Biology 003 - Introduction to Biology » Fall 2020 » Exam 1

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Question #1
Is a virus considered alive?
A.   Yes, it possesses enough of the requirements for life to be considered living.
B.   No, it does not possess any of the requirements for life.
C.   Yes, it possesses all of the requirements for life.
D.   No, it does not possess all of the requirements for life.
Question #2
What is the smallest unit of life?
A.   An organism
B.   A cell
C.   An atom
D.   A molecule
Question #3
If you were to combine all of the ecosystems on the planet, you would obtain the ________.
A.   biosphere
B.   envirosphere
C.   troposphere
D.   ionosphere
Question #4
Which of the following is the correct organizational hierarchy, from largest to smallest, in the hierarchical order of life? (Some levels have been omitted, so you are looking for the correct order.)
A.   Community → Ecosystem → Population → Tissue → Organ → Cell → Organelle → Atom
B.   Ecosystem → Population → Community → Organ system → Organ → Cell → Molecule → Atom
C.   Biosphere → Community → Population → Tissue → Organ → Cell → Atom → Molecule
D.   Ecosystem → Community → Population → Organ → Tissue → Cell → Molecule → Atom
Question #5
What is the main difference between an ecosystem and a community?
A.   A community consists of living organisms only, while an ecosystem consists of both living organisms and their nonliving environment
B.   A community consists of both living organisms and their nonliving environment, while an ecosystem consists of nonliving components only
C.   A community and an ecosystem are the same thing in eology
D.   A community consists of nonliving components, while an ecosystem consists of living organisms
Question #6
What is the core theme that unifies all of biology?
A.   The relationship between structure and function
B.   The theory of evolution by natural selection
C.   The flow of information from DNA to proteins
D.   The transformation of energy and matter
Question #7
What is typically the first step in the scientific method?
A.   Carrying out an experiment
B.   Making an observation
C.   Developing a hypothesis
D.   Making a prediction
Question #8
What does the term theory mean to a scientist?
A.   A hypothesis that has been supported by the evidence of one experiment
B.   A hypothesis that has been supported by a large number of experiments
C.   A proposed explanation for an observed phenomenon
D.   A guess
Question #9
Hypotheses must be ________.
A.   falsifiable
B.   repeatable
C.   testable
D.   All of the above are important characteristics of hypotheses.
Question #10
Many medical studies include a control group in which patients receive a medically ineffective treatment that resembles the treatment tested. What do we call the ineffective treatment?
A.   The hypothesis
B.   The dependent variable
C.   The placebo
D.   The controlled experiment
Question #11
Many medical studies show that patients who receive a treatment feel better even if the treatment was an ineffective sugar pill. What is this phenomenon called?
A.   The blind effect
B.   The fake effect
C.   The placebo effect
D.   The control group
Question #12
What is misleading about commercials that show "scientific proof" that laundry detergent X is better than another leading brand?
A.   We do not know whether the same amount of each detergent was used for washing.
B.   We are shown only one tee-shirt becoming whiter in each detergent, not 20 tee-shirts in each detergent.
C.   We do not know if everything besides the detergents was the same (machine used, type of stains, etc.).
D.   All of the above are aspects that are misleading.
Question #13
The chemical name for table salt is sodium chloride, or simply NaCl. What type of chemical is NaCl?
A.   A molecule
B.   An ion
C.   An element
D.   A compound
Question #14
During a chemical reaction, atoms are ________.
A.   destroyed and created
B.   destroyed
C.   rearranged
D.   created
Question #15
What is a trace element?
A.   An element that is very common in nature
B.   An element that is evenly distributed on the planet
C.   An element that is required in miniscule amounts for life
D.   An element that is used to identify the location of other elements
Question #16
What is the most common element in your body?
A.   Water
B.   Sugar
C.   Oxygen
D.   Carbon
Question #17
Which is not one of the four atoms that make up the bulk of living organisms?
A.   Calcium
B.   Carbon
C.   Nitrogen
D.   Oxygen
Question #18
In an atom, the number of neutrons determines most specifically the ________.
A.   chemical element
B.   isotope
C.   chemical properties
D.   ion state
Question #19
Individual water molecules are held to one another by relatively weak ________ bonds.
A.   nonpolar
B.   hydrogen
C.   covalent
D.   ionic
Question #20
Something with a pH of 5 would be ________.
A.   basic
B.   neutral
C.   acidic
D.   alkaline
Question #21
Which of the following accurately describes the pH scale?
A.   The pH scale runs from 0 (most acidic) to 14 (neutral), with 7 as an average acidity level.
B.   The pH scale runs from 0 (most acidic) to 14 (most basic), with 7 as a neutral.
C.   The pH scale runs from 0 (neutral) to 14 (most acidic), with 7 as an average acidity level.
D.   The pH scale runs from 0 (most basic) to 14 (most acidic), with 7 as a neutral.
Question #22
Organic compounds are distinguished by molecules that contain ________ bonded to other elements.
A.   carbon
B.   nitrogen
C.   hydrogen
D.   oxygen
Question #23
What are the four classes of large organic molecules important to life on Earth?
A.   Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and enzymes
B.   Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and sugars
C.   Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and sugars
D.   Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids
Question #24
Which of the following large organic molecules include table sugar?
A.   Nucleic acids
B.   Proteins
C.   Lipids
D.   Carbohydrates
Question #25
What are the monomers of proteins?
A.   Nucleic acids
B.   Amino acids
C.   Glucose
D.   Fatty acids
Question #26
What do we call the sum total of all the chemical reactions that take place in your body?
A.   Catabolism
B.   Embolism
C.   Metabolism
D.   Anabolism
Question #27
Which of the following represents a simple sugar (also called a monosaccharide)?
A.   Lactose
B.   Cellulose
C.   Sucrose (table sugar)
D.   Glucose
Question #28
________ is the polysaccharide most commonly found in highly fibrous foods such as celery.
A.   Starch
B.   Glycogen
C.   Chitin
D.   Cellulose
Question #29
What is the basic structure of a triglyceride?
A.   A linear chain of fatty acids
B.   A branched chain of fatty acids
C.   A glycerol head and three fatty acid tails
D.   A chain of fatty acid tails
Question #30
Which of the following dietary fats is considered to be the least healthy?
A.   Trans unsaturated fat
B.   All dietary fats are unhealthy
C.   Cholesterol
D.   Saturated fat
Question #31
A polypeptide is ________.
A.   a long chain of amino acids
B.   a long chain of fatty acids
C.   a long chain of nucleic acids
D.   a long chain of glucose
Question #32
Identify the prokaryotic organism from the list below.
A.   Fungus
B.   Bacteria
C.   Protist
D.   Animal
Question #33
Which cellular structure is unique to plant cells?
A.   Plasma membrane
B.   Ribosome
C.   Chloroplasts
D.   Mitochondria
Question #34
Which cellular structure is unique to animal cells?
A.   Nucleus
B.   Lysosome
C.   Mitochondria
D.   Ribosomes
Question #35
Eukaryotes are ________.
A.   always multicellular
B.   often made of prokaryotic cells
C.   always unicellular
D.   often multicellular, sometimes unicellular
Question #36
If you were looking at a cell under a powerful microscope, what would tell you that it is a eukaryotic cell?
A.   It has DNA.
B.   It has a nucleus.
C.   It is moving.
D.   It has ribosomes.
Question #37
  
A.   Chloroplast
B.   Ribosome
C.   Lysosome
D.   Golgi apparatus
Question #38
If a cell had a damaged central vacuole, it would have difficulty performing what function?
A.   Assembling lipids
B.   Converting light energy into food molecules
C.   Converting food energy into cellular energy
D.   Storing water
Question #39
Select the cellular structure that can be found in both plant and animal cells.
A.   Cell wall
B.   Mitochondria
C.   Chloroplast
D.   Vacuole
Question #40
Which structure selectively regulates the transport of substances into and out of a plant cell?
A.   The plasma membrane
B.   The chloroplast
C.   The nucleus
D.   The cell wall
Question #41
Which of the following cells contain a plasma membrane?
A.   Animal cells, plant cells, and bacterial cells
B.   Bacterial cells only
C.   Animal cells only
D.   Animal cells and plant cells only
Question #42
The passive transport of water is specifically called ________.
A.   facilitated diffusion
B.   osmosis
C.   hydrosmosis
D.   simple diffusion
Question #43
What is the definition of endocytosis?
A.   The entire plasma membrane turns itself inside out.
B.   The transport of large molecules into the cell.
C.   The digestion of larger molecules that were brought into the cell.
D.   The transport of large molecules out of the cell.
Question #44
What passes through the nuclear pores?
A.   DNA
B.   Neither DNA nor RNA
C.   DNA and RNA
D.   RNA
Question #45
How is DNA linked to the production of proteins?
A.   DNA holds the instructions for the cells on how to make proteins.
B.   DNA is not linked to the production of proteins.
C.   Proteins hold the instructions on how to make DNA.
D.   DNA is the end point of protein production that allows cells to finish making proteins.

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