Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Fall 2020 » Exam 1
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Question #1
Which statement is generally NOT true?
A.
Viruses are living entity ouside the host body
B.
Microbial cells exclude the cells of plants and animals.
C.
Microbial cells carry out their life processes of growth independently.
D.
Microbial cells exist as single cells.
Question #2
The theory of spontaneous generation was refuted by the work of
A.
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek.
B.
Robert Koch.
C.
Robert Hooke.
D.
Louis Pasteur.
Question #3
A Pasteur flask has a(n)
A.
inverted upper edge to prevent spillage while swirling.
B.
swan neck to prevent particulate matter from getting into the main body of the flask
C.
double neck so two substances may be added at the same time.
D.
secondary opening at the base to allow for drainage.
Question #4
A pure culture
A.
is made of a clearly defined chemical medium.
B.
is a population of identical cells.
C.
is sterile.
D.
was cultured for a certified stock culture.
Question #5
Prokaryotes are made up of which two groups?
A.
Bacteria and fungi
B.
Archaea and fungi
C.
protozoa and animals
D.
Bacteria andArchaea
Question #6
The Gram stain differentiates bacterial cells into gram positive and gram negative based on differences in the
A.
cell wall structure.
B.
genomic content.
C.
presence of a plasmid.
D.
cell's metabolic capabilities.
Question #7
Organisms most likely to be found in extreme environments are
A.
Archaea.
B.
fungi.
C.
viruses.
D.
Bacteria.
Question #8
When the oil-immersion lens is used,
A.
objects are held in place on the microscope slide.
B.
light rays are collected to increase clarity
C.
magnification of objects is increased by about tenfold.
D.
light rays are scattered so unnecessary background material is not seen.
Question #9
The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) layer is found ONLY in the cell wall of
A.
gram-positiveBacteria.
B.
Archaea.
C.
Eukarya.
D.
gram-negative Bacteria.
Question #10
An endotoxin is
A.
the toxic portion of the LPS.
B.
a toxin produced within archaeal cells.
C.
a toxin known for its primary attack on the epidermis of mammals.
D.
the toxin produced in the periplasm of most bacteria.
Question #11
What is the biological function of endospores?
A.
They are formed as evaginations of the bacterial cell walls.
B.
They are bacterial reproductive structures.
C.
They enable organisms to endure extremes of temperature, drying, and nutrient depletion.
D.
All of the above are endospore functions.
Question #12
When does endospore formation commence?
A.
when the bacterium is undergoing binary fission
B.
when bacteria are dividing exponentially
C.
following bacterial death
D.
when bacterial growth ceases due to limitation of an essential nutrient
Question #13
A bacterial species differs from a species of eukaryotic organisms in that a bacterial species
A.
Breeds with its own species
B.
Can be distinguished from other bacterial species.
C.
Does not breed with other species.
D.
Has a limited geographical distribution.
E.
Is a population of cells with similar characteristics.
Question #14
Biochemical tests are used to determine
A.
Amino acid sequences.
B.
Staining characteristics.
C.
Nucleic acid-base composition.
D.
Enzymatic activities.
E.
All of the above.
Question #15
The phylogenetic classification of bacteria is based on
A.
rRNA sequences.
B.
Cell morphology.
C.
Habitat.
D.
Diseases.
E.
Gram reaction.
Question #16
In the scientific name Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter is the
A.
Kingdom.
B.
C.
Order.
D.
Specific epithet.
E.
Genus.
F.
Family.
Question #17
Serological testing is based on the fact that
A.
All bacteria have the same antigens.
B.
Antibodies react specifically with an antigen.
C.
Bacteria clump together when mixed with any antibodies.
D.
Antibodies cause the formation of antigens.
E.
The human body makes antibodies against bacteria.
Question #18
Phage typing is based on the fact that
A.
Viruses cause disease.
B.
Phages and bacteria are related.
C.
Bacteria are destroyed by viruses.
D.
Bacterial viruses attack specific cells.
E.
Staphylococcus causes infections
Question #19
Nucleic acid hybridization is based on the fact that
A.
A chromosome is composed of complementary strands.
B.
DNA is composed of genes.
C.
Pairing between complementary bases occurs.
D.
The strands of DNA can be separated.
E.
All cells have DNA.
Question #20
A clone is
A.
Genetically identical cells derived from a single cell.
B.
A taxon composed of species.
C.
A mound of cells on an agar medium.
D.
A genetically engineered cell.
E.
None of the above.
Question #21
Which of the following is NOT a domain in the three-domain system?
A.
Animalia
B.
Archaea
C.
Eukarya
D.
Bacteria
Question #22
Who was the first to observe microorganisms with a microscope?
A.
Hooke
B.
Pasteur
C.
Weizmann
D.
van Leeuwenhoek
E.
Koch
Question #23
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
A.
Pasteur fermentation
B.
Lister aseptic surgery
C.
Jenner vaccines
D.
van Leeuwenhoek germ theory
E.
Hooke cell theory
Question #24
Which of the following statements is true?
A.
Viruses cannot reproduce outside a host cell.
B.
Protozoa have rigid cell walls.
C.
Fungi are plants.
D.
Bacteria cannot move.
E.
Algae are parasites.
Question #25
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
A.
Pathogen disease causing
B.
Vaccine a preparation of microorganisms
C.
Chemotherapy treatment of disease
D.
Penicillin antibiotic
E.
Normal microbiota harmful
Question #26
A multicellular organism that has chitin cell walls and absorbs organic material is a(n)
A.
Virus.
B.
Alga.
C.
Fungus.
D.
Bacterium.
E.
Helminth.
Question #27
Archaea differ from bacteria in that archaea
A.
Are prokaryotic.
B.
Use organic compounds for food.
C.
Lack nuclei.
D.
Reproduce by binary fission.
E.
Lack peptidoglycan.
Question #28
Which of the following statements is false?
A.
All bacteria lack nuclear membranes.
B.
All viruses are parasites
C.
All protozoa are unicellular.
D.
All fungi are multicellular.
E.
All fungi have nuclear membranes.
Question #29
Semmelweis advocated handwashing as a method of preventing which of the following diseases?
A.
cholera
B.
smallpox
C.
syphilis
D.
anthrax
E.
puerperal fever
Question #30
Which of the following scientists was the first to develop a taxonomic system for classifying organisms?
A.
Pasteur
B.
Needham
C.
Leeuwenhoek
D.
Linnaeus
E.
Lister
Question #31
Who discovered penicillin?
A.
Domagk
B.
Pasteur
C.
Kitasato
D.
Fleming
E.
Ehrlich
Question #32
Which of the following chemical substances contributes to the unique characteristics of acid-fast bacteria?
A.
mycolic acid
B.
lipoteichoic acid
C.
endotoxin
D.
N-acetylglucosamine
E.
peptidoglycan
Question #33
Bergey's Manual contains
A.
classification schemes for prokaryotes
B.
genetic sequences of prokaryotes
C.
recipes for bacterial growth media.
D.
rules for naming new bacterial species.
E.
treatments for bacterial diseases.
Question #34
Cocci can be spherical as well as kidney-shaped.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #35
Christian Gram devised a staining technique that divides all bacteria into two groups.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #36
Koch's postulates can be used to prove the causes of infectious diseases.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #37
Prokaryotic chromosomes are generally linear.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #38
Ribosomal RNAs can be used to study phylogenetic relationships between organisms.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #39
Teichoic acids are commonly found in gram-negative cell walls.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #40
Most microorganisms are pathogenic.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #41
Ribosomes function primarily in energy production.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #42
A differential stain is called "differential" because it does not stain all kinds of cells the same
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #43
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
A.
Pasteur proof of biogenesis
B.
Koch aseptic surgery
C.
Ehrlich chemotherapy
D.
Jenner vaccination
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