A.   a chemical imbalance that prevents the baby from properly absorbing oxygen.

B.   a collapse of the airway when the baby sleeps on his or her back.

C.   impaired brain functioning.

D.   low body temperature and sleeping with too few covers.

A.   drowsiness

B.   quiet alertness

C.   NREM sleep

D.   REM sleep

A.   complex sounds; pure tones

B.   pure tones; complex sounds

C.   pure tones; noise

D.   pure tones; voices

A.   Placing an infant to sleep on his back

B.   Failing to tightly swaddle an infant during sleep

C.   Using a pacifier

D.   Maternal cigarette smoking

A.   the fetus can survive if born prematurely.

B.   most of the brain's neurons are in place.

C.   vernix covers the skin of the fetus.

D.   the fetus can suck its thumb.

A.   moderate increases in androgens.

B.   slight decreases in prolactin.

C.   a drop in androgens.

D.   moderate decreases in estrogens.

A.   will become the structures that provide protective covering and nourishment.

B.   swells to form the brain.

C.   develops into the nervous system and spinal cord.

D.   grows slowly at first.

A.   malnutrition

B.   physical abnormality

C.   sudden infant death syndrome

D.   low birth weight

A.   usually improves by adolescence.

B.   generally disappears by the preschool years.

C.   is minor.

D.   is permanent.

A.   prepares the infant for voluntary grasping.

B.   protects the infant from strong stimulation.

C.   is sometimes called the "embracing" reflex.

D.   has survival value.

A.   bursts from one of two ovaries about once every 7 days.

B.   measures around 1/500 inch.

C.   is the size of a period at the end of a sentence.

D.   is the smallest cell in the human body.

A.   fetal growth doubles.

B.   a layer of fat is added to assist with temperature regulation.

C.   viability occurs.

D.   most fetuses assume an upright position.

A.   The harm done by teratogens is simple and straightforward.

B.   Any environmental agent that causes damage during the prenatal period is a teratogen.

C.   Teratogens have an equal impact on fetal development during each prenatal period.

A.   provides the fetus a cushion against jolts caused by the mother's movements.

B.   is a white, downy hair that covers the fetus's entire body.

C.   helps regulate the fetus's body temperature.

D.   permits food and oxygen to reach the organism.

A.   Preterm infants who are left in isolettes and are rarely touched gain weight faster and, at the end of the first year, are more advanced in mental and motor development over preterm babies given massage stimulation.

B.   Compared with full-term infants, preterm babies are more often held close, touched, and talked to gently.

C.   Even parents with stable life circumstances and social supports usually cannot overcome the stresses of caring for a preterm infant.

D.   Mothers and fathers practicing kangaroo skin-to-skin contact feel more confident about caring for their preterm babies and interact more sensitively and affectionately with them.

A.   Sound

B.   Taste

C.   Touch

D.   Pain

A.   a spinal block.

B.   general anesthesia.

C.   epidural analgesia.

D.   use of a doula.

A.   classes about the anatomy and physiology of labor and delivery.

B.   fetal monitoring and anesthetics.

C.   a surgical birth.

D.   routine use of strong drugs.

A.   yolk sac

B.   placenta

C.   umbilical cord

D.   chorion