A.   Most people are receiving direct mail from candidates

B.   more people are making small political donations

C.   Most people are using the Internet as their only source of campaign information

D.   more people are becoming highly and accurately informed about the candidates

A.   newspaper ads aimed at the 55-65 age group

B.   an international relations specialist to solicit campaign contributions from foreign nations and multinational corporations

C.   television ads aimed at the 18–29 age group

D.   staff to handle high-tech and computer technologies

A.   campaigns are for the masses and are mediated by political elites

B.   voters have very little understanding of the campaign apart from what they see and hear in the media

C.   the media exercise little influence over a vast number of citizens' votes

D.   the media control electoral outcomes

A.   soft money

B.   matching funds

C.   hard money

D.   support funds

A.   agenda setting

B.   scorekeeping

C.   selective perception

D.   frontloading

A.   paying money to vote

B.   civic duty

C.   becoming informed

D.   political efficacy

A.   The United States hold fewer elections

B.   The United States hold elections midweek.

C.   The United States has a multiple partisan election system.

D.   The United States elects fewer officeholders.

A.   making registration automatic for all citizens rather than compelling them to register

B.   minimizing the differences between the parties

C.   electing more officeholders

D.   holding more elections

A.   "People like me can influence what the government does."

B.   "Voting in the United States is so easy that there is no excuse for not voting."

C.   "I should vote to honor those who sacrificed their lives to make America free."

D.   "Democracy is only democratic if citizens participate in the process."

A.   Education increases intolerance, which then encourages turnout.

B.   Education helps voters recognize differences between the candidates.

C.   Education depresses political efficacy, which then encourages turnout.

D.   Education enables voters to calculate the probability that their vote will decide the election.

A.   a college degree holders

B.   ethnic minorities

C.   young age group

D.   low income people

A.   Winning candidates are not well versed in the political science literature.

B.   Voters do not necessarily prefer all of the winning candidate's issue positions.

C.   Politicians think that political scientists do not understand how things actually work.

D.   Winning candidates want to justify their policy proposals by claiming that the public supports them.

A.   votes based on the candidates and not party loyalty

B.   votes in presidential elections but not in midterm elections

C.   registers to vote on Election Day

D.   is elated at the outcome of an election

A.   Barack Obama's claim that his victory in 2012 meant that the public wanted to raise taxes on the wealthy

B.   Mitt Romney's claim that Obama won the 2012 presidential election because he had given gifts to various constituency groups

C.   the idea that voter turnout is higher when citizens are required to vote and are fined if they fail to do so

D.   the belief that a functional democracy mandates electoral participation by a large number of voters

A.   It provides a cue as to which candidate a voter is more likely to prefer.

B.   It eliminates the need to produce a photo ID in order to vote.

C.   It reduces the policy differences between the candidates.

D.   It enables voters to select from a wider array of candidates.

A.   The winner-take-all system makes battleground states more relevant to a campaign.

B.   Battleground states have more electors than they would deserve if electors were allocated by population.

C.   Battleground states have the most Electoral College votes.

D.   Candidates focus on battleground states in order to increase their media exposure.

A.   all 50

B.   26

C.   48

D.   five

A.   the Supreme Court

B.   ordinary Americans

C.   Congress

D.   elites

A.   House of Representatives

B.   Supreme Court

C.   Senate

D.   Elections and Campaigns Committee