A.   TRUE

B.   FALSE

A.   Venus revolved about the Sun.

B.   Copernicus was wrong.

C.   Both Venus & Mars had epicycles.

D.   Venus rotated about Earth.

A.   If I take a picture of it each week at roughly the same time, against the fixed stars, and connect the dots, it will appear to travel from west to east.

B.   Each night, it makes a loop in the sky.

C.   It travels from east to west each night.

D.   My life will be Topsy-turvy.

E.   It travels from west to east each night.

A.   bound by gravity of the planets

B.   in ellipses in random directions

C.   as far apart as possible

D.   around the Sun in roughly the same plane

A.   FALSE

B.   TRUE

A.   mass

B.   distance from the Sun

C.   radius

D.   speed of revolution

A.   the east to west motion of a planet compared to the viewer's horizon

B.   the apparent backward motion of a planet against the fixed stars

C.   the west to east motion of a planet against the stars

D.   the backward motion of a planet through the sky

A.   A given planet's speed among the background stars varies with time.

B.   Large numbers of stars in the Milky Way.

C.   The full set of phases of Venus.

D.   Jupiter's four large moons.

E.   Craters and mountains on the Moon.

A.   Our observations of a full or gibbous Venus provide evidence against the Ptolemaic, Earth-centered model of the Solar System

B.   If you lived on Mercury, you would notice that Earth exhibits retrograde motion for a while every year.

C.   According to Kepler's first law, the orbit of planets are ellipses with the Sun at one focus; there is no object at the second focus.

D.   Copernicus' model of the Solar System was accepted shortly after being proposed, because it provided significantly more accurate positions of the planets than did the Ptolemaic system.

E.   As seen from Earth's surface, planets rise in the east and set in the west, even when they undergo retrograde motion.

A.   The moon closest to Daniel.

B.   The moon farthest away from Daniel.

C.   The smallest moon will orbit the fastest, just like Mercury (the smallest planet) orbits the Sun the fastest.

D.   There's no way to determine which moon rotates the fastest without knowing their relative masses.