Biology 003 - Introduction to Biology » Summer 2020 » Exam 2
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Question #1
What is the type of bond between two strands of DNA?
A.
A covalent bond
B.
A hydrogen bond
C.
A ionic bond
D.
A peptide bond
Question #2
What is different from one DNA nucleotide to the next?
A.
The protein
B.
The phosphate group
C.
The base
D.
The sugar molecule
Question #3
According to the base pairing rules of DNA, if the sequence of bases on one strand was AGGCTTA, what would be the sequence of bases on the complementary strand?
A.
TCCGAAT
B.
AGGCTTA
C.
ATTCGGA
D.
CGGATTC
Question #4
Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding DNA and RNA?
A.
One of the bases is different.
B.
DNA is double stranded, and RNA is a single strand.
C.
All of the other answer options are correct.
D.
They each contain a slightly different sugar molecule.
Question #5
What is a gene?
A.
All of the other answer options and more are part of the expanding definition of a gene.
B.
A section of DNA that codes for a portion of a protein
C.
A discrete sequence of DNA nucleotides
D.
A section of DNA that codes for one or more proteins
Question #6
Which of the following statements is correct regarding promoters?
A.
All of the other answer options are correct
B.
Promoters act as a "start here" signal to help control gene expression
C.
Promoters are regions of DNA where RNA polymerase can bind to start transcription
D.
Promoters are regions of DNA that indicates the start of a gene
Question #7
The base that is not found in DNA, but only in RNA is ________.
A.
uracil
B.
thymine
C.
adenine
D.
guanine
Question #8
If the base sequence of template strand reads GCCATTAC, what is the base sequence of the mRNA?
A.
CGGTUUTG
B.
CGGTAATG
C.
CGGUAAUG
D.
GCCAUUAC
Question #9
What does "transfer RNA" actually transfer?
A.
Ribosome
B.
Codons
C.
Amino acids
D.
Anticodons
Question #10
Why can a person who is unable to produce insulin be successfully treated with insulin derived from genetically modified bacteria?
A.
The gene that produces insulin in humans was inserted into the bacteria where it continues to produce human insulin.
B.
Bacterial insulin is similar enough to human insulin to serve the same purpose.
C.
Typical bacterial insulin is exactly the same as human insulin.
D.
The insulin-producing gene of bacteria was altered to have the same base sequence as the human counterpart and now produces the human version of insulin.
Question #11
Do all cells of the body express the same genes?
A.
Yes, since they all make the same proteins
B.
No, since they don't contain the same DNA
C.
Yes, since they all contain the same DNA
D.
No, since they don't all need to make the same proteins
Question #12
When is cell-to-cell communication particularly important in regulating gene expression?
A.
During embryonic development
B.
During meiosis
C.
During replication
D.
During mitosis
Question #13
What are carcinogens?
A.
Physical or chemical factors that can lead to mutations causing cancer
B.
The only source of mutations in cells
C.
Errors during DNA replication
D.
Chemical factors that can treat cancer
Question #14
Can the PCR technique be used to copy an entire chromosome all at once?
A.
No, the PCR machine can only copy fragments of DNA.
B.
There is not enough information provided to answer
C.
Yes, that is its primary function.
D.
No, only the genes would be copied.
Question #15
A cloned mammal is made by removing the DNA from the unfertilized egg of an egg donor, replacing it with DNA from a cell of a mature animal, and then implanting that cell into the uterus of a surrogate mother. The cell then divides and behaves as if it were a regular embryo. Answer the following question regarding a clone. Question: Of whom is the baby a clone?
A.
It depends on whether it is male or female.
B.
Egg donor
C.
DNA donor
D.
Surrogate mother
Question #16
DNA profiling relies on an individual's ________, no two of which are the same between different people, except identical twins.
A.
unique fingerprints
B.
unique mRNA sequences
C.
unique set of genes
D.
unique set of short tandem repeats within DNA
Question #17
Dead or damaged cells are replaced by the process of ________.
A.
fertilization
B.
mitosis
C.
binary fission
D.
meiosis
Question #18
Is the number of chromosomes in each cell of an organism a good indicator of the complexity of that organism?
A.
No, the number of chromosomes does not indicate how complex an organism is.
B.
Yes, the number of chromosomes is a good indicator of an organism's complexity, but the amount of DNA matters even more.
C.
Yes, the number of chromosomes indicates how complex an organism is.
D.
It depends on the type of cells of the organism.
Question #19
What are attached at the centromere?
A.
Genomes
B.
Daughter cells
C.
Sister chromatids
D.
Homologous chromosomes
Question #20
Cells spend most of their lives in ________.
A.
mitosis
B.
interphase
C.
chromosome duplication
D.
meiosis
Question #21
Which of the following processes does not generate genetic variation during sexual reproduction?
A.
Crossing over
B.
All of the other answer options generate genetic variation
C.
Random fertilization
D.
Independent assortment
Question #22
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during mitosis?
A.
Chromosomes line up, nuclear membrane forms, nuclear membrane dissolves, sister chromatids split
B.
Nuclear membrane forms, chromosomes line up, sister chromatids split, nuclear membrane dissolves
C.
Nuclear membrane dissolves, chromosomes line up, sister chromatids split, nuclear membrane forms
D.
Sister chromatids split, nuclear membrane dissolves, nuclear membrane forms, chromosomes line up
Question #23
When does the cell plate form during cell division?
A.
At the completion of plant cell mitosis
B.
In the middle of plant cell mitosis
C.
In the middle of animal cell mitosis
D.
At the completion of animal cell mitosis
Question #24
In reproductive cloning, when a clone grows from a single cell to a full organism, the development happens through ________.
A.
surrogate growth
B.
meiosis
C.
cloning
D.
mitosis
Question #25
How many chromosomes did you inherit from your father?
A.
92
B.
46
C.
2
D.
23
Question #26
Somatic cells are ________.
A.
haploid (2n)
B.
haploid (n)
C.
diploid (2n)
D.
diploid (n)
Question #27
Which process requires DNA to undergo duplication before it can proceed?
A.
Both mitosis and meiosis
B.
None of the other answer options
C.
Meiosis
D.
Mitosis
Question #28
Two alleles of the same gene ________.
A.
are always different
B.
are always the same
C.
can be the same or can be different
D.
originate from the same parent
Question #29
An individual can be homozygous for a trait, which means ________.
A.
they can only express the dominant trait
B.
they can only express the recessive trait
C.
both of their alleles carry the same information
D.
their two alleles carry different information
Question #30
Define Mendel's law of independent assortment.
A.
The inheritance of one character has no effect on the inheritance of another character.
B.
The expression of one gene has no effect on the expression of another gene.
C.
There are two versions of each trait, a dominant and a recessive; the one you get is random.
D.
Segregation of homologous chromosomes is random.
Question #31
Which of the following processes generates a continuum (spectrum) of varying phenotypes?
A.
Single-gene traits
B.
Polygenic inheritance
C.
Incomplete dominance
D.
Multiple alleles
Question #32
If genes are described as "sex linked," then they are ________.
A.
expressed only in women or only in men
B.
located next to one another
C.
typically on the X chromosome
D.
typically on the Y chromosome
Question #33
Choose the pencil that has the lowest potential energy.
A.
A pencil hitting the ground after falling from your desk
B.
A pencil on your desk
C.
A pencil laying on the ground
D.
A pencil falling from your desk
Question #34
Identify the principal role of photosynthesis.
A.
To convert solar energy into the chemical energy of sugars
B.
To convert the chemical energy of sugars into heat to maintain an elevated body temperature
C.
To convert the chemical energy of sugars into the chemical energy that fuels life's processes
D.
To convert kinetic energy into the chemical energy of sugars
Question #35
Which processes can be carried out by consumers?
A.
Only photosynthesis
B.
Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration
C.
Neither photosynthesis nor cellular respiration
D.
Only cellular respiration
Question #36
What is the role of chloroplasts in animals?
A.
To produce sugars
B.
There is no role, as animals do not have chloroplasts
C.
To produce ATP
D.
To carry out photosynthesis
Question #37
Why do some leaves change color (red, yellow, orange, etc.) in the fall?
A.
The chlorophyll molecule breaks down and other pigments now become visible.
B.
When leaves die, the chlorophyll molecules are no longer visible.
C.
Cold weather denatures the chlorophyll molecule, and it begins to reflect different colors.
D.
The chlorophyll molecule is modified to absorb different wavelengths of light.
Question #38
The main purpose of the Calvin cycle is to produce ________.
A.
CO2
B.
Sugar
C.
O2
D.
ATP
Question #39
Which stage of photosynthesis, if any, can function in the dark?
A.
Stage 1 (the light reactions)
B.
Neither Stage 1 (the light reactions) nor Stage 2 (the Calvin cycle)
C.
Both Stage 1 (the light reactions) and Stage 2 (the Calvin cycle)
D.
Stage 2 (the Calvin cycle)
Question #40
Identify the role of oxygen in photosynthesis.
A.
It is a waste product in the light reactions.
B.
It is the initial electron releaser.
C.
It is split to form sugar.
D.
It is the final electron acceptor.
Question #41
What is the role of light in photosynthesis?
A.
It excites electrons.
B.
It fixes carbon into sugars.
C.
It splits ATP molecules.
D.
It is the source of electrons.
Question #42
What happens to the ATP molecule after it has been used to do work?
A.
It loses a phosphate group and is converted to ADP.
B.
It breaks down into carbon dioxide and water.
C.
It is split into two molecules of pyruvic acid.
D.
It is completely destroyed.
Question #43
Which process produces glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P)?
A.
Fermentation
B.
Citric acid cycle
C.
Calvin cycle
D.
Glycolysis
Question #44
For what purpose does a plant use the sugars produced during photosynthesis?
A.
For cellular respiration to produce ATP
B.
All of the other answer options are correct
C.
For making cellulose, which makes the bulk of a plant
D.
For storage
Question #45
What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?
A.
To produce ATP
B.
To produce oxygen
C.
To produce sugars
D.
To produce carbon dioxide
Question #46
Which molecule has a higher potential energy?
A.
NADP+
B.
ATP
C.
ADP
D.
ANP
Question #47
During which stage of cellular respiration is the majority of the ATP produced?
A.
Glycolysis
B.
Fermentation
C.
Citric acid cycle
D.
Electron transport chain
Question #48
Can energy be harvested by the cells from glucose without oxygen?
A.
No, oxygen is required to harvest any energy from glucose.
B.
Yes, but not quite as much as with oxygen.
C.
Yes, about as much as with oxygen.
D.
Yes, but much less than with oxygen.
Question #49
Identify the stage of cellular respiration where glucose is split into two molecules of pyruvic acid.
A.
Electron transport chain
B.
Glycolysis
C.
Citric acid cycle
D.
Calvin cycle
Question #50
Alcohol is a waste product produced by yeast in the presence of sugar and the absence of ________.
A.
ATP
B.
CO2
C.
O2
D.
H2O
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