A.   low body temperature and sleeping with too few covers.

B.   a collapse of the airway when the baby sleeps on his or her back.

C.   impaired brain functioning.

D.   a chemical imbalance that prevents the baby from properly absorbing oxygen.

A.   quiet alertness

B.   REM sleep

C.   drowsiness

D.   NREM sleep

A.   complex sounds; pure tones

B.   pure tones; complex sounds

C.   pure tones; noise

D.   pure tones; voices

A.   Placing an infant to sleep on his back

B.   Failing to tightly swaddle an infant during sleep

C.   Using a pacifier

D.   Maternal cigarette smoking

A.   vernix covers the skin of the fetus.

B.   most of the brain's neurons are in place.

C.   the fetus can suck its thumb.

D.   the fetus can survive if born prematurely.

A.   moderate decreases in estrogens.

B.   slight decreases in prolactin.

C.   a drop in androgens.

D.   moderate increases in androgens.

A.   develops into the nervous system and spinal cord.

B.   swells to form the brain.

C.   grows slowly at first.

D.   will become the structures that provide protective covering and nourishment.

A.   sudden infant death syndrome

B.   physical abnormality

C.   malnutrition

D.   low birth weight

A.   usually improves by adolescence.

B.   generally disappears by the preschool years.

C.   is permanent.

D.   is minor.

A.   prepares the infant for voluntary grasping.

B.   has survival value.

C.   is sometimes called the "embracing" reflex.

D.   protects the infant from strong stimulation.

A.   measures around 1/500 inch.

B.   bursts from one of two ovaries about once every 7 days.

C.   is the size of a period at the end of a sentence.

D.   is the smallest cell in the human body.

A.   viability occurs.

B.   a layer of fat is added to assist with temperature regulation.

C.   most fetuses assume an upright position.

D.   fetal growth doubles.

A.   The harm done by teratogens is simple and straightforward.

B.   Any environmental agent that causes damage during the prenatal period is a teratogen.

C.   Teratogens have an equal impact on fetal development during each prenatal period.

A.   provides the fetus a cushion against jolts caused by the mother's movements.

B.   helps regulate the fetus's body temperature.

C.   permits food and oxygen to reach the organism.

D.   is a white, downy hair that covers the fetus's entire body.

A.   Mothers and fathers practicing kangaroo skin-to-skin contact feel more confident about caring for their preterm babies and interact more sensitively and affectionately with them.

B.   Preterm infants who are left in isolettes and are rarely touched gain weight faster and, at the end of the first year, are more advanced in mental and motor development over preterm babies given massage stimulation.

C.   Compared with full-term infants, preterm babies are more often held close, touched, and talked to gently.

D.   Even parents with stable life circumstances and social supports usually cannot overcome the stresses of caring for a preterm infant.

A.   Pain

B.   Taste

C.   Sound

D.   Touch

A.   epidural analgesia.

B.   use of a doula.

C.   a spinal block.

D.   general anesthesia.

A.   routine use of strong drugs.

B.   fetal monitoring and anesthetics.

C.   classes about the anatomy and physiology of labor and delivery.

D.   a surgical birth.

A.   yolk sac

B.   placenta

C.   umbilical cord

D.   chorion