Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Fall 2020 » Exam 1
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Question #1
Which statement is generally NOT true?
A.
Microbial cells exclude the cells of plants and animals.
B.
Viruses are living entity ouside the host body
C.
Microbial cells exist as single cells.
D.
Microbial cells carry out their life processes of growth independently.
Question #2
The theory of spontaneous generation was refuted by the work of
A.
Louis Pasteur.
B.
Robert Koch.
C.
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek.
D.
Robert Hooke.
Question #3
A Pasteur flask has a(n)
A.
inverted upper edge to prevent spillage while swirling.
B.
swan neck to prevent particulate matter from getting into the main body of the flask
C.
double neck so two substances may be added at the same time.
D.
secondary opening at the base to allow for drainage.
Question #4
A pure culture
A.
was cultured for a certified stock culture.
B.
is a population of identical cells.
C.
is sterile.
D.
is made of a clearly defined chemical medium.
Question #5
Prokaryotes are made up of which two groups?
A.
Archaea and fungi
B.
Bacteria and fungi
C.
Bacteria andArchaea
D.
protozoa and animals
Question #6
The Gram stain differentiates bacterial cells into gram positive and gram negative based on differences in the
A.
presence of a plasmid.
B.
cell wall structure.
C.
cell's metabolic capabilities.
D.
genomic content.
Question #7
Organisms most likely to be found in extreme environments are
A.
Bacteria.
B.
fungi.
C.
viruses.
D.
Archaea.
Question #8
When the oil-immersion lens is used,
A.
magnification of objects is increased by about tenfold.
B.
light rays are scattered so unnecessary background material is not seen.
C.
objects are held in place on the microscope slide.
D.
light rays are collected to increase clarity
Question #9
The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) layer is found ONLY in the cell wall of
A.
gram-negative Bacteria.
B.
Archaea.
C.
Eukarya.
D.
gram-positiveBacteria.
Question #10
An endotoxin is
A.
a toxin produced within archaeal cells.
B.
the toxic portion of the LPS.
C.
the toxin produced in the periplasm of most bacteria.
D.
a toxin known for its primary attack on the epidermis of mammals.
Question #11
What is the biological function of endospores?
A.
They are bacterial reproductive structures.
B.
They enable organisms to endure extremes of temperature, drying, and nutrient depletion.
C.
They are formed as evaginations of the bacterial cell walls.
D.
All of the above are endospore functions.
Question #12
When does endospore formation commence?
A.
when the bacterium is undergoing binary fission
B.
following bacterial death
C.
when bacteria are dividing exponentially
D.
when bacterial growth ceases due to limitation of an essential nutrient
Question #13
A bacterial species differs from a species of eukaryotic organisms in that a bacterial species
A.
Breeds with its own species
B.
Does not breed with other species.
C.
Is a population of cells with similar characteristics.
D.
Has a limited geographical distribution.
E.
Can be distinguished from other bacterial species.
Question #14
Biochemical tests are used to determine
A.
Nucleic acid-base composition.
B.
Amino acid sequences.
C.
Staining characteristics.
D.
Enzymatic activities.
E.
All of the above.
Question #15
The phylogenetic classification of bacteria is based on
A.
Gram reaction.
B.
Diseases.
C.
Habitat.
D.
rRNA sequences.
E.
Cell morphology.
Question #16
In the scientific name Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter is the
A.
B.
Family.
C.
Kingdom.
D.
Order.
E.
Genus.
F.
Specific epithet.
Question #17
Serological testing is based on the fact that
A.
The human body makes antibodies against bacteria.
B.
Antibodies react specifically with an antigen.
C.
Bacteria clump together when mixed with any antibodies.
D.
Antibodies cause the formation of antigens.
E.
All bacteria have the same antigens.
Question #18
Phage typing is based on the fact that
A.
Viruses cause disease.
B.
Bacterial viruses attack specific cells.
C.
Phages and bacteria are related.
D.
Staphylococcus causes infections
E.
Bacteria are destroyed by viruses.
Question #19
Nucleic acid hybridization is based on the fact that
A.
A chromosome is composed of complementary strands.
B.
Pairing between complementary bases occurs.
C.
DNA is composed of genes.
D.
All cells have DNA.
E.
The strands of DNA can be separated.
Question #20
A clone is
A.
Genetically identical cells derived from a single cell.
B.
A genetically engineered cell.
C.
A mound of cells on an agar medium.
D.
A taxon composed of species.
E.
None of the above.
Question #21
Which of the following is NOT a domain in the three-domain system?
A.
Eukarya
B.
Archaea
C.
Bacteria
D.
Animalia
Question #22
Who was the first to observe microorganisms with a microscope?
A.
van Leeuwenhoek
B.
Hooke
C.
Koch
D.
Weizmann
E.
Pasteur
Question #23
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
A.
van Leeuwenhoek germ theory
B.
Pasteur fermentation
C.
Hooke cell theory
D.
Jenner vaccines
E.
Lister aseptic surgery
Question #24
Which of the following statements is true?
A.
Protozoa have rigid cell walls.
B.
Viruses cannot reproduce outside a host cell.
C.
Bacteria cannot move.
D.
Algae are parasites.
E.
Fungi are plants.
Question #25
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
A.
Vaccine a preparation of microorganisms
B.
Chemotherapy treatment of disease
C.
Penicillin antibiotic
D.
Normal microbiota harmful
E.
Pathogen disease causing
Question #26
A multicellular organism that has chitin cell walls and absorbs organic material is a(n)
A.
Virus.
B.
Fungus.
C.
Bacterium.
D.
Alga.
E.
Helminth.
Question #27
Archaea differ from bacteria in that archaea
A.
Are prokaryotic.
B.
Reproduce by binary fission.
C.
Use organic compounds for food.
D.
Lack nuclei.
E.
Lack peptidoglycan.
Question #28
Which of the following statements is false?
A.
All protozoa are unicellular.
B.
All bacteria lack nuclear membranes.
C.
All viruses are parasites
D.
All fungi have nuclear membranes.
E.
All fungi are multicellular.
Question #29
Semmelweis advocated handwashing as a method of preventing which of the following diseases?
A.
smallpox
B.
syphilis
C.
cholera
D.
anthrax
E.
puerperal fever
Question #30
Which of the following scientists was the first to develop a taxonomic system for classifying organisms?
A.
Lister
B.
Pasteur
C.
Leeuwenhoek
D.
Linnaeus
E.
Needham
Question #31
Who discovered penicillin?
A.
Kitasato
B.
Ehrlich
C.
Domagk
D.
Fleming
E.
Pasteur
Question #32
Which of the following chemical substances contributes to the unique characteristics of acid-fast bacteria?
A.
peptidoglycan
B.
lipoteichoic acid
C.
endotoxin
D.
N-acetylglucosamine
E.
mycolic acid
Question #33
Bergey's Manual contains
A.
recipes for bacterial growth media.
B.
genetic sequences of prokaryotes
C.
classification schemes for prokaryotes
D.
treatments for bacterial diseases.
E.
rules for naming new bacterial species.
Question #34
Cocci can be spherical as well as kidney-shaped.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #35
Christian Gram devised a staining technique that divides all bacteria into two groups.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #36
Koch's postulates can be used to prove the causes of infectious diseases.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #37
Prokaryotic chromosomes are generally linear.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #38
Ribosomal RNAs can be used to study phylogenetic relationships between organisms.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #39
Teichoic acids are commonly found in gram-negative cell walls.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #40
Most microorganisms are pathogenic.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #41
Ribosomes function primarily in energy production.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #42
A differential stain is called "differential" because it does not stain all kinds of cells the same
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #43
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
A.
Pasteur proof of biogenesis
B.
Jenner vaccination
C.
Ehrlich chemotherapy
D.
Koch aseptic surgery
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