Anthropology 101 - Human Biological Evolution » Fall 2020 » Basic Biology Quiz

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Question #1
Prokaryotic cells are distinguishable from eukaryotic cells because prokaryotes do not contain:
A.   a nucleus.
B.   DNA
C.   a plasma membrane
D.   Organelles
Question #2
Cells
A.   only have a nucleus and no cytoplasm
B.   are the basic units of life
C.   are only inherited from one parent
D.   usually do not have DNA
Question #3
The cell nucleus
A.   is not distinct from the cytoplasm
B.   is made up of ribosomes
C.   contains genetic information
D.   contains only X and Y chromosomes
Question #4
Somatic cells are not
A.   basically all the cells in the body except those involved in reproduction
B.   gametes
C.   those that make up tissues, e.g. muscles and the brain
D.   one type of eukaryotic cell
Question #5
Ribosomes are
A.   important to protein synthesis
B.   the sex chromosomes
C.   only present when the cell divides
D.   found only in prokaryotes
Question #6
The two basic types of cells are somatic cells and
A.   polar bodies
B.   organelles
C.   autosomes
D.   gametes
Question #7
Gametes
A.   are important structural components of the body
B.   are also called zygotes
C.   are basic units of the DNA molecule composed of sugar
D.   transmit genetic information from parent to offspring
Question #8
DNA
A.   is composed of nucleotides
B.   is single-stranded
C.   is composed of nitrogenous bases, sugars and gametes
D.   contains six different nitrogenous bases
Question #9
A nucleotide
A.   is not a basic unit of the DNA molecule
B.   is the same thing as an RNA molecule
C.   codes for the production of an amino acid
D.   is composed of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate unit
Question #10
Which of the following nitrogenous bases is not found in DNA?
A.   Thymine
B.   Uracil
C.   Guanine
D.   Adenine
Question #11
Which of the following statements concerning RNA is false?
A.   It is single-stranded.
B.   It is involved in the synthesis of proteins.
C.   It contains the same sugar as found in DNA.
D.   It contains the base uracil instead of thymine.
Question #12
In protein synthesis, the process called transcription is which of the following?
A.   manufacture of tRNA
B.   production of amino acids
C.   formation of a mRNA molecule
D.   assembly of polypeptide chains
Question #13
What is the complete sequence of DNA bases that specifies the order of amino acids in an entire protein?
A.   amino acid
B.   codon
C.   gene
D.   helix
Question #14
What is the name for a triplet of mRNA bases?
A.   alleles
B.   codon
C.   mutons
D.   exon
Question #15
Chromosomes are
A.   composed of two strands during early stages of cell division
B.   made up of DNA and proteins
C.   visible during all stages of cell division
D.   indiscrete structures
Question #16
Autosomes
A.   carry genetic information that determine the individual’s sex
B.   carry genetic information influencing all physical characteristics except primary sex determination
C.   carry genetic information influencing all physical characteristics
D.   occur singularly
Question #17
How many chromosomes occur in a normal human somatic cell?
A.   44
B.   43
C.   53
D.   46
Question #18
How many chromosome pairs occur in a normal human somatic cell?
A.   24
B.   22
C.   23
D.   26
Question #19
What are the X and Y chromosomes called?
A.   autosomes
B.   karyotypes
C.   gametes
D.   sex chromosomes
Question #20
The Y chromosome
A.   influences numerous characteristics such as toe length
B.   is found in both sexes; males have two, and females have one
C.   carries a gene that causes a fetus to develop as male
D.   can be inherited from either parent
Question #21
Which of the following statements is true of mitosis?
A.   There are two cell divisions before the process is complete.
B.   The process requires only one cell division to be complete.
C.   The result is gamete formation.
D.   Crossing-over occurs between homologous chromosomes.
Question #22
After mitosis, daughter cells contain the same amount of DNA as in the original cell. Why?
A.   recombination
B.   meiosis
C.   pairing of homologous chromosomes
D.   DNA replication
Question #23
Meiosis
A.   is the cell division process in somatic cells
B.   involves two divisions and results in six daughter cells.
C.   is the cell division in specialized cells in ovaries and testes
D.   permits healing of injured tissue
Question #24
RNA uses a nucleotide called _____________, instead of thymine, during the transcription process.
A.   codinine
B.   uracil
C.   thiamine
D.   aspernine
Question #25
Proteins are manufactured within the cell at structures called:
A.   nucleoli
B.   ribosomes
C.   nuclei
D.   mitochondria
Question #26
The name for a triplet of mRNA bases is:
A.   Codon
B.   Anticodon
C.   mBases
D.   Nucleotide markers
Question #27
Where does transcription occur?
A.   At the ribosome
B.   In forensic anthropology laboratories
C.   Santa Monica army recruitment offices
D.   In the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
Question #28
Cells with one-half of the full complement of DNA are called
A.   base cells.
B.   stem cells.
C.   diploid cells.
D.   haploid cells.
Question #29
  
A.   Somatic cells
B.   DNA
C.   Protein synthesis
D.   Gametes
Question #30
Mitosis produces ____________.
A.   Two haploid cells
B.   Four haploid cells
C.   One haploid cell
D.   Two diploid cells
Question #31
Meiosis is the division of ____________.
A.   Proteins
B.   DNA
C.   Sex cells
D.   Somatic cells
Question #32
During meiosis, the sex cell divides
A.   Three times
B.   Four times
C.   Once
D.   Twice
Question #33
The first step of both mitosis and meiosis is
A.   Enzymatic halitosis
B.   DNA replication
C.   Recombination
D.   Cell division
Question #34
During _____________ , maternal and paternal chromosomes in a sex cell are shuffled
A.   permutation
B.   replication
C.   recombination
D.   regulation
Question #35
_____________ carry the genetic information from one generation to the next.
A.   Immature base cells
B.   Nuclei
C.   Diploid cells
D.   Gametes
Question #36
Mitochondrial DNA has the same molecular structure and function as nuclear DNA found in the nucleus.
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE
Question #37
The structure of DNA can be described as a triple helix.
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE
Question #38
A codon triplet is a series of three DNA bases.
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE
Question #39
Transfer RNA forms a copy of the DNA molecule during translation.
A.   TRUE
B.   FALSE
Question #40
Transfer RNA forms a copy of a portion of the DNA molecule during transcription.
A.   TRUE
B.   FALSE
Question #41
Messenger RNA forms a copy of a gene in the DNA molecule during transcription.
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE
Question #42
The process of translation during protein synthesis occurs at the ribosomes.
A.   TRUE
B.   FALSE
Question #43
Meiosis occurs ONLY in ovaries.
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE
Question #44
Only prokaryotic organisms perform meiosis.
A.   TRUE
B.   FALSE
Question #45
Transcription in DNA results in the formation of an identical DNA strand.
A.   TRUE
B.   FALSE

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