Biology 003 - Introduction to Biology » Fall 2020 » Exam 1

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Question #1
Is a virus considered alive?
A.   Yes, it possesses all of the requirements for life.
B.   No, it does not possess all of the requirements for life.
C.   Yes, it possesses enough of the requirements for life to be considered living.
D.   No, it does not possess any of the requirements for life.
Question #2
What is the smallest unit of life?
A.   A molecule
B.   A cell
C.   An organism
D.   An atom
Question #3
If you were to combine all of the ecosystems on the planet, you would obtain the ________.
A.   ionosphere
B.   biosphere
C.   troposphere
D.   envirosphere
Question #4
Which of the following is the correct organizational hierarchy, from largest to smallest, in the hierarchical order of life? (Some levels have been omitted, so you are looking for the correct order.)
A.   Ecosystem → Population → Community → Organ system → Organ → Cell → Molecule → Atom
B.   Community → Ecosystem → Population → Tissue → Organ → Cell → Organelle → Atom
C.   Ecosystem → Community → Population → Organ → Tissue → Cell → Molecule → Atom
D.   Biosphere → Community → Population → Tissue → Organ → Cell → Atom → Molecule
Question #5
What is the main difference between an ecosystem and a community?
A.   A community consists of nonliving components, while an ecosystem consists of living organisms
B.   A community consists of living organisms only, while an ecosystem consists of both living organisms and their nonliving environment
C.   A community and an ecosystem are the same thing in eology
D.   A community consists of both living organisms and their nonliving environment, while an ecosystem consists of nonliving components only
Question #6
What is the core theme that unifies all of biology?
A.   The theory of evolution by natural selection
B.   The flow of information from DNA to proteins
C.   The transformation of energy and matter
D.   The relationship between structure and function
Question #7
What is typically the first step in the scientific method?
A.   Carrying out an experiment
B.   Developing a hypothesis
C.   Making an observation
D.   Making a prediction
Question #8
What does the term theory mean to a scientist?
A.   A hypothesis that has been supported by the evidence of one experiment
B.   A guess
C.   A proposed explanation for an observed phenomenon
D.   A hypothesis that has been supported by a large number of experiments
Question #9
Hypotheses must be ________.
A.   falsifiable
B.   testable
C.   repeatable
D.   All of the above are important characteristics of hypotheses.
Question #10
Many medical studies include a control group in which patients receive a medically ineffective treatment that resembles the treatment tested. What do we call the ineffective treatment?
A.   The dependent variable
B.   The hypothesis
C.   The controlled experiment
D.   The placebo
Question #11
Many medical studies show that patients who receive a treatment feel better even if the treatment was an ineffective sugar pill. What is this phenomenon called?
A.   The control group
B.   The blind effect
C.   The placebo effect
D.   The fake effect
Question #12
  
A.   We are shown only one tee-shirt becoming whiter in each detergent, not 20 tee-shirts in each detergent.
B.   We do not know if everything besides the detergents was the same (machine used, type of stains, etc.).
C.   We do not know whether the same amount of each detergent was used for washing.
D.   All of the above are aspects that are misleading.
Question #13
The chemical name for table salt is sodium chloride, or simply NaCl. What type of chemical is NaCl?
A.   An element
B.   A compound
C.   An ion
D.   A molecule
Question #14
During a chemical reaction, atoms are ________.
A.   created
B.   destroyed
C.   rearranged
D.   destroyed and created
Question #15
What is a trace element?
A.   An element that is very common in nature
B.   An element that is required in miniscule amounts for life
C.   An element that is used to identify the location of other elements
D.   An element that is evenly distributed on the planet
Question #16
What is the most common element in your body?
A.   Sugar
B.   Water
C.   Carbon
D.   Oxygen
Question #17
Which is not one of the four atoms that make up the bulk of living organisms?
A.   Carbon
B.   Calcium
C.   Oxygen
D.   Nitrogen
Question #18
In an atom, the number of neutrons determines most specifically the ________.
A.   ion state
B.   isotope
C.   chemical element
D.   chemical properties
Question #19
Individual water molecules are held to one another by relatively weak ________ bonds.
A.   hydrogen
B.   covalent
C.   nonpolar
D.   ionic
Question #20
Something with a pH of 5 would be ________.
A.   neutral
B.   acidic
C.   alkaline
D.   basic
Question #21
Which of the following accurately describes the pH scale?
A.   The pH scale runs from 0 (most basic) to 14 (most acidic), with 7 as a neutral.
B.   The pH scale runs from 0 (neutral) to 14 (most acidic), with 7 as an average acidity level.
C.   The pH scale runs from 0 (most acidic) to 14 (most basic), with 7 as a neutral.
D.   The pH scale runs from 0 (most acidic) to 14 (neutral), with 7 as an average acidity level.
Question #22
Organic compounds are distinguished by molecules that contain ________ bonded to other elements.
A.   hydrogen
B.   oxygen
C.   carbon
D.   nitrogen
Question #23
What are the four classes of large organic molecules important to life on Earth?
A.   Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and sugars
B.   Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids
C.   Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and enzymes
D.   Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and sugars
Question #24
Which of the following large organic molecules include table sugar?
A.   Lipids
B.   Nucleic acids
C.   Proteins
D.   Carbohydrates
Question #25
What are the monomers of proteins?
A.   Nucleic acids
B.   Amino acids
C.   Fatty acids
D.   Glucose
Question #26
What do we call the sum total of all the chemical reactions that take place in your body?
A.   Catabolism
B.   Embolism
C.   Anabolism
D.   Metabolism
Question #27
Which of the following represents a simple sugar (also called a monosaccharide)?
A.   Sucrose (table sugar)
B.   Cellulose
C.   Glucose
D.   Lactose
Question #28
________ is the polysaccharide most commonly found in highly fibrous foods such as celery.
A.   Glycogen
B.   Starch
C.   Cellulose
D.   Chitin
Question #29
What is the basic structure of a triglyceride?
A.   A linear chain of fatty acids
B.   A glycerol head and three fatty acid tails
C.   A chain of fatty acid tails
D.   A branched chain of fatty acids
Question #30
Which of the following dietary fats is considered to be the least healthy?
A.   Saturated fat
B.   Cholesterol
C.   Trans unsaturated fat
D.   All dietary fats are unhealthy
Question #31
A polypeptide is ________.
A.   a long chain of amino acids
B.   a long chain of glucose
C.   a long chain of fatty acids
D.   a long chain of nucleic acids
Question #32
Identify the prokaryotic organism from the list below.
A.   Fungus
B.   Bacteria
C.   Protist
D.   Animal
Question #33
Which cellular structure is unique to plant cells?
A.   Chloroplasts
B.   Plasma membrane
C.   Mitochondria
D.   Ribosome
Question #34
Which cellular structure is unique to animal cells?
A.   Mitochondria
B.   Nucleus
C.   Ribosomes
D.   Lysosome
Question #35
Eukaryotes are ________.
A.   often made of prokaryotic cells
B.   often multicellular, sometimes unicellular
C.   always multicellular
D.   always unicellular
Question #36
If you were looking at a cell under a powerful microscope, what would tell you that it is a eukaryotic cell?
A.   It is moving.
B.   It has DNA.
C.   It has a nucleus.
D.   It has ribosomes.
Question #37
  
A.   Golgi apparatus
B.   Chloroplast
C.   Ribosome
D.   Lysosome
Question #38
If a cell had a damaged central vacuole, it would have difficulty performing what function?
A.   Assembling lipids
B.   Storing water
C.   Converting food energy into cellular energy
D.   Converting light energy into food molecules
Question #39
Select the cellular structure that can be found in both plant and animal cells.
A.   Mitochondria
B.   Vacuole
C.   Cell wall
D.   Chloroplast
Question #40
Which structure selectively regulates the transport of substances into and out of a plant cell?
A.   The chloroplast
B.   The cell wall
C.   The plasma membrane
D.   The nucleus
Question #41
Which of the following cells contain a plasma membrane?
A.   Animal cells, plant cells, and bacterial cells
B.   Bacterial cells only
C.   Animal cells only
D.   Animal cells and plant cells only
Question #42
The passive transport of water is specifically called ________.
A.   facilitated diffusion
B.   osmosis
C.   simple diffusion
D.   hydrosmosis
Question #43
What is the definition of endocytosis?
A.   The transport of large molecules out of the cell.
B.   The entire plasma membrane turns itself inside out.
C.   The transport of large molecules into the cell.
D.   The digestion of larger molecules that were brought into the cell.
Question #44
What passes through the nuclear pores?
A.   DNA
B.   Neither DNA nor RNA
C.   DNA and RNA
D.   RNA
Question #45
How is DNA linked to the production of proteins?
A.   DNA is not linked to the production of proteins.
B.   Proteins hold the instructions on how to make DNA.
C.   DNA is the end point of protein production that allows cells to finish making proteins.
D.   DNA holds the instructions for the cells on how to make proteins.

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