A.   a chemical imbalance that prevents the baby from properly absorbing oxygen.

B.   a collapse of the airway when the baby sleeps on his or her back.

C.   low body temperature and sleeping with too few covers.

D.   impaired brain functioning.

A.   REM sleep

B.   quiet alertness

C.   drowsiness

D.   NREM sleep

A.   pure tones; noise

B.   pure tones; complex sounds

C.   complex sounds; pure tones

D.   pure tones; voices

A.   Failing to tightly swaddle an infant during sleep

B.   Maternal cigarette smoking

C.   Using a pacifier

D.   Placing an infant to sleep on his back

A.   the fetus can survive if born prematurely.

B.   vernix covers the skin of the fetus.

C.   most of the brain's neurons are in place.

D.   the fetus can suck its thumb.

A.   a drop in androgens.

B.   moderate decreases in estrogens.

C.   moderate increases in androgens.

D.   slight decreases in prolactin.

A.   swells to form the brain.

B.   grows slowly at first.

C.   will become the structures that provide protective covering and nourishment.

D.   develops into the nervous system and spinal cord.

A.   physical abnormality

B.   low birth weight

C.   malnutrition

D.   sudden infant death syndrome

A.   usually improves by adolescence.

B.   is permanent.

C.   is minor.

D.   generally disappears by the preschool years.

A.   has survival value.

B.   protects the infant from strong stimulation.

C.   is sometimes called the "embracing" reflex.

D.   prepares the infant for voluntary grasping.

A.   bursts from one of two ovaries about once every 7 days.

B.   is the size of a period at the end of a sentence.

C.   is the smallest cell in the human body.

D.   measures around 1/500 inch.

A.   a layer of fat is added to assist with temperature regulation.

B.   most fetuses assume an upright position.

C.   viability occurs.

D.   fetal growth doubles.

A.   Teratogens have an equal impact on fetal development during each prenatal period.

B.   Any environmental agent that causes damage during the prenatal period is a teratogen.

C.   The harm done by teratogens is simple and straightforward.

A.   provides the fetus a cushion against jolts caused by the mother's movements.

B.   helps regulate the fetus's body temperature.

C.   is a white, downy hair that covers the fetus's entire body.

D.   permits food and oxygen to reach the organism.

A.   Mothers and fathers practicing kangaroo skin-to-skin contact feel more confident about caring for their preterm babies and interact more sensitively and affectionately with them.

B.   Even parents with stable life circumstances and social supports usually cannot overcome the stresses of caring for a preterm infant.

C.   Preterm infants who are left in isolettes and are rarely touched gain weight faster and, at the end of the first year, are more advanced in mental and motor development over preterm babies given massage stimulation.

D.   Compared with full-term infants, preterm babies are more often held close, touched, and talked to gently.

A.   Taste

B.   Touch

C.   Pain

D.   Sound

A.   epidural analgesia.

B.   a spinal block.

C.   general anesthesia.

D.   use of a doula.

A.   classes about the anatomy and physiology of labor and delivery.

B.   routine use of strong drugs.

C.   a surgical birth.

D.   fetal monitoring and anesthetics.

A.   yolk sac

B.   placenta

C.   umbilical cord

D.   chorion