Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Fall 2020 » Exam 1
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Question #1
Which statement is generally NOT true?
A.
Microbial cells exist as single cells.
B.
Microbial cells carry out their life processes of growth independently.
C.
Viruses are living entity ouside the host body
D.
Microbial cells exclude the cells of plants and animals.
Question #2
The theory of spontaneous generation was refuted by the work of
A.
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek.
B.
Louis Pasteur.
C.
Robert Hooke.
D.
Robert Koch.
Question #3
A Pasteur flask has a(n)
A.
inverted upper edge to prevent spillage while swirling.
B.
secondary opening at the base to allow for drainage.
C.
double neck so two substances may be added at the same time.
D.
swan neck to prevent particulate matter from getting into the main body of the flask
Question #4
A pure culture
A.
is sterile.
B.
is a population of identical cells.
C.
was cultured for a certified stock culture.
D.
is made of a clearly defined chemical medium.
Question #5
Prokaryotes are made up of which two groups?
A.
Bacteria and fungi
B.
Archaea and fungi
C.
Bacteria andArchaea
D.
protozoa and animals
Question #6
The Gram stain differentiates bacterial cells into gram positive and gram negative based on differences in the
A.
genomic content.
B.
cell's metabolic capabilities.
C.
presence of a plasmid.
D.
cell wall structure.
Question #7
Organisms most likely to be found in extreme environments are
A.
Bacteria.
B.
viruses.
C.
Archaea.
D.
fungi.
Question #8
When the oil-immersion lens is used,
A.
magnification of objects is increased by about tenfold.
B.
objects are held in place on the microscope slide.
C.
light rays are scattered so unnecessary background material is not seen.
D.
light rays are collected to increase clarity
Question #9
The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) layer is found ONLY in the cell wall of
A.
Eukarya.
B.
gram-negative Bacteria.
C.
gram-positiveBacteria.
D.
Archaea.
Question #10
An endotoxin is
A.
a toxin produced within archaeal cells.
B.
a toxin known for its primary attack on the epidermis of mammals.
C.
the toxin produced in the periplasm of most bacteria.
D.
the toxic portion of the LPS.
Question #11
What is the biological function of endospores?
A.
They are bacterial reproductive structures.
B.
They enable organisms to endure extremes of temperature, drying, and nutrient depletion.
C.
They are formed as evaginations of the bacterial cell walls.
D.
All of the above are endospore functions.
Question #12
When does endospore formation commence?
A.
when bacterial growth ceases due to limitation of an essential nutrient
B.
when bacteria are dividing exponentially
C.
following bacterial death
D.
when the bacterium is undergoing binary fission
Question #13
A bacterial species differs from a species of eukaryotic organisms in that a bacterial species
A.
Breeds with its own species
B.
Has a limited geographical distribution.
C.
Is a population of cells with similar characteristics.
D.
Can be distinguished from other bacterial species.
E.
Does not breed with other species.
Question #14
Biochemical tests are used to determine
A.
Nucleic acid-base composition.
B.
Staining characteristics.
C.
Amino acid sequences.
D.
Enzymatic activities.
E.
All of the above.
Question #15
The phylogenetic classification of bacteria is based on
A.
Diseases.
B.
rRNA sequences.
C.
Habitat.
D.
Gram reaction.
E.
Cell morphology.
Question #16
In the scientific name Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter is the
A.
Kingdom.
B.
Order.
C.
Genus.
D.
Specific epithet.
E.
Family.
F.
Question #17
Serological testing is based on the fact that
A.
Antibodies cause the formation of antigens.
B.
The human body makes antibodies against bacteria.
C.
Bacteria clump together when mixed with any antibodies.
D.
Antibodies react specifically with an antigen.
E.
All bacteria have the same antigens.
Question #18
Phage typing is based on the fact that
A.
Bacteria are destroyed by viruses.
B.
Viruses cause disease.
C.
Staphylococcus causes infections
D.
Phages and bacteria are related.
E.
Bacterial viruses attack specific cells.
Question #19
Nucleic acid hybridization is based on the fact that
A.
All cells have DNA.
B.
DNA is composed of genes.
C.
The strands of DNA can be separated.
D.
Pairing between complementary bases occurs.
E.
A chromosome is composed of complementary strands.
Question #20
A clone is
A.
A taxon composed of species.
B.
A mound of cells on an agar medium.
C.
Genetically identical cells derived from a single cell.
D.
A genetically engineered cell.
E.
None of the above.
Question #21
Which of the following is NOT a domain in the three-domain system?
A.
Animalia
B.
Bacteria
C.
Eukarya
D.
Archaea
Question #22
Who was the first to observe microorganisms with a microscope?
A.
van Leeuwenhoek
B.
Weizmann
C.
Pasteur
D.
Hooke
E.
Koch
Question #23
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
A.
Lister aseptic surgery
B.
Jenner vaccines
C.
Pasteur fermentation
D.
van Leeuwenhoek germ theory
E.
Hooke cell theory
Question #24
Which of the following statements is true?
A.
Algae are parasites.
B.
Protozoa have rigid cell walls.
C.
Bacteria cannot move.
D.
Fungi are plants.
E.
Viruses cannot reproduce outside a host cell.
Question #25
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
A.
Penicillin antibiotic
B.
Normal microbiota harmful
C.
Pathogen disease causing
D.
Vaccine a preparation of microorganisms
E.
Chemotherapy treatment of disease
Question #26
A multicellular organism that has chitin cell walls and absorbs organic material is a(n)
A.
Alga.
B.
Helminth.
C.
Virus.
D.
Fungus.
E.
Bacterium.
Question #27
Archaea differ from bacteria in that archaea
A.
Are prokaryotic.
B.
Lack peptidoglycan.
C.
Use organic compounds for food.
D.
Reproduce by binary fission.
E.
Lack nuclei.
Question #28
Which of the following statements is false?
A.
All fungi have nuclear membranes.
B.
All viruses are parasites
C.
All protozoa are unicellular.
D.
All bacteria lack nuclear membranes.
E.
All fungi are multicellular.
Question #29
Semmelweis advocated handwashing as a method of preventing which of the following diseases?
A.
syphilis
B.
puerperal fever
C.
anthrax
D.
cholera
E.
smallpox
Question #30
Which of the following scientists was the first to develop a taxonomic system for classifying organisms?
A.
Lister
B.
Needham
C.
Pasteur
D.
Linnaeus
E.
Leeuwenhoek
Question #31
Who discovered penicillin?
A.
Pasteur
B.
Fleming
C.
Domagk
D.
Kitasato
E.
Ehrlich
Question #32
Which of the following chemical substances contributes to the unique characteristics of acid-fast bacteria?
A.
lipoteichoic acid
B.
N-acetylglucosamine
C.
peptidoglycan
D.
endotoxin
E.
mycolic acid
Question #33
Bergey's Manual contains
A.
rules for naming new bacterial species.
B.
classification schemes for prokaryotes
C.
recipes for bacterial growth media.
D.
treatments for bacterial diseases.
E.
genetic sequences of prokaryotes
Question #34
Cocci can be spherical as well as kidney-shaped.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #35
Christian Gram devised a staining technique that divides all bacteria into two groups.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #36
Koch's postulates can be used to prove the causes of infectious diseases.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #37
Prokaryotic chromosomes are generally linear.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #38
Ribosomal RNAs can be used to study phylogenetic relationships between organisms.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #39
Teichoic acids are commonly found in gram-negative cell walls.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #40
Most microorganisms are pathogenic.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #41
Ribosomes function primarily in energy production.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #42
A differential stain is called "differential" because it does not stain all kinds of cells the same
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #43
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
A.
Koch aseptic surgery
B.
Jenner vaccination
C.
Ehrlich chemotherapy
D.
Pasteur proof of biogenesis
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