Anthropology 101 - Human Biological Evolution » Fall 2020 » Basic Biology Quiz
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Question #1
Prokaryotic cells are distinguishable from eukaryotic cells because prokaryotes do not contain:
A.
DNA
B.
a plasma membrane
C.
a nucleus.
D.
Organelles
Question #2
Cells
A.
only have a nucleus and no cytoplasm
B.
are only inherited from one parent
C.
are the basic units of life
D.
usually do not have DNA
Question #3
The cell nucleus
A.
is made up of ribosomes
B.
is not distinct from the cytoplasm
C.
contains genetic information
D.
contains only X and Y chromosomes
Question #4
Somatic cells are not
A.
those that make up tissues, e.g. muscles and the brain
B.
basically all the cells in the body except those involved in reproduction
C.
one type of eukaryotic cell
D.
gametes
Question #5
Ribosomes are
A.
important to protein synthesis
B.
the sex chromosomes
C.
only present when the cell divides
D.
found only in prokaryotes
Question #6
The two basic types of cells are somatic cells and
A.
autosomes
B.
gametes
C.
organelles
D.
polar bodies
Question #7
Gametes
A.
are basic units of the DNA molecule composed of sugar
B.
transmit genetic information from parent to offspring
C.
are important structural components of the body
D.
are also called zygotes
Question #8
DNA
A.
contains six different nitrogenous bases
B.
is composed of nucleotides
C.
is composed of nitrogenous bases, sugars and gametes
D.
is single-stranded
Question #9
A nucleotide
A.
is composed of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate unit
B.
is not a basic unit of the DNA molecule
C.
is the same thing as an RNA molecule
D.
codes for the production of an amino acid
Question #10
Which of the following nitrogenous bases is not found in DNA?
A.
Adenine
B.
Guanine
C.
Uracil
D.
Thymine
Question #11
Which of the following statements concerning RNA is false?
A.
It is involved in the synthesis of proteins.
B.
It contains the same sugar as found in DNA.
C.
It is single-stranded.
D.
It contains the base uracil instead of thymine.
Question #12
In protein synthesis, the process called transcription is which of the following?
A.
formation of a mRNA molecule
B.
manufacture of tRNA
C.
production of amino acids
D.
assembly of polypeptide chains
Question #13
What is the complete sequence of DNA bases that specifies the order of amino acids in an entire protein?
A.
helix
B.
amino acid
C.
codon
D.
gene
Question #14
What is the name for a triplet of mRNA bases?
A.
exon
B.
codon
C.
alleles
D.
mutons
Question #15
Chromosomes are
A.
visible during all stages of cell division
B.
made up of DNA and proteins
C.
composed of two strands during early stages of cell division
D.
indiscrete structures
Question #16
Autosomes
A.
carry genetic information influencing all physical characteristics
B.
carry genetic information that determine the individual’s sex
C.
occur singularly
D.
carry genetic information influencing all physical characteristics except primary sex determination
Question #17
How many chromosomes occur in a normal human somatic cell?
A.
53
B.
43
C.
46
D.
44
Question #18
How many chromosome pairs occur in a normal human somatic cell?
A.
26
B.
22
C.
23
D.
24
Question #19
What are the X and Y chromosomes called?
A.
karyotypes
B.
autosomes
C.
sex chromosomes
D.
gametes
Question #20
The Y chromosome
A.
carries a gene that causes a fetus to develop as male
B.
influences numerous characteristics such as toe length
C.
can be inherited from either parent
D.
is found in both sexes; males have two, and females have one
Question #21
Which of the following statements is true of mitosis?
A.
There are two cell divisions before the process is complete.
B.
The result is gamete formation.
C.
The process requires only one cell division to be complete.
D.
Crossing-over occurs between homologous chromosomes.
Question #22
After mitosis, daughter cells contain the same amount of DNA as in the original cell. Why?
A.
pairing of homologous chromosomes
B.
DNA replication
C.
recombination
D.
meiosis
Question #23
Meiosis
A.
is the cell division in specialized cells in ovaries and testes
B.
involves two divisions and results in six daughter cells.
C.
permits healing of injured tissue
D.
is the cell division process in somatic cells
Question #24
RNA uses a nucleotide called _____________, instead of thymine, during the transcription process.
A.
thiamine
B.
aspernine
C.
uracil
D.
codinine
Question #25
Proteins are manufactured within the cell at structures called:
A.
nuclei
B.
mitochondria
C.
nucleoli
D.
ribosomes
Question #26
The name for a triplet of mRNA bases is:
A.
Codon
B.
Anticodon
C.
Nucleotide markers
D.
mBases
Question #27
Where does transcription occur?
A.
At the ribosome
B.
Santa Monica army recruitment offices
C.
In forensic anthropology laboratories
D.
In the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
Question #28
Cells with one-half of the full complement of DNA are called
A.
diploid cells.
B.
haploid cells.
C.
stem cells.
D.
base cells.
Question #29
Mitosis is the division of ___________.
A.
Gametes
B.
DNA
C.
Somatic cells
D.
Protein synthesis
Question #30
Mitosis produces ____________.
A.
Two haploid cells
B.
Four haploid cells
C.
One haploid cell
D.
Two diploid cells
Question #31
Meiosis is the division of ____________.
A.
Proteins
B.
DNA
C.
Sex cells
D.
Somatic cells
Question #32
During meiosis, the sex cell divides
A.
Once
B.
Four times
C.
Twice
D.
Three times
Question #33
The first step of both mitosis and meiosis is
A.
DNA replication
B.
Recombination
C.
Cell division
D.
Enzymatic halitosis
Question #34
During _____________ , maternal and paternal chromosomes in a sex cell are shuffled
A.
permutation
B.
regulation
C.
replication
D.
recombination
Question #35
_____________ carry the genetic information from one generation to the next.
A.
Immature base cells
B.
Nuclei
C.
Gametes
D.
Diploid cells
Question #36
Mitochondrial DNA has the same molecular structure and function as nuclear DNA found in the nucleus.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #37
The structure of DNA can be described as a triple helix.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #38
A codon triplet is a series of three DNA bases.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #39
Transfer RNA forms a copy of the DNA molecule during translation.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #40
Transfer RNA forms a copy of a portion of the DNA molecule during transcription.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #41
Messenger RNA forms a copy of a gene in the DNA molecule during transcription.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #42
The process of translation during protein synthesis occurs at the ribosomes.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #43
Meiosis occurs ONLY in ovaries.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #44
Only prokaryotic organisms perform meiosis.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #45
Transcription in DNA results in the formation of an identical DNA strand.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
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