A.   more people are becoming highly and accurately informed about the candidates

B.   Most people are receiving direct mail from candidates

C.   Most people are using the Internet as their only source of campaign information

D.   more people are making small political donations

A.   television ads aimed at the 18–29 age group

B.   an international relations specialist to solicit campaign contributions from foreign nations and multinational corporations

C.   staff to handle high-tech and computer technologies

D.   newspaper ads aimed at the 55-65 age group

A.   voters have very little understanding of the campaign apart from what they see and hear in the media

B.   the media exercise little influence over a vast number of citizens' votes

C.   campaigns are for the masses and are mediated by political elites

D.   the media control electoral outcomes

A.   hard money

B.   support funds

C.   soft money

D.   matching funds

A.   scorekeeping

B.   selective perception

C.   frontloading

D.   agenda setting

A.   becoming informed

B.   political efficacy

C.   paying money to vote

D.   civic duty

A.   The United States hold elections midweek.

B.   The United States hold fewer elections

C.   The United States elects fewer officeholders.

D.   The United States has a multiple partisan election system.

A.   holding more elections

B.   minimizing the differences between the parties

C.   electing more officeholders

D.   making registration automatic for all citizens rather than compelling them to register

A.   "I should vote to honor those who sacrificed their lives to make America free."

B.   "People like me can influence what the government does."

C.   "Voting in the United States is so easy that there is no excuse for not voting."

D.   "Democracy is only democratic if citizens participate in the process."

A.   Education helps voters recognize differences between the candidates.

B.   Education increases intolerance, which then encourages turnout.

C.   Education enables voters to calculate the probability that their vote will decide the election.

D.   Education depresses political efficacy, which then encourages turnout.

A.   ethnic minorities

B.   young age group

C.   low income people

D.   a college degree holders

A.   Winning candidates want to justify their policy proposals by claiming that the public supports them.

B.   Politicians think that political scientists do not understand how things actually work.

C.   Voters do not necessarily prefer all of the winning candidate's issue positions.

D.   Winning candidates are not well versed in the political science literature.

A.   is elated at the outcome of an election

B.   votes in presidential elections but not in midterm elections

C.   votes based on the candidates and not party loyalty

D.   registers to vote on Election Day

A.   the idea that voter turnout is higher when citizens are required to vote and are fined if they fail to do so

B.   the belief that a functional democracy mandates electoral participation by a large number of voters

C.   Mitt Romney's claim that Obama won the 2012 presidential election because he had given gifts to various constituency groups

D.   Barack Obama's claim that his victory in 2012 meant that the public wanted to raise taxes on the wealthy

A.   It enables voters to select from a wider array of candidates.

B.   It reduces the policy differences between the candidates.

C.   It provides a cue as to which candidate a voter is more likely to prefer.

D.   It eliminates the need to produce a photo ID in order to vote.

A.   The winner-take-all system makes battleground states more relevant to a campaign.

B.   Battleground states have more electors than they would deserve if electors were allocated by population.

C.   Candidates focus on battleground states in order to increase their media exposure.

D.   Battleground states have the most Electoral College votes.

A.   48

B.   26

C.   all 50

D.   five

A.   the Supreme Court

B.   elites

C.   ordinary Americans

D.   Congress

A.   House of Representatives

B.   Elections and Campaigns Committee

C.   Supreme Court

D.   Senate