A.   low body temperature and sleeping with too few covers.

B.   a chemical imbalance that prevents the baby from properly absorbing oxygen.

C.   a collapse of the airway when the baby sleeps on his or her back.

D.   impaired brain functioning.

A.   quiet alertness

B.   drowsiness

C.   NREM sleep

D.   REM sleep

A.   pure tones; noise

B.   complex sounds; pure tones

C.   pure tones; complex sounds

D.   pure tones; voices

A.   Maternal cigarette smoking

B.   Using a pacifier

C.   Failing to tightly swaddle an infant during sleep

D.   Placing an infant to sleep on his back

A.   vernix covers the skin of the fetus.

B.   most of the brain's neurons are in place.

C.   the fetus can suck its thumb.

D.   the fetus can survive if born prematurely.

A.   slight decreases in prolactin.

B.   moderate increases in androgens.

C.   moderate decreases in estrogens.

D.   a drop in androgens.

A.   develops into the nervous system and spinal cord.

B.   grows slowly at first.

C.   will become the structures that provide protective covering and nourishment.

D.   swells to form the brain.

A.   malnutrition

B.   physical abnormality

C.   low birth weight

D.   sudden infant death syndrome

A.   is minor.

B.   is permanent.

C.   generally disappears by the preschool years.

D.   usually improves by adolescence.

A.   prepares the infant for voluntary grasping.

B.   protects the infant from strong stimulation.

C.   has survival value.

D.   is sometimes called the "embracing" reflex.

A.   is the size of a period at the end of a sentence.

B.   measures around 1/500 inch.

C.   is the smallest cell in the human body.

D.   bursts from one of two ovaries about once every 7 days.

A.   fetal growth doubles.

B.   most fetuses assume an upright position.

C.   viability occurs.

D.   a layer of fat is added to assist with temperature regulation.

A.   The harm done by teratogens is simple and straightforward.

B.   Any environmental agent that causes damage during the prenatal period is a teratogen.

C.   Teratogens have an equal impact on fetal development during each prenatal period.

A.   provides the fetus a cushion against jolts caused by the mother's movements.

B.   permits food and oxygen to reach the organism.

C.   is a white, downy hair that covers the fetus's entire body.

D.   helps regulate the fetus's body temperature.

A.   Compared with full-term infants, preterm babies are more often held close, touched, and talked to gently.

B.   Mothers and fathers practicing kangaroo skin-to-skin contact feel more confident about caring for their preterm babies and interact more sensitively and affectionately with them.

C.   Preterm infants who are left in isolettes and are rarely touched gain weight faster and, at the end of the first year, are more advanced in mental and motor development over preterm babies given massage stimulation.

D.   Even parents with stable life circumstances and social supports usually cannot overcome the stresses of caring for a preterm infant.

A.   Touch

B.   Sound

C.   Taste

D.   Pain

A.   epidural analgesia.

B.   general anesthesia.

C.   a spinal block.

D.   use of a doula.

A.   classes about the anatomy and physiology of labor and delivery.

B.   routine use of strong drugs.

C.   fetal monitoring and anesthetics.

D.   a surgical birth.

A.   placenta

B.   umbilical cord

C.   chorion

D.   yolk sac