Anthropology 101 - Human Biological Evolution » Fall 2020 » Basic Biology Quiz

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Question #1
Prokaryotic cells are distinguishable from eukaryotic cells because prokaryotes do not contain:
A.   DNA
B.   a plasma membrane
C.   Organelles
D.   a nucleus.
Question #2
Cells
A.   are only inherited from one parent
B.   are the basic units of life
C.   only have a nucleus and no cytoplasm
D.   usually do not have DNA
Question #3
The cell nucleus
A.   contains only X and Y chromosomes
B.   is not distinct from the cytoplasm
C.   contains genetic information
D.   is made up of ribosomes
Question #4
Somatic cells are not
A.   basically all the cells in the body except those involved in reproduction
B.   one type of eukaryotic cell
C.   gametes
D.   those that make up tissues, e.g. muscles and the brain
Question #5
Ribosomes are
A.   only present when the cell divides
B.   important to protein synthesis
C.   found only in prokaryotes
D.   the sex chromosomes
Question #6
The two basic types of cells are somatic cells and
A.   gametes
B.   autosomes
C.   polar bodies
D.   organelles
Question #7
Gametes
A.   transmit genetic information from parent to offspring
B.   are basic units of the DNA molecule composed of sugar
C.   are also called zygotes
D.   are important structural components of the body
Question #8
DNA
A.   is single-stranded
B.   is composed of nucleotides
C.   contains six different nitrogenous bases
D.   is composed of nitrogenous bases, sugars and gametes
Question #9
A nucleotide
A.   codes for the production of an amino acid
B.   is composed of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate unit
C.   is not a basic unit of the DNA molecule
D.   is the same thing as an RNA molecule
Question #10
Which of the following nitrogenous bases is not found in DNA?
A.   Thymine
B.   Guanine
C.   Uracil
D.   Adenine
Question #11
Which of the following statements concerning RNA is false?
A.   It is single-stranded.
B.   It contains the same sugar as found in DNA.
C.   It is involved in the synthesis of proteins.
D.   It contains the base uracil instead of thymine.
Question #12
In protein synthesis, the process called transcription is which of the following?
A.   production of amino acids
B.   formation of a mRNA molecule
C.   manufacture of tRNA
D.   assembly of polypeptide chains
Question #13
What is the complete sequence of DNA bases that specifies the order of amino acids in an entire protein?
A.   gene
B.   amino acid
C.   codon
D.   helix
Question #14
What is the name for a triplet of mRNA bases?
A.   alleles
B.   exon
C.   codon
D.   mutons
Question #15
Chromosomes are
A.   composed of two strands during early stages of cell division
B.   visible during all stages of cell division
C.   indiscrete structures
D.   made up of DNA and proteins
Question #16
Autosomes
A.   occur singularly
B.   carry genetic information influencing all physical characteristics except primary sex determination
C.   carry genetic information that determine the individual’s sex
D.   carry genetic information influencing all physical characteristics
Question #17
How many chromosomes occur in a normal human somatic cell?
A.   53
B.   46
C.   44
D.   43
Question #18
How many chromosome pairs occur in a normal human somatic cell?
A.   23
B.   26
C.   24
D.   22
Question #19
What are the X and Y chromosomes called?
A.   autosomes
B.   karyotypes
C.   sex chromosomes
D.   gametes
Question #20
The Y chromosome
A.   carries a gene that causes a fetus to develop as male
B.   influences numerous characteristics such as toe length
C.   is found in both sexes; males have two, and females have one
D.   can be inherited from either parent
Question #21
Which of the following statements is true of mitosis?
A.   There are two cell divisions before the process is complete.
B.   The process requires only one cell division to be complete.
C.   Crossing-over occurs between homologous chromosomes.
D.   The result is gamete formation.
Question #22
After mitosis, daughter cells contain the same amount of DNA as in the original cell. Why?
A.   recombination
B.   pairing of homologous chromosomes
C.   meiosis
D.   DNA replication
Question #23
Meiosis
A.   involves two divisions and results in six daughter cells.
B.   permits healing of injured tissue
C.   is the cell division process in somatic cells
D.   is the cell division in specialized cells in ovaries and testes
Question #24
RNA uses a nucleotide called _____________, instead of thymine, during the transcription process.
A.   thiamine
B.   uracil
C.   aspernine
D.   codinine
Question #25
Proteins are manufactured within the cell at structures called:
A.   mitochondria
B.   nuclei
C.   nucleoli
D.   ribosomes
Question #26
The name for a triplet of mRNA bases is:
A.   mBases
B.   Nucleotide markers
C.   Codon
D.   Anticodon
Question #27
Where does transcription occur?
A.   In the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
B.   Santa Monica army recruitment offices
C.   In forensic anthropology laboratories
D.   At the ribosome
Question #28
Cells with one-half of the full complement of DNA are called
A.   diploid cells.
B.   stem cells.
C.   base cells.
D.   haploid cells.
Question #29
  
A.   Somatic cells
B.   DNA
C.   Gametes
D.   Protein synthesis
Question #30
Mitosis produces ____________.
A.   Two diploid cells
B.   One haploid cell
C.   Two haploid cells
D.   Four haploid cells
Question #31
Meiosis is the division of ____________.
A.   Proteins
B.   Sex cells
C.   DNA
D.   Somatic cells
Question #32
During meiosis, the sex cell divides
A.   Four times
B.   Twice
C.   Once
D.   Three times
Question #33
The first step of both mitosis and meiosis is
A.   DNA replication
B.   Enzymatic halitosis
C.   Cell division
D.   Recombination
Question #34
During _____________ , maternal and paternal chromosomes in a sex cell are shuffled
A.   recombination
B.   regulation
C.   replication
D.   permutation
Question #35
_____________ carry the genetic information from one generation to the next.
A.   Nuclei
B.   Diploid cells
C.   Immature base cells
D.   Gametes
Question #36
Mitochondrial DNA has the same molecular structure and function as nuclear DNA found in the nucleus.
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE
Question #37
The structure of DNA can be described as a triple helix.
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE
Question #38
A codon triplet is a series of three DNA bases.
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE
Question #39
Transfer RNA forms a copy of the DNA molecule during translation.
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE
Question #40
Transfer RNA forms a copy of a portion of the DNA molecule during transcription.
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE
Question #41
Messenger RNA forms a copy of a gene in the DNA molecule during transcription.
A.   TRUE
B.   FALSE
Question #42
The process of translation during protein synthesis occurs at the ribosomes.
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE
Question #43
Meiosis occurs ONLY in ovaries.
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE
Question #44
Only prokaryotic organisms perform meiosis.
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE
Question #45
Transcription in DNA results in the formation of an identical DNA strand.
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE

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