A.   low body temperature and sleeping with too few covers.

B.   a collapse of the airway when the baby sleeps on his or her back.

C.   impaired brain functioning.

D.   a chemical imbalance that prevents the baby from properly absorbing oxygen.

A.   NREM sleep

B.   REM sleep

C.   quiet alertness

D.   drowsiness

A.   pure tones; voices

B.   pure tones; complex sounds

C.   complex sounds; pure tones

D.   pure tones; noise

A.   Failing to tightly swaddle an infant during sleep

B.   Using a pacifier

C.   Maternal cigarette smoking

D.   Placing an infant to sleep on his back

A.   vernix covers the skin of the fetus.

B.   the fetus can suck its thumb.

C.   most of the brain's neurons are in place.

D.   the fetus can survive if born prematurely.

A.   a drop in androgens.

B.   slight decreases in prolactin.

C.   moderate decreases in estrogens.

D.   moderate increases in androgens.

A.   will become the structures that provide protective covering and nourishment.

B.   develops into the nervous system and spinal cord.

C.   swells to form the brain.

D.   grows slowly at first.

A.   malnutrition

B.   sudden infant death syndrome

C.   low birth weight

D.   physical abnormality

A.   is minor.

B.   generally disappears by the preschool years.

C.   is permanent.

D.   usually improves by adolescence.

A.   prepares the infant for voluntary grasping.

B.   protects the infant from strong stimulation.

C.   is sometimes called the "embracing" reflex.

D.   has survival value.

A.   is the smallest cell in the human body.

B.   is the size of a period at the end of a sentence.

C.   measures around 1/500 inch.

D.   bursts from one of two ovaries about once every 7 days.

A.   fetal growth doubles.

B.   viability occurs.

C.   most fetuses assume an upright position.

D.   a layer of fat is added to assist with temperature regulation.

A.   The harm done by teratogens is simple and straightforward.

B.   Teratogens have an equal impact on fetal development during each prenatal period.

C.   Any environmental agent that causes damage during the prenatal period is a teratogen.

A.   is a white, downy hair that covers the fetus's entire body.

B.   provides the fetus a cushion against jolts caused by the mother's movements.

C.   permits food and oxygen to reach the organism.

D.   helps regulate the fetus's body temperature.

A.   Even parents with stable life circumstances and social supports usually cannot overcome the stresses of caring for a preterm infant.

B.   Compared with full-term infants, preterm babies are more often held close, touched, and talked to gently.

C.   Mothers and fathers practicing kangaroo skin-to-skin contact feel more confident about caring for their preterm babies and interact more sensitively and affectionately with them.

D.   Preterm infants who are left in isolettes and are rarely touched gain weight faster and, at the end of the first year, are more advanced in mental and motor development over preterm babies given massage stimulation.

A.   Touch

B.   Taste

C.   Pain

D.   Sound

A.   epidural analgesia.

B.   use of a doula.

C.   general anesthesia.

D.   a spinal block.

A.   a surgical birth.

B.   fetal monitoring and anesthetics.

C.   classes about the anatomy and physiology of labor and delivery.

D.   routine use of strong drugs.

A.   yolk sac

B.   chorion

C.   placenta

D.   umbilical cord