A.   TRUE

B.   FALSE

A.   Venus revolved about the Sun.

B.   Copernicus was wrong.

C.   Both Venus & Mars had epicycles.

D.   Venus rotated about Earth.

A.   If I take a picture of it each week at roughly the same time, against the fixed stars, and connect the dots, it will appear to travel from west to east.

B.   It travels from west to east each night.

C.   My life will be Topsy-turvy.

D.   It travels from east to west each night.

E.   Each night, it makes a loop in the sky.

A.   around the Sun in roughly the same plane

B.   as far apart as possible

C.   in ellipses in random directions

D.   bound by gravity of the planets

A.   FALSE

B.   TRUE

A.   distance from the Sun

B.   mass

C.   radius

D.   speed of revolution

A.   the apparent backward motion of a planet against the fixed stars

B.   the backward motion of a planet through the sky

C.   the east to west motion of a planet compared to the viewer's horizon

D.   the west to east motion of a planet against the stars

A.   A given planet's speed among the background stars varies with time.

B.   The full set of phases of Venus.

C.   Jupiter's four large moons.

D.   Craters and mountains on the Moon.

E.   Large numbers of stars in the Milky Way.

A.   Our observations of a full or gibbous Venus provide evidence against the Ptolemaic, Earth-centered model of the Solar System

B.   Copernicus' model of the Solar System was accepted shortly after being proposed, because it provided significantly more accurate positions of the planets than did the Ptolemaic system.

C.   If you lived on Mercury, you would notice that Earth exhibits retrograde motion for a while every year.

D.   According to Kepler's first law, the orbit of planets are ellipses with the Sun at one focus; there is no object at the second focus.

E.   As seen from Earth's surface, planets rise in the east and set in the west, even when they undergo retrograde motion.

A.   The moon closest to Daniel.

B.   There's no way to determine which moon rotates the fastest without knowing their relative masses.

C.   The moon farthest away from Daniel.

D.   The smallest moon will orbit the fastest, just like Mercury (the smallest planet) orbits the Sun the fastest.