced the famous studies of obedience that involved deceiving participants into believing that they were delivering electric shocks to a helpless victim?
A.   Asch
B.   Milgram
C.   Hollingsworth
D.   Leininger
Question #20
Which of the following is true of Milgram's (1963, 1965, 1974) research on obedience to authority?
A.   With each increment of shock voltage, a similar proportion of participants obeyed until the highest level (450 volts), where about 35% complied.
B.   With each increment of shock voltage, fewer participants obeyed, but about 65% still administered 450 volts (the highest level).
C.   Approximately two-thirds of participants refused to continue participation well before the highest level (450 volts).
D.   Approximately one-third of participants complied at the highest level of shock (450 volts).
Question #21
Dianne has a reputation for being a difficult person. She is suspicious of others, unhelpful, and not very compassionate. Which of the Big 5 factors of personality would Dianne likely score low in?
A.   openness
B.   extraversion
C.   agreeableness
D.   conscientiousness
Question #22
What are characteristics of the dimension added by the HEXACO model to the Five-Factor Model?
A.   The honesty-trustworthy dimension was added to describe people are truthful, empathetic, and noncompetitive, not liars, callousness, or apathy.
B.   The honesty-trustworthy dimension was added to describe people are defensive, manipulative, and gregarious, not shy, agreeable, or authentic.
C.   The honesty-humility dimension was added to describe people who are ambitious, independent, and optimistic, not pessimistic, interdependent, or lazy.
D.   The honesty-humility dimension was added to describe people who are sincere, fair, and modest, not manipulative, narcissistic, or self-centered.
Question #23
Personality refers to ______.
A.   the unique ways people learn behaviors.
B.   characteristic ways that people differ from one another.
C.   people’s unconscious processes.
D.   a person’s feelings, thoughts, and attitudes
Question #24
In the classic study by Hartshorne, May, Maller, and Shuttleworth (1928), the authors found that if they varied the situation, they could get children to behave honestly or dishonestly depending on the situation. This study supports the belief that ______.
A.   children’s ethical behavior is genetically determined
B.   children’s ethical behavior depends on their parents
C.   children’s ethical behavior depends on the situation
D.   children’s ethical behavior depends on their personality
Question #25
___________ is the desire to make significant accomplishments by mastering skills or meeting high standards.
A.   Sensation seeking
B.   Need for achievement
C.   Self-consciousness
D.   Need for cognition

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