Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Fall 2020 » Exam 1
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Question #1
Which statement is generally NOT true?
A.
Viruses are living entity ouside the host body
B.
Microbial cells exclude the cells of plants and animals.
C.
Microbial cells carry out their life processes of growth independently.
D.
Microbial cells exist as single cells.
Question #2
The theory of spontaneous generation was refuted by the work of
A.
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek.
B.
Robert Hooke.
C.
Robert Koch.
D.
Louis Pasteur.
Question #3
A Pasteur flask has a(n)
A.
inverted upper edge to prevent spillage while swirling.
B.
swan neck to prevent particulate matter from getting into the main body of the flask
C.
secondary opening at the base to allow for drainage.
D.
double neck so two substances may be added at the same time.
Question #4
A pure culture
A.
is made of a clearly defined chemical medium.
B.
was cultured for a certified stock culture.
C.
is a population of identical cells.
D.
is sterile.
Question #5
Prokaryotes are made up of which two groups?
A.
Bacteria andArchaea
B.
protozoa and animals
C.
Bacteria and fungi
D.
Archaea and fungi
Question #6
The Gram stain differentiates bacterial cells into gram positive and gram negative based on differences in the
A.
genomic content.
B.
cell wall structure.
C.
cell's metabolic capabilities.
D.
presence of a plasmid.
Question #7
Organisms most likely to be found in extreme environments are
A.
Archaea.
B.
fungi.
C.
Bacteria.
D.
viruses.
Question #8
When the oil-immersion lens is used,
A.
magnification of objects is increased by about tenfold.
B.
objects are held in place on the microscope slide.
C.
light rays are collected to increase clarity
D.
light rays are scattered so unnecessary background material is not seen.
Question #9
The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) layer is found ONLY in the cell wall of
A.
Eukarya.
B.
gram-positiveBacteria.
C.
Archaea.
D.
gram-negative Bacteria.
Question #10
An endotoxin is
A.
a toxin produced within archaeal cells.
B.
the toxin produced in the periplasm of most bacteria.
C.
a toxin known for its primary attack on the epidermis of mammals.
D.
the toxic portion of the LPS.
Question #11
What is the biological function of endospores?
A.
They are formed as evaginations of the bacterial cell walls.
B.
They are bacterial reproductive structures.
C.
They enable organisms to endure extremes of temperature, drying, and nutrient depletion.
D.
All of the above are endospore functions.
Question #12
When does endospore formation commence?
A.
following bacterial death
B.
when the bacterium is undergoing binary fission
C.
when bacterial growth ceases due to limitation of an essential nutrient
D.
when bacteria are dividing exponentially
Question #13
A bacterial species differs from a species of eukaryotic organisms in that a bacterial species
A.
Can be distinguished from other bacterial species.
B.
Is a population of cells with similar characteristics.
C.
Does not breed with other species.
D.
Has a limited geographical distribution.
E.
Breeds with its own species
Question #14
Biochemical tests are used to determine
A.
Amino acid sequences.
B.
Enzymatic activities.
C.
Staining characteristics.
D.
Nucleic acid-base composition.
E.
All of the above.
Question #15
The phylogenetic classification of bacteria is based on
A.
Diseases.
B.
Habitat.
C.
rRNA sequences.
D.
Cell morphology.
E.
Gram reaction.
Question #16
In the scientific name Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter is the
A.
Genus.
B.
C.
Order.
D.
Kingdom.
E.
Specific epithet.
F.
Family.
Question #17
Serological testing is based on the fact that
A.
Antibodies cause the formation of antigens.
B.
The human body makes antibodies against bacteria.
C.
Antibodies react specifically with an antigen.
D.
Bacteria clump together when mixed with any antibodies.
E.
All bacteria have the same antigens.
Question #18
Phage typing is based on the fact that
A.
Bacterial viruses attack specific cells.
B.
Bacteria are destroyed by viruses.
C.
Phages and bacteria are related.
D.
Viruses cause disease.
E.
Staphylococcus causes infections
Question #19
Nucleic acid hybridization is based on the fact that
A.
A chromosome is composed of complementary strands.
B.
Pairing between complementary bases occurs.
C.
The strands of DNA can be separated.
D.
DNA is composed of genes.
E.
All cells have DNA.
Question #20
A clone is
A.
A taxon composed of species.
B.
Genetically identical cells derived from a single cell.
C.
A mound of cells on an agar medium.
D.
A genetically engineered cell.
E.
None of the above.
Question #21
Which of the following is NOT a domain in the three-domain system?
A.
Eukarya
B.
Archaea
C.
Animalia
D.
Bacteria
Question #22
Who was the first to observe microorganisms with a microscope?
A.
Pasteur
B.
Hooke
C.
Weizmann
D.
van Leeuwenhoek
E.
Koch
Question #23
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
A.
Pasteur fermentation
B.
Hooke cell theory
C.
Jenner vaccines
D.
van Leeuwenhoek germ theory
E.
Lister aseptic surgery
Question #24
Which of the following statements is true?
A.
Fungi are plants.
B.
Protozoa have rigid cell walls.
C.
Viruses cannot reproduce outside a host cell.
D.
Algae are parasites.
E.
Bacteria cannot move.
Question #25
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
A.
Penicillin antibiotic
B.
Pathogen disease causing
C.
Vaccine a preparation of microorganisms
D.
Chemotherapy treatment of disease
E.
Normal microbiota harmful
Question #26
A multicellular organism that has chitin cell walls and absorbs organic material is a(n)
A.
Bacterium.
B.
Helminth.
C.
Alga.
D.
Fungus.
E.
Virus.
Question #27
Archaea differ from bacteria in that archaea
A.
Use organic compounds for food.
B.
Are prokaryotic.
C.
Lack nuclei.
D.
Reproduce by binary fission.
E.
Lack peptidoglycan.
Question #28
Which of the following statements is false?
A.
All protozoa are unicellular.
B.
All bacteria lack nuclear membranes.
C.
All fungi are multicellular.
D.
All viruses are parasites
E.
All fungi have nuclear membranes.
Question #29
Semmelweis advocated handwashing as a method of preventing which of the following diseases?
A.
puerperal fever
B.
smallpox
C.
cholera
D.
syphilis
E.
anthrax
Question #30
Which of the following scientists was the first to develop a taxonomic system for classifying organisms?
A.
Lister
B.
Needham
C.
Leeuwenhoek
D.
Linnaeus
E.
Pasteur
Question #31
Who discovered penicillin?
A.
Domagk
B.
Kitasato
C.
Ehrlich
D.
Pasteur
E.
Fleming
Question #32
Which of the following chemical substances contributes to the unique characteristics of acid-fast bacteria?
A.
endotoxin
B.
peptidoglycan
C.
lipoteichoic acid
D.
mycolic acid
E.
N-acetylglucosamine
Question #33
Bergey's Manual contains
A.
treatments for bacterial diseases.
B.
rules for naming new bacterial species.
C.
classification schemes for prokaryotes
D.
recipes for bacterial growth media.
E.
genetic sequences of prokaryotes
Question #34
Cocci can be spherical as well as kidney-shaped.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #35
Christian Gram devised a staining technique that divides all bacteria into two groups.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #36
Koch's postulates can be used to prove the causes of infectious diseases.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #37
Prokaryotic chromosomes are generally linear.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #38
Ribosomal RNAs can be used to study phylogenetic relationships between organisms.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #39
Teichoic acids are commonly found in gram-negative cell walls.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #40
Most microorganisms are pathogenic.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #41
Ribosomes function primarily in energy production.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #42
A differential stain is called "differential" because it does not stain all kinds of cells the same
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #43
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
A.
Ehrlich chemotherapy
B.
Koch aseptic surgery
C.
Jenner vaccination
D.
Pasteur proof of biogenesis
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