A.   low body temperature and sleeping with too few covers.

B.   a chemical imbalance that prevents the baby from properly absorbing oxygen.

C.   a collapse of the airway when the baby sleeps on his or her back.

D.   impaired brain functioning.

A.   drowsiness

B.   NREM sleep

C.   quiet alertness

D.   REM sleep

A.   pure tones; noise

B.   pure tones; voices

C.   complex sounds; pure tones

D.   pure tones; complex sounds

A.   Maternal cigarette smoking

B.   Failing to tightly swaddle an infant during sleep

C.   Placing an infant to sleep on his back

D.   Using a pacifier

A.   the fetus can survive if born prematurely.

B.   the fetus can suck its thumb.

C.   most of the brain's neurons are in place.

D.   vernix covers the skin of the fetus.

A.   slight decreases in prolactin.

B.   moderate decreases in estrogens.

C.   moderate increases in androgens.

D.   a drop in androgens.

A.   develops into the nervous system and spinal cord.

B.   swells to form the brain.

C.   grows slowly at first.

D.   will become the structures that provide protective covering and nourishment.

A.   sudden infant death syndrome

B.   low birth weight

C.   physical abnormality

D.   malnutrition

A.   is minor.

B.   is permanent.

C.   usually improves by adolescence.

D.   generally disappears by the preschool years.

A.   protects the infant from strong stimulation.

B.   prepares the infant for voluntary grasping.

C.   has survival value.

D.   is sometimes called the "embracing" reflex.

A.   is the size of a period at the end of a sentence.

B.   measures around 1/500 inch.

C.   is the smallest cell in the human body.

D.   bursts from one of two ovaries about once every 7 days.

A.   a layer of fat is added to assist with temperature regulation.

B.   fetal growth doubles.

C.   most fetuses assume an upright position.

D.   viability occurs.

A.   Teratogens have an equal impact on fetal development during each prenatal period.

B.   Any environmental agent that causes damage during the prenatal period is a teratogen.

C.   The harm done by teratogens is simple and straightforward.

A.   helps regulate the fetus's body temperature.

B.   permits food and oxygen to reach the organism.

C.   is a white, downy hair that covers the fetus's entire body.

D.   provides the fetus a cushion against jolts caused by the mother's movements.

A.   Mothers and fathers practicing kangaroo skin-to-skin contact feel more confident about caring for their preterm babies and interact more sensitively and affectionately with them.

B.   Even parents with stable life circumstances and social supports usually cannot overcome the stresses of caring for a preterm infant.

C.   Compared with full-term infants, preterm babies are more often held close, touched, and talked to gently.

D.   Preterm infants who are left in isolettes and are rarely touched gain weight faster and, at the end of the first year, are more advanced in mental and motor development over preterm babies given massage stimulation.

A.   Taste

B.   Pain

C.   Sound

D.   Touch

A.   a spinal block.

B.   general anesthesia.

C.   use of a doula.

D.   epidural analgesia.

A.   a surgical birth.

B.   classes about the anatomy and physiology of labor and delivery.

C.   fetal monitoring and anesthetics.

D.   routine use of strong drugs.

A.   umbilical cord

B.   chorion

C.   yolk sac

D.   placenta