Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Fall 2020 » Exam 1
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Question #1
Which statement is generally NOT true?
A.
Microbial cells carry out their life processes of growth independently.
B.
Microbial cells exist as single cells.
C.
Viruses are living entity ouside the host body
D.
Microbial cells exclude the cells of plants and animals.
Question #2
The theory of spontaneous generation was refuted by the work of
A.
Robert Hooke.
B.
Robert Koch.
C.
Louis Pasteur.
D.
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek.
Question #3
A Pasteur flask has a(n)
A.
swan neck to prevent particulate matter from getting into the main body of the flask
B.
double neck so two substances may be added at the same time.
C.
secondary opening at the base to allow for drainage.
D.
inverted upper edge to prevent spillage while swirling.
Question #4
A pure culture
A.
is a population of identical cells.
B.
is made of a clearly defined chemical medium.
C.
is sterile.
D.
was cultured for a certified stock culture.
Question #5
Prokaryotes are made up of which two groups?
A.
Archaea and fungi
B.
Bacteria and fungi
C.
protozoa and animals
D.
Bacteria andArchaea
Question #6
The Gram stain differentiates bacterial cells into gram positive and gram negative based on differences in the
A.
cell wall structure.
B.
cell's metabolic capabilities.
C.
presence of a plasmid.
D.
genomic content.
Question #7
Organisms most likely to be found in extreme environments are
A.
Bacteria.
B.
viruses.
C.
Archaea.
D.
fungi.
Question #8
When the oil-immersion lens is used,
A.
magnification of objects is increased by about tenfold.
B.
objects are held in place on the microscope slide.
C.
light rays are collected to increase clarity
D.
light rays are scattered so unnecessary background material is not seen.
Question #9
The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) layer is found ONLY in the cell wall of
A.
gram-positiveBacteria.
B.
Eukarya.
C.
Archaea.
D.
gram-negative Bacteria.
Question #10
An endotoxin is
A.
a toxin produced within archaeal cells.
B.
the toxin produced in the periplasm of most bacteria.
C.
the toxic portion of the LPS.
D.
a toxin known for its primary attack on the epidermis of mammals.
Question #11
What is the biological function of endospores?
A.
They enable organisms to endure extremes of temperature, drying, and nutrient depletion.
B.
They are formed as evaginations of the bacterial cell walls.
C.
They are bacterial reproductive structures.
D.
All of the above are endospore functions.
Question #12
When does endospore formation commence?
A.
when bacterial growth ceases due to limitation of an essential nutrient
B.
when bacteria are dividing exponentially
C.
following bacterial death
D.
when the bacterium is undergoing binary fission
Question #13
A bacterial species differs from a species of eukaryotic organisms in that a bacterial species
A.
Is a population of cells with similar characteristics.
B.
Can be distinguished from other bacterial species.
C.
Has a limited geographical distribution.
D.
Does not breed with other species.
E.
Breeds with its own species
Question #14
Biochemical tests are used to determine
A.
Enzymatic activities.
B.
Amino acid sequences.
C.
Staining characteristics.
D.
Nucleic acid-base composition.
E.
All of the above.
Question #15
The phylogenetic classification of bacteria is based on
A.
Gram reaction.
B.
Cell morphology.
C.
rRNA sequences.
D.
Habitat.
E.
Diseases.
Question #16
In the scientific name Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter is the
A.
Order.
B.
C.
Family.
D.
Specific epithet.
E.
Kingdom.
F.
Genus.
Question #17
Serological testing is based on the fact that
A.
All bacteria have the same antigens.
B.
The human body makes antibodies against bacteria.
C.
Bacteria clump together when mixed with any antibodies.
D.
Antibodies react specifically with an antigen.
E.
Antibodies cause the formation of antigens.
Question #18
Phage typing is based on the fact that
A.
Bacteria are destroyed by viruses.
B.
Viruses cause disease.
C.
Staphylococcus causes infections
D.
Phages and bacteria are related.
E.
Bacterial viruses attack specific cells.
Question #19
Nucleic acid hybridization is based on the fact that
A.
Pairing between complementary bases occurs.
B.
All cells have DNA.
C.
The strands of DNA can be separated.
D.
A chromosome is composed of complementary strands.
E.
DNA is composed of genes.
Question #20
A clone is
A.
A mound of cells on an agar medium.
B.
Genetically identical cells derived from a single cell.
C.
A genetically engineered cell.
D.
A taxon composed of species.
E.
None of the above.
Question #21
Which of the following is NOT a domain in the three-domain system?
A.
Eukarya
B.
Bacteria
C.
Archaea
D.
Animalia
Question #22
Who was the first to observe microorganisms with a microscope?
A.
Koch
B.
Hooke
C.
Pasteur
D.
van Leeuwenhoek
E.
Weizmann
Question #23
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
A.
Lister aseptic surgery
B.
Hooke cell theory
C.
van Leeuwenhoek germ theory
D.
Pasteur fermentation
E.
Jenner vaccines
Question #24
Which of the following statements is true?
A.
Protozoa have rigid cell walls.
B.
Bacteria cannot move.
C.
Viruses cannot reproduce outside a host cell.
D.
Algae are parasites.
E.
Fungi are plants.
Question #25
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
A.
Chemotherapy treatment of disease
B.
Normal microbiota harmful
C.
Vaccine a preparation of microorganisms
D.
Penicillin antibiotic
E.
Pathogen disease causing
Question #26
A multicellular organism that has chitin cell walls and absorbs organic material is a(n)
A.
Helminth.
B.
Bacterium.
C.
Alga.
D.
Fungus.
E.
Virus.
Question #27
Archaea differ from bacteria in that archaea
A.
Lack peptidoglycan.
B.
Reproduce by binary fission.
C.
Lack nuclei.
D.
Are prokaryotic.
E.
Use organic compounds for food.
Question #28
Which of the following statements is false?
A.
All fungi are multicellular.
B.
All viruses are parasites
C.
All fungi have nuclear membranes.
D.
All bacteria lack nuclear membranes.
E.
All protozoa are unicellular.
Question #29
Semmelweis advocated handwashing as a method of preventing which of the following diseases?
A.
smallpox
B.
anthrax
C.
cholera
D.
syphilis
E.
puerperal fever
Question #30
Which of the following scientists was the first to develop a taxonomic system for classifying organisms?
A.
Pasteur
B.
Linnaeus
C.
Lister
D.
Leeuwenhoek
E.
Needham
Question #31
Who discovered penicillin?
A.
Fleming
B.
Domagk
C.
Kitasato
D.
Ehrlich
E.
Pasteur
Question #32
Which of the following chemical substances contributes to the unique characteristics of acid-fast bacteria?
A.
mycolic acid
B.
lipoteichoic acid
C.
N-acetylglucosamine
D.
endotoxin
E.
peptidoglycan
Question #33
Bergey's Manual contains
A.
recipes for bacterial growth media.
B.
genetic sequences of prokaryotes
C.
rules for naming new bacterial species.
D.
classification schemes for prokaryotes
E.
treatments for bacterial diseases.
Question #34
Cocci can be spherical as well as kidney-shaped.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #35
Christian Gram devised a staining technique that divides all bacteria into two groups.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #36
Koch's postulates can be used to prove the causes of infectious diseases.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #37
Prokaryotic chromosomes are generally linear.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #38
Ribosomal RNAs can be used to study phylogenetic relationships between organisms.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #39
Teichoic acids are commonly found in gram-negative cell walls.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #40
Most microorganisms are pathogenic.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #41
Ribosomes function primarily in energy production.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #42
A differential stain is called "differential" because it does not stain all kinds of cells the same
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #43
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
A.
Pasteur proof of biogenesis
B.
Koch aseptic surgery
C.
Jenner vaccination
D.
Ehrlich chemotherapy
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