Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Fall 2020 » Exam 1
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Question #1
Which statement is generally NOT true?
A.
Microbial cells exclude the cells of plants and animals.
B.
Microbial cells exist as single cells.
C.
Viruses are living entity ouside the host body
D.
Microbial cells carry out their life processes of growth independently.
Question #2
The theory of spontaneous generation was refuted by the work of
A.
Robert Hooke.
B.
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek.
C.
Robert Koch.
D.
Louis Pasteur.
Question #3
A Pasteur flask has a(n)
A.
inverted upper edge to prevent spillage while swirling.
B.
swan neck to prevent particulate matter from getting into the main body of the flask
C.
secondary opening at the base to allow for drainage.
D.
double neck so two substances may be added at the same time.
Question #4
A pure culture
A.
is a population of identical cells.
B.
is made of a clearly defined chemical medium.
C.
is sterile.
D.
was cultured for a certified stock culture.
Question #5
Prokaryotes are made up of which two groups?
A.
protozoa and animals
B.
Bacteria and fungi
C.
Bacteria andArchaea
D.
Archaea and fungi
Question #6
The Gram stain differentiates bacterial cells into gram positive and gram negative based on differences in the
A.
presence of a plasmid.
B.
genomic content.
C.
cell's metabolic capabilities.
D.
cell wall structure.
Question #7
Organisms most likely to be found in extreme environments are
A.
Archaea.
B.
viruses.
C.
Bacteria.
D.
fungi.
Question #8
When the oil-immersion lens is used,
A.
light rays are collected to increase clarity
B.
magnification of objects is increased by about tenfold.
C.
light rays are scattered so unnecessary background material is not seen.
D.
objects are held in place on the microscope slide.
Question #9
The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) layer is found ONLY in the cell wall of
A.
Archaea.
B.
gram-negative Bacteria.
C.
gram-positiveBacteria.
D.
Eukarya.
Question #10
An endotoxin is
A.
the toxin produced in the periplasm of most bacteria.
B.
a toxin known for its primary attack on the epidermis of mammals.
C.
a toxin produced within archaeal cells.
D.
the toxic portion of the LPS.
Question #11
What is the biological function of endospores?
A.
They are formed as evaginations of the bacterial cell walls.
B.
They enable organisms to endure extremes of temperature, drying, and nutrient depletion.
C.
They are bacterial reproductive structures.
D.
All of the above are endospore functions.
Question #12
When does endospore formation commence?
A.
when the bacterium is undergoing binary fission
B.
when bacteria are dividing exponentially
C.
when bacterial growth ceases due to limitation of an essential nutrient
D.
following bacterial death
Question #13
A bacterial species differs from a species of eukaryotic organisms in that a bacterial species
A.
Has a limited geographical distribution.
B.
Breeds with its own species
C.
Is a population of cells with similar characteristics.
D.
Can be distinguished from other bacterial species.
E.
Does not breed with other species.
Question #14
Biochemical tests are used to determine
A.
Amino acid sequences.
B.
Staining characteristics.
C.
Nucleic acid-base composition.
D.
Enzymatic activities.
E.
All of the above.
Question #15
The phylogenetic classification of bacteria is based on
A.
Cell morphology.
B.
Habitat.
C.
Diseases.
D.
Gram reaction.
E.
rRNA sequences.
Question #16
In the scientific name Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter is the
A.
Genus.
B.
Specific epithet.
C.
Kingdom.
D.
E.
Order.
F.
Family.
Question #17
Serological testing is based on the fact that
A.
Antibodies cause the formation of antigens.
B.
The human body makes antibodies against bacteria.
C.
Bacteria clump together when mixed with any antibodies.
D.
All bacteria have the same antigens.
E.
Antibodies react specifically with an antigen.
Question #18
Phage typing is based on the fact that
A.
Staphylococcus causes infections
B.
Phages and bacteria are related.
C.
Bacterial viruses attack specific cells.
D.
Bacteria are destroyed by viruses.
E.
Viruses cause disease.
Question #19
Nucleic acid hybridization is based on the fact that
A.
The strands of DNA can be separated.
B.
DNA is composed of genes.
C.
A chromosome is composed of complementary strands.
D.
Pairing between complementary bases occurs.
E.
All cells have DNA.
Question #20
A clone is
A.
Genetically identical cells derived from a single cell.
B.
A taxon composed of species.
C.
A mound of cells on an agar medium.
D.
A genetically engineered cell.
E.
None of the above.
Question #21
Which of the following is NOT a domain in the three-domain system?
A.
Eukarya
B.
Archaea
C.
Bacteria
D.
Animalia
Question #22
Who was the first to observe microorganisms with a microscope?
A.
Koch
B.
Hooke
C.
Weizmann
D.
Pasteur
E.
van Leeuwenhoek
Question #23
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
A.
van Leeuwenhoek germ theory
B.
Jenner vaccines
C.
Pasteur fermentation
D.
Lister aseptic surgery
E.
Hooke cell theory
Question #24
Which of the following statements is true?
A.
Fungi are plants.
B.
Bacteria cannot move.
C.
Protozoa have rigid cell walls.
D.
Algae are parasites.
E.
Viruses cannot reproduce outside a host cell.
Question #25
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
A.
Penicillin antibiotic
B.
Chemotherapy treatment of disease
C.
Normal microbiota harmful
D.
Vaccine a preparation of microorganisms
E.
Pathogen disease causing
Question #26
A multicellular organism that has chitin cell walls and absorbs organic material is a(n)
A.
Fungus.
B.
Helminth.
C.
Alga.
D.
Virus.
E.
Bacterium.
Question #27
Archaea differ from bacteria in that archaea
A.
Reproduce by binary fission.
B.
Use organic compounds for food.
C.
Lack nuclei.
D.
Are prokaryotic.
E.
Lack peptidoglycan.
Question #28
Which of the following statements is false?
A.
All fungi have nuclear membranes.
B.
All protozoa are unicellular.
C.
All viruses are parasites
D.
All fungi are multicellular.
E.
All bacteria lack nuclear membranes.
Question #29
Semmelweis advocated handwashing as a method of preventing which of the following diseases?
A.
anthrax
B.
smallpox
C.
syphilis
D.
puerperal fever
E.
cholera
Question #30
Which of the following scientists was the first to develop a taxonomic system for classifying organisms?
A.
Needham
B.
Lister
C.
Leeuwenhoek
D.
Linnaeus
E.
Pasteur
Question #31
Who discovered penicillin?
A.
Fleming
B.
Pasteur
C.
Ehrlich
D.
Kitasato
E.
Domagk
Question #32
Which of the following chemical substances contributes to the unique characteristics of acid-fast bacteria?
A.
endotoxin
B.
peptidoglycan
C.
mycolic acid
D.
N-acetylglucosamine
E.
lipoteichoic acid
Question #33
Bergey's Manual contains
A.
rules for naming new bacterial species.
B.
treatments for bacterial diseases.
C.
genetic sequences of prokaryotes
D.
classification schemes for prokaryotes
E.
recipes for bacterial growth media.
Question #34
Cocci can be spherical as well as kidney-shaped.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #35
Christian Gram devised a staining technique that divides all bacteria into two groups.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #36
Koch's postulates can be used to prove the causes of infectious diseases.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #37
Prokaryotic chromosomes are generally linear.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #38
Ribosomal RNAs can be used to study phylogenetic relationships between organisms.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #39
Teichoic acids are commonly found in gram-negative cell walls.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #40
Most microorganisms are pathogenic.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #41
Ribosomes function primarily in energy production.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #42
A differential stain is called "differential" because it does not stain all kinds of cells the same
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #43
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
A.
Ehrlich chemotherapy
B.
Jenner vaccination
C.
Pasteur proof of biogenesis
D.
Koch aseptic surgery
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