Anthropology 101 - Human Biological Evolution » Fall 2020 » Basic Biology Quiz

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Question #1
Prokaryotic cells are distinguishable from eukaryotic cells because prokaryotes do not contain:
A.   Organelles
B.   DNA
C.   a nucleus.
D.   a plasma membrane
Question #2
Cells
A.   only have a nucleus and no cytoplasm
B.   are only inherited from one parent
C.   are the basic units of life
D.   usually do not have DNA
Question #3
The cell nucleus
A.   contains only X and Y chromosomes
B.   contains genetic information
C.   is not distinct from the cytoplasm
D.   is made up of ribosomes
Question #4
Somatic cells are not
A.   gametes
B.   one type of eukaryotic cell
C.   basically all the cells in the body except those involved in reproduction
D.   those that make up tissues, e.g. muscles and the brain
Question #5
Ribosomes are
A.   the sex chromosomes
B.   found only in prokaryotes
C.   important to protein synthesis
D.   only present when the cell divides
Question #6
The two basic types of cells are somatic cells and
A.   gametes
B.   organelles
C.   polar bodies
D.   autosomes
Question #7
Gametes
A.   are basic units of the DNA molecule composed of sugar
B.   are also called zygotes
C.   are important structural components of the body
D.   transmit genetic information from parent to offspring
Question #8
DNA
A.   contains six different nitrogenous bases
B.   is single-stranded
C.   is composed of nitrogenous bases, sugars and gametes
D.   is composed of nucleotides
Question #9
A nucleotide
A.   is the same thing as an RNA molecule
B.   codes for the production of an amino acid
C.   is composed of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate unit
D.   is not a basic unit of the DNA molecule
Question #10
Which of the following nitrogenous bases is not found in DNA?
A.   Adenine
B.   Thymine
C.   Uracil
D.   Guanine
Question #11
Which of the following statements concerning RNA is false?
A.   It contains the same sugar as found in DNA.
B.   It is involved in the synthesis of proteins.
C.   It is single-stranded.
D.   It contains the base uracil instead of thymine.
Question #12
In protein synthesis, the process called transcription is which of the following?
A.   production of amino acids
B.   manufacture of tRNA
C.   formation of a mRNA molecule
D.   assembly of polypeptide chains
Question #13
What is the complete sequence of DNA bases that specifies the order of amino acids in an entire protein?
A.   codon
B.   amino acid
C.   gene
D.   helix
Question #14
What is the name for a triplet of mRNA bases?
A.   mutons
B.   exon
C.   codon
D.   alleles
Question #15
Chromosomes are
A.   visible during all stages of cell division
B.   made up of DNA and proteins
C.   indiscrete structures
D.   composed of two strands during early stages of cell division
Question #16
Autosomes
A.   carry genetic information influencing all physical characteristics except primary sex determination
B.   carry genetic information influencing all physical characteristics
C.   carry genetic information that determine the individual’s sex
D.   occur singularly
Question #17
How many chromosomes occur in a normal human somatic cell?
A.   46
B.   43
C.   53
D.   44
Question #18
How many chromosome pairs occur in a normal human somatic cell?
A.   22
B.   24
C.   26
D.   23
Question #19
What are the X and Y chromosomes called?
A.   sex chromosomes
B.   karyotypes
C.   gametes
D.   autosomes
Question #20
The Y chromosome
A.   influences numerous characteristics such as toe length
B.   is found in both sexes; males have two, and females have one
C.   carries a gene that causes a fetus to develop as male
D.   can be inherited from either parent
Question #21
Which of the following statements is true of mitosis?
A.   The result is gamete formation.
B.   Crossing-over occurs between homologous chromosomes.
C.   There are two cell divisions before the process is complete.
D.   The process requires only one cell division to be complete.
Question #22
After mitosis, daughter cells contain the same amount of DNA as in the original cell. Why?
A.   recombination
B.   meiosis
C.   pairing of homologous chromosomes
D.   DNA replication
Question #23
Meiosis
A.   is the cell division process in somatic cells
B.   involves two divisions and results in six daughter cells.
C.   permits healing of injured tissue
D.   is the cell division in specialized cells in ovaries and testes
Question #24
RNA uses a nucleotide called _____________, instead of thymine, during the transcription process.
A.   codinine
B.   uracil
C.   thiamine
D.   aspernine
Question #25
Proteins are manufactured within the cell at structures called:
A.   nuclei
B.   nucleoli
C.   mitochondria
D.   ribosomes
Question #26
The name for a triplet of mRNA bases is:
A.   Nucleotide markers
B.   Anticodon
C.   mBases
D.   Codon
Question #27
Where does transcription occur?
A.   In the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
B.   In forensic anthropology laboratories
C.   At the ribosome
D.   Santa Monica army recruitment offices
Question #28
Cells with one-half of the full complement of DNA are called
A.   haploid cells.
B.   diploid cells.
C.   base cells.
D.   stem cells.
Question #29
  
A.   DNA
B.   Gametes
C.   Somatic cells
D.   Protein synthesis
Question #30
Mitosis produces ____________.
A.   Two diploid cells
B.   One haploid cell
C.   Two haploid cells
D.   Four haploid cells
Question #31
Meiosis is the division of ____________.
A.   Proteins
B.   Somatic cells
C.   DNA
D.   Sex cells
Question #32
During meiosis, the sex cell divides
A.   Twice
B.   Three times
C.   Once
D.   Four times
Question #33
The first step of both mitosis and meiosis is
A.   Recombination
B.   Cell division
C.   Enzymatic halitosis
D.   DNA replication
Question #34
During _____________ , maternal and paternal chromosomes in a sex cell are shuffled
A.   replication
B.   regulation
C.   permutation
D.   recombination
Question #35
_____________ carry the genetic information from one generation to the next.
A.   Nuclei
B.   Diploid cells
C.   Gametes
D.   Immature base cells
Question #36
Mitochondrial DNA has the same molecular structure and function as nuclear DNA found in the nucleus.
A.   TRUE
B.   FALSE
Question #37
The structure of DNA can be described as a triple helix.
A.   TRUE
B.   FALSE
Question #38
A codon triplet is a series of three DNA bases.
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE
Question #39
Transfer RNA forms a copy of the DNA molecule during translation.
A.   TRUE
B.   FALSE
Question #40
Transfer RNA forms a copy of a portion of the DNA molecule during transcription.
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE
Question #41
Messenger RNA forms a copy of a gene in the DNA molecule during transcription.
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE
Question #42
The process of translation during protein synthesis occurs at the ribosomes.
A.   TRUE
B.   FALSE
Question #43
  
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE
Question #44
Only prokaryotic organisms perform meiosis.
A.   TRUE
B.   FALSE
Question #45
Transcription in DNA results in the formation of an identical DNA strand.
A.   TRUE
B.   FALSE

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