A.   The sculptor Alexander Calder (1898-1976) gained fame for his mobiles and wire sculptures of circuses he went on to produce large sculptures for public areas.

B.   Feminist artist Judy Chicago (born 1939) creates multimedia projects. Her best-known work is The Dinner Party, which explores women’s history.

C.   The painter Mary Cassatt (1845-1926) was born in Pennsylvania but spent many years in Paris, where the Impressionists thrived, she chose women and children as her special subject.

A.   John Singleton Copley (1738-1815) was a master portraitist and painter of historical scenes, his works are considered aristocratically elegant.

B.   Stuart Davis (1894-1964) borrowed cubism from European artists and made it American his paintings present bright colors.

C.   Known for glass-covered boxes filled with enigmatically arranged found objects and collages, Joseph Cornell (1903-1972) was a product of surrealism, which relied on irrational juxtaposition.

A.   A major proponent of abstract expressionism and action painting, Willem de Kooning (1904-1997) arrived in the United States as a stowaway and first supported himself here as a house painter, toward the end of his life he worked on sculptures.

B.   Jenny Holzer (born 1950) produces multimedia works electronic message boards are one of the media she uses.

C.   One of the best-known paintings by Thomas Eakins (1844-1916), The Gross Clinic, captures a surgical operation, a subject considered inappropriate at the time. Eakins lost an academic position because he used nude models in mixed classes.

A.   Lonely streets, buildings, and interiors dominate the canvases of Edward Hopper (1882-1967) his work has influenced a 21st-century photographer of street scenes.

B.   Winslow Homer (1836-1910) excelled in painting dramatic seascapes, one example is On a Lee Shore.

C.   Robert Indiana (born 1928) produces pop paintings and sculptures, such as his Love series, that sometimes call to mind large signs.

A.   Franz Kline (1910-1962) produced monumental black-and-white works these are examples of abstract expressionism.

B.   Roy Lichtenstein (1923-1997) was the pop artist recognized for his paintings based on comic strips, later he created pop versions of well-known 19th- and 20th-century artworks.

C.   A pop artist, Jasper Johns (born 1930) has used flags, beer cans, and targets in his sculpture and paintings; he finds meaning in everyday objects.

A.   Georgia O’Keeffe (1887-1986) painted scenes reflecting the landscape in the southwestern part of the United States, she made her home in New Mexico.

B.   The paintings of Barnett Newman (1905-1971) range from abstract expressionism to the color-field movement. He developed a unique geometric style that became his trademark.

C.   Renowned for his abstract works, Isamu Noguchi (1904-1988) produced materials for architectural spaces one of his most famous works is the sculpture garden of the UNESCO building in Paris.

A.   The most famous of Flemish artists and a leading baroque figure, Peter Paul Rubens created material that demonstrated his energy and enthusiasm for his work. He turned out such masterpieces as The Raising of the Cross (1610-1611) and The Judgment of Paris (1638-1639).

B.   Known as the leading portraitist of America’s Federal period, Gilbert Stuart (1775-1828) produced more than a thousand portraits of four presidents, diplomats, and notables he was best known for his portraits of George Washington.

C.   James Abbott McNeil Whistler (1834-1903) created paintings that exhibit a compelling sense of design and color, his series Nocturnes was a forerunner of what came to be known as abstract art.

A.   Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890) is known as one of the 19th century’s most influential artists, much of his work was produced in a 29-month period leading up to his suicide.

B.   Paul Gaugin (1848-1903) was a leading Post-Impressionist painter at the age of thirty-five, he abandoned his family to focus on his painting career.

C.   Art historians refer to Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (1606-1669) as a master of the Dutch school; he painted and drew approximately six hundred works.

A.   Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564) was a poet, architect, and sculptor in addition to achieving fame as a painter, he is probably best known for his frescoes on the Sistine Chapel’s ceiling.

B.   Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio (c. 1573-1610) produced bold paintings marked by light and shadow breaking with past artistic practice, he showed the saints as everyday people.

C.   Henri Rousseau (1844-1910) was a self-taught practitioner, and he produced colorful paintings, frequently of jungle scenes.

A.   Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) produced many important paintings including The Three Musicians (1921) and Guernica (1937) beyond his life as a painter, he was a sculptor, graphic artist, and ceramicist.

B.   The creations of Diego Rivera (1886-1957) celebrate Mexico’s history and workers, he is a founder of the Mexican mural renaissance.

C.   Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) possessed many talents; two of his most famous paintings are The Last Supper (1495-1498) and the Mona Lisa (1503-1506).