Biology 003 - Introduction to Biology » Summer 2020 » Exam 1

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Question #1
Identify the reactants in the following chemical reaction: C10H8 + 12 O2 → 10 CO2 + 4 H2O
A.   C10H8 and 10 CO2
B.   10 CO2 and 4 H2O
C.   12 O2 and 4 H2O
D.   C10H8 and 12 O2
Question #2
Which of the following statements regarding chemical reactions is false?
A.   During a chemical reaction, molecules are rearranged.
B.   The products of a chemical reaction always have the same mass as the reactants.
C.   There are chemical reactions close to you right now.
D.   During a chemical reaction, atoms of one element can be converted into a different element.
Question #3
Which is not one of the four atoms that make up the bulk of living organisms?
A.   Calcium
B.   Carbon
C.   Nitrogen
D.   Oxygen
Question #4
In an atom, the number of neutrons determines most specifically the ________.
A.   ion state
B.   isotope
C.   chemical properties
D.   chemical element
Question #5
Carbon (C) always has six protons. How many neutrons and electrons are there in a neutrally charged C-14 isotope?
A.   8 neutrons and 6 electrons
B.   7 neutrons and 7 electrons
C.   6 neutrons and 8 electrons
D.   6 neutrons and 6 electrons
Question #6
The bonds between separate water molecules are held together by relatively weak ________ bonds.
A.   ionic
B.   hydrogen
C.   nonpolar
D.   covalent
Question #7
How can we explain that water is a solvent?
A.   Water is a heavy substance, and as such can disrupt pre-existing bonds.
B.   Water is highly cohesive and adhesive, which allows it to bind to different substances as a solvent.
C.   Water is very dense in its liquid state, which allows it to bind to different substances as a solvent.
D.   Water has a polar nature, and as such its polar molecules will bind to substances that have positive or negative charges.
Question #8
Something with a pH of 5 would be ________.
A.   alkaline
B.   neutral
C.   basic
D.   acidic
Question #9
What are the four classes of large organic molecules important to life on Earth?
A.   Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and enzymes
B.   Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids
C.   Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and sugars
D.   Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and sugars
Question #10
The breaking of a large organic molecule into smaller, individual subunits involves multiple ________.
A.   osmotic reactions
B.   dehydration synthesis reactions
C.   hydrolysis reactions
D.   hydrosynthetic reactions
Question #11
Evaluate this statement: Cholesterol is a type of lipid, and thus all cholesterol lipids are bad for human health.
A.   False, because cholesterol levels are not related to human health.
B.   True, because high levels of cholesterol lead to increased heart disease.
C.   False, because some types cholesterol increase heart disease, but other types are necessary, especially in the plasma membrane.
D.   True, because high levels of cholesterol lead to obesity.
Question #12
Which would have the highest concentration of C–H bonds?
A.   Cholesterol
B.   Saturated fat
C.   Trans fat
D.   Unsaturated fat
Question #13
What might happen if a protein has a change in one amino acid?
A.   The protein can no longer function properly.
B.   The amino acid chain folds incorrectly.
C.   The protein has a new shape.
D.   All of the other answer options might happen
Question #14
What will be accomplished by lowering the activation energy of a reaction?
A.   The reaction will proceed more slowly.
B.   The reaction will stop completely.
C.   The reaction will proceed more quickly.
D.   The reaction will reverse.
Question #15
Enzymes are a type of ________.
A.   lipid
B.   carbohydrate
C.   monomer
D.   protein
Question #16
What kind of bond joins amino acids together to form a protein?
A.   Polar bond
B.   Hydrogen bond
C.   Peptide bond
D.   Protein bond
Question #17
Which cellular structure is unique to prokaryotic organisms?
A.   Ribosomes
B.   Cell wall
C.   Plasma membrane
D.   Plasmids
Question #18
Which of the following statements is correct?
A.   Prokaryotic cells evolved a lot earlier (over a billion years) than eukaryotic cells.
B.   Scientists do not have any evidence regarding whether prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells evolved first.
C.   Eukaryotic cells evolved a lot earlier (over a billion years) than prokaryotic cells.
D.   Prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells evolved at about the same time.
Question #19
If you were looking at a cell under a powerful microscope, what would tell you that it is a eukaryotic cell?
A.   It has ribosomes.
B.   It has a nucleus.
C.   It has DNA.
D.   It is moving.
Question #20
Select the cellular structure that can be found in both plant and animal cells.
A.   Chloroplast
B.   Vacuole
C.   Cell wall
D.   Mitochondria
Question #21
Which structure selectively regulates the transport of substances into and out of a plant cell?
A.   The plasma membrane
B.   The cell wall
C.   The chloroplast
D.   The nucleus
Question #22
The passive transport of water is specifically called ________.
A.   facilitated diffusion
B.   osmosis
C.   simple diffusion
D.   hydrosmosis
Question #23
Which statement best describes active transport?
A.   A substance goes from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, and this requires energy.
B.   A substance goes from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, and this releases energy.
C.   A substance goes from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, and this requires energy.
D.   A substance goes from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, and this releases energy.
Question #24
Which of the following statements is correct regarding chromosomes in a eukaryotic cell?
A.   Chromosomes are strands of DNA, tightly wrapped up, that are located everywhere in the cell.
B.   Chromosomes are strands of DNA, tightly wrapped up, that are located in the nucleus.
C.   Chromosomes are strands of RNA, tightly wrapped up, that are in the cytoplasm.
D.   Chromosomes are strands of RNA, loosely wrapped up, that are located everywhere in the cell.
Question #25
Which of the following statements is true in eukaryotic cells?
A.   Transcription occurs in the nucleus, and translation occurs in the cytoplasm.
B.   Transcription occurs in the cytoplasm, and translation occurs in the nucleus.
C.   Transcription and translation both occur in the nucleus.
D.   Transcription and translation both occur in the cytoplasm.
Question #26
Ribosomes are directly associated with which process?
A.   Replication
B.   Translation
C.   Transcription
D.   Translocation
Question #27
Which is the correct pathway of a protein through a cell as it is being made?
A.   Nucleus, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus
B.   Ribosome, Golgi apparatus
C.   Nucleus, Golgi apparatus, ribosome
D.   Golgi apparatus, ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum
Question #28
What is ATP?
A.   A protein
B.   An information storage molecule
C.   A carbohydrate
D.   An energy molecule
Question #29
The long extension of a cell that can propel a cell forward by whipping back and forth (such as human sperm) is called a ________.
A.   flagellum
B.   pilus
C.   cilium
D.   vesicle
Question #30
What harvests energy from food molecules to make ATP?
A.   Nucleus
B.   Chloroplasts
C.   Lysosome
D.   Mitochondria
Question #31
How is DNA linked to the production of proteins?
A.   DNA is the end point of protein production that allows cells to finish making proteins.
B.   DNA is not linked to the production of proteins.
C.   Proteins hold the instructions on how to make DNA.
D.   DNA holds the instructions for the cells on how to make proteins.
Question #32
Final protein refinements, storage, and packaging occur ________.
A.   in the rough endoplasmic reticulum
B.   in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C.   in the Golgi apparatus
D.   in the cytoplasm
Question #33
What is the smallest unit of life?
A.   An atom
B.   An organism
C.   A molecule
D.   A cell
Question #34
Is a virus considered alive?
A.   No, it does not possess any of the requirements for life.
B.   Yes, it possesses all of the requirements for life.
C.   No, it does not possess all of the requirements for life.
D.   Yes, it possesses enough of the requirements for life to be considered living.
Question #35
Which of the following is the correct organizational hierarchy, from largest to smallest, in the hierarchical order of life? (Some levels have been omitted, so you are looking for the correct order.)
A.   Community → Ecosystem → Population → Tissue → Organ → Cell → Organelle → Atom
B.   Ecosystem → Community → Population → Organ → Tissue → Cell → Molecule → Atom
C.   Ecosystem → Population → Community → Organ system → Organ → Cell → Molecule → Atom
D.   Biosphere → Community → Population → Tissue → Organ → Cell → Atom → Molecule
Question #36
The statement, "There are 628 gray squirrels living on campus," describes the ________ of gray squirrels on campus.
A.   species
B.   ecosystem
C.   community
D.   population
Question #37
Skin is sometimes referred to as the largest organ of the body. Why is skin considered to be an organ and not a tissue or some other structure?
A.   Skin consists of multiple tissue types that cooperate to perform a specific task.
B.   Skin consists of a single cell type.
C.   Skin is a vital component of multiple organ systems.
D.   Skin consists of multiple cell types functioning as a single integrated unit.
Question #38
What is typically the first step in the scientific method?
A.   Making a prediction
B.   Developing a hypothesis
C.   Making an observation
D.   Carrying out an experiment
Question #39
The scientific method ________.
A.   is undertaken only by trained scientists in a controlled laboratory setting
B.   is a linear process that must be precisely followed at all times
C.   is the means by which absolute truth can be uncovered
D.   is a rough recipe for answering questions, but the steps need not always need to be performed in the same order
Question #40
What is the core theme that unifies all of biology?
A.   The transformation of energy and matter
B.   The theory of evolution by natural selection
C.   The flow of information from DNA to proteins
D.   The relationship between structure and function
Question #41
What does the term theory mean to a scientist?
A.   A guess
B.   A hypothesis that has been supported by a large number of experiments
C.   A hypothesis that has been supported by the evidence of one experiment
D.   A proposed explanation for an observed phenomenon
Question #42
Hypotheses must be ________.
A.   repeatable
B.   All of the other answer options are important characteristics of hypotheses.
C.   falsifiable
D.   testable
Question #43
Use the following study to answer the question below: A researcher applies varying amounts of fertilizer (0, 2, 4, 8, 10 units) to 50 potted tomato plants. All other variables that may affect the outcome (watering, temperature, sunlight, plant size, etc.) are kept the same from pot to pot. At the end of the growing season, the tomatoes grown on each plant are weighed to determine which fertilizer level produced the largest tomato yield. Question: Which variable is the dependent variable?
A.   The fertilizer amount
B.   The plant size at the end of the growing season
C.   The tomato yield at the end of the growing season
D.   The temperature
Question #44
Use the following study to answer the following question (below): A researcher applies varying amounts of fertilizer (0, 2, 4, 8, 10 units) to 50 potted tomato plants. All other variables that may affect the outcome (watering, temperature, sunlight, plant size, etc.) are kept the same from pot to pot. At the end of the growing season, the tomatoes grown on each plant are weighed to determine which fertilizer level produced the largest tomato yield. Question: Which variable is the independent variable?
A.   The plant size at the end of the growing season
B.   The fertilizer amount
C.   The tomato yield at the end of the growing season
D.   The temperature
Question #45
Many medical studies include a control group in which patients receive a medically ineffective treatment that resembles the treatment tested. What do we call the ineffective treatment?
A.   The controlled experiment
B.   The dependent variable
C.   The placebo
D.   The hypothesis
Question #46
Which of the following represents a blind study?
A.   The test group does not know whether they are receiving a placebo or the actual treatment, but the researchers do.
B.   The test group knows whether they are receiving a placebo or the actual treatment, and so do the researchers.
C.   The test group knows whether they are receiving a placebo or the actual treatment, but the researchers do not know until all the data are collected.
D.   Neither the test group nor the researchers know whether the test group is receiving a placebo or the actual treatment until all the data are collected.
Question #47
You want to know whether cookies made with unbleached flour taste better than cookies made with bleached flour; which of the following has the strongest experimental design to test this question?
A.   Make two batches of cookies, one with bleached flour and one with unbleached flour; one taster tries both types and ranks which type they like best.
B.   Make two batches of cookies, both with bleached flour; one taster tries both types and ranks which type they like best.
C.   Make two batches of cookies, one with bleached flour and one with unbleached flour; twenty tasters try both types and rank which type they like best.
D.   Make two batches of cookies, one with bleached flour and one with unbleached flour; twenty tasters try both types without knowing which ones they are eating and rank which type they like best.
Question #48
What does it mean when we say, "This scientific study was published in a peer-reviewed journal"?
A.   This study was evaluated by qualified and impartial experts before being published.
B.   This study can now be viewed on the Internet.
C.   This study was not evaluated by other scientists.
D.   This study was published in a newspaper.
Question #49
What is the difference between a primary and a secondary source?
A.   A primary source is the original material published by the scientists, whereas a secondary source is a description of the original material.
B.   A primary source is the raw data before scientists publish, whereas a secondary source is a description of the original material.
C.   There is no difference between primary and secondary sources.
D.   A primary source is the original material published by the scientists, whereas a secondary source is the raw data before scientists publish.
Question #50
How can you recognize a reliable source of information?
A.   By checking whether the authors are well qualified
B.   All of the other answer options are ways to check whether a source is reliable
C.   By checking whether the information was peer-reviewed
D.   By checking whether the source of information is primary

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