Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Fall 2020 » Exam 1
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Question #1
Which statement is generally NOT true?
A.
Viruses are living entity ouside the host body
B.
Microbial cells carry out their life processes of growth independently.
C.
Microbial cells exist as single cells.
D.
Microbial cells exclude the cells of plants and animals.
Question #2
The theory of spontaneous generation was refuted by the work of
A.
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek.
B.
Robert Koch.
C.
Louis Pasteur.
D.
Robert Hooke.
Question #3
A Pasteur flask has a(n)
A.
secondary opening at the base to allow for drainage.
B.
inverted upper edge to prevent spillage while swirling.
C.
double neck so two substances may be added at the same time.
D.
swan neck to prevent particulate matter from getting into the main body of the flask
Question #4
A pure culture
A.
is made of a clearly defined chemical medium.
B.
is a population of identical cells.
C.
was cultured for a certified stock culture.
D.
is sterile.
Question #5
Prokaryotes are made up of which two groups?
A.
Archaea and fungi
B.
Bacteria andArchaea
C.
Bacteria and fungi
D.
protozoa and animals
Question #6
The Gram stain differentiates bacterial cells into gram positive and gram negative based on differences in the
A.
cell wall structure.
B.
presence of a plasmid.
C.
cell's metabolic capabilities.
D.
genomic content.
Question #7
Organisms most likely to be found in extreme environments are
A.
Archaea.
B.
Bacteria.
C.
viruses.
D.
fungi.
Question #8
When the oil-immersion lens is used,
A.
objects are held in place on the microscope slide.
B.
light rays are collected to increase clarity
C.
light rays are scattered so unnecessary background material is not seen.
D.
magnification of objects is increased by about tenfold.
Question #9
The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) layer is found ONLY in the cell wall of
A.
gram-negative Bacteria.
B.
gram-positiveBacteria.
C.
Archaea.
D.
Eukarya.
Question #10
An endotoxin is
A.
a toxin produced within archaeal cells.
B.
a toxin known for its primary attack on the epidermis of mammals.
C.
the toxin produced in the periplasm of most bacteria.
D.
the toxic portion of the LPS.
Question #11
What is the biological function of endospores?
A.
They are bacterial reproductive structures.
B.
They are formed as evaginations of the bacterial cell walls.
C.
They enable organisms to endure extremes of temperature, drying, and nutrient depletion.
D.
All of the above are endospore functions.
Question #12
When does endospore formation commence?
A.
following bacterial death
B.
when bacteria are dividing exponentially
C.
when the bacterium is undergoing binary fission
D.
when bacterial growth ceases due to limitation of an essential nutrient
Question #13
A bacterial species differs from a species of eukaryotic organisms in that a bacterial species
A.
Has a limited geographical distribution.
B.
Breeds with its own species
C.
Does not breed with other species.
D.
Can be distinguished from other bacterial species.
E.
Is a population of cells with similar characteristics.
Question #14
Biochemical tests are used to determine
A.
Amino acid sequences.
B.
Nucleic acid-base composition.
C.
Staining characteristics.
D.
Enzymatic activities.
E.
All of the above.
Question #15
The phylogenetic classification of bacteria is based on
A.
Gram reaction.
B.
Diseases.
C.
Cell morphology.
D.
rRNA sequences.
E.
Habitat.
Question #16
In the scientific name Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter is the
A.
B.
Genus.
C.
Order.
D.
Kingdom.
E.
Family.
F.
Specific epithet.
Question #17
Serological testing is based on the fact that
A.
Bacteria clump together when mixed with any antibodies.
B.
The human body makes antibodies against bacteria.
C.
Antibodies react specifically with an antigen.
D.
Antibodies cause the formation of antigens.
E.
All bacteria have the same antigens.
Question #18
Phage typing is based on the fact that
A.
Staphylococcus causes infections
B.
Phages and bacteria are related.
C.
Bacterial viruses attack specific cells.
D.
Viruses cause disease.
E.
Bacteria are destroyed by viruses.
Question #19
Nucleic acid hybridization is based on the fact that
A.
All cells have DNA.
B.
The strands of DNA can be separated.
C.
DNA is composed of genes.
D.
A chromosome is composed of complementary strands.
E.
Pairing between complementary bases occurs.
Question #20
A clone is
A.
A mound of cells on an agar medium.
B.
A taxon composed of species.
C.
Genetically identical cells derived from a single cell.
D.
A genetically engineered cell.
E.
None of the above.
Question #21
Which of the following is NOT a domain in the three-domain system?
A.
Eukarya
B.
Bacteria
C.
Animalia
D.
Archaea
Question #22
Who was the first to observe microorganisms with a microscope?
A.
Weizmann
B.
Hooke
C.
Koch
D.
Pasteur
E.
van Leeuwenhoek
Question #23
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
A.
Pasteur fermentation
B.
Jenner vaccines
C.
Lister aseptic surgery
D.
van Leeuwenhoek germ theory
E.
Hooke cell theory
Question #24
Which of the following statements is true?
A.
Protozoa have rigid cell walls.
B.
Bacteria cannot move.
C.
Algae are parasites.
D.
Fungi are plants.
E.
Viruses cannot reproduce outside a host cell.
Question #25
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
A.
Penicillin antibiotic
B.
Vaccine a preparation of microorganisms
C.
Pathogen disease causing
D.
Normal microbiota harmful
E.
Chemotherapy treatment of disease
Question #26
A multicellular organism that has chitin cell walls and absorbs organic material is a(n)
A.
Helminth.
B.
Alga.
C.
Fungus.
D.
Virus.
E.
Bacterium.
Question #27
Archaea differ from bacteria in that archaea
A.
Use organic compounds for food.
B.
Are prokaryotic.
C.
Reproduce by binary fission.
D.
Lack peptidoglycan.
E.
Lack nuclei.
Question #28
Which of the following statements is false?
A.
All fungi are multicellular.
B.
All bacteria lack nuclear membranes.
C.
All fungi have nuclear membranes.
D.
All viruses are parasites
E.
All protozoa are unicellular.
Question #29
Semmelweis advocated handwashing as a method of preventing which of the following diseases?
A.
cholera
B.
smallpox
C.
anthrax
D.
puerperal fever
E.
syphilis
Question #30
Which of the following scientists was the first to develop a taxonomic system for classifying organisms?
A.
Linnaeus
B.
Pasteur
C.
Leeuwenhoek
D.
Lister
E.
Needham
Question #31
Who discovered penicillin?
A.
Fleming
B.
Pasteur
C.
Ehrlich
D.
Kitasato
E.
Domagk
Question #32
Which of the following chemical substances contributes to the unique characteristics of acid-fast bacteria?
A.
N-acetylglucosamine
B.
endotoxin
C.
lipoteichoic acid
D.
mycolic acid
E.
peptidoglycan
Question #33
Bergey's Manual contains
A.
rules for naming new bacterial species.
B.
treatments for bacterial diseases.
C.
classification schemes for prokaryotes
D.
recipes for bacterial growth media.
E.
genetic sequences of prokaryotes
Question #34
Cocci can be spherical as well as kidney-shaped.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #35
Christian Gram devised a staining technique that divides all bacteria into two groups.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #36
Koch's postulates can be used to prove the causes of infectious diseases.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #37
Prokaryotic chromosomes are generally linear.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #38
Ribosomal RNAs can be used to study phylogenetic relationships between organisms.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #39
Teichoic acids are commonly found in gram-negative cell walls.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #40
Most microorganisms are pathogenic.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #41
Ribosomes function primarily in energy production.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #42
A differential stain is called "differential" because it does not stain all kinds of cells the same
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #43
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
A.
Jenner vaccination
B.
Koch aseptic surgery
C.
Pasteur proof of biogenesis
D.
Ehrlich chemotherapy
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