Psychology 041 - Lifespan Psychology » Spring 2019 » Chapter 6 Quiz

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Question #1
If children emerge from the first few years without __________, the seeds are sown for adjustment problems.
A.   sufficient trust in caregivers
B.   a sense of shame
C.   independent toileting habits
D.   sufficient oral stimulation
Question #2
Persistent paternal depression
A.   rarely has a lasting impact on the child, unless it lasts for five or more years.
B.   requires long-term treatment in a facility for a full recovery.
C.   strongly predicts child behavior problems-especially overactivity, defiance, and aggression in boys.
D.   is linked to low levels of the stress hormone cortisol in children.
Question #3
Laughter, which appears around 3 to 4 months,
A.   reflects faster processing of information than smiling.
B.   primarily appears when babies are full or in REM sleep.
C.   only appears when interacting with familiar people.
D.   contributes to less daytime fussiness.
Question #4
__________ increases the chance of sibling conflict.
A.   Low activity level
B.   Lack of parental involvement
C.   Maternal warmth towards both children
D.   Low emotional reactivity
Question #5
Two-year-old Benjamin tells his aunt, "I big! I strong! I a boy." This demonstrates that Benjamin is beginning to develop
A.   self-conscious emotions.
B.   a categorical self.
C.   delay of gratification.
D.   scale errors.
Question #6
The goodness-of-fit model suggests that a good match between __________ and __________ produces favorable conditions.
A.   attachment quality; temperament
B.   a parent's temperament; financial resources
C.   child-rearing conditions; a child's temperament
D.   attachment quality; child-care experiences
Question #7
Observation of which of the following children is the most likely to provide a researcher with the most accurate long-term prediction of temperament?
A.   Ava, age 12 months
B.   Tyson, age 4
C.   Quinn, a newborn
D.   Samantha, age 25 months
Question #8
The NICHD Study of Early Child Care confirms that
A.   infants are not at risk for attachment insecurity due to inadequate child care.
B.   the majority of babies in child care display a resistant attachment to their mothers.
C.   regardless of quality, child care predicts long-term adjustment problems.
D.   parenting quality exerts a more powerful impact on children's adjustment than does exposure to child care.
Question #9
In low-SES families, attachment generally
A.   moves from insecurity to security.
B.   changes from one insecure pattern to another.
C.   remains stable.
D.   becomes more stable over time.
Question #10
__________ have a harder time regulating negative emotion.
A.   Only children
B.   Boys
C.   Twins
D.   Girls
Question #11
When her brother bumps his elbow on the table, 2-year-old Nadia gives it a kiss. Nadia is displaying
A.   empathy.
B.   a categorical self.
C.   social referencing.
D.   emotional self-regulation.
Question #12
Among maltreated infants, __________ attachment is especially high.
A.   unresponsive
B.   disorganized/disoriented
C.   resistant
D.   avoidant
Question #13
The rise in fear after 6 months
A.   keeps newly mobile babies' enthusiasm for exploration in check.
B.   enables infants to overcome obstacles.
C.   prevents babies from displaying stranger anxiety.
D.   gives infants a sense of shame and doubt.
Question #14
In Bowlby's "clear-cut" attachment phase,
A.   babies display separation anxiety.
B.   grasping, smiling, and gazing into the adult's eyes help bring babies into close human contact.
C.   babies do not mind being left with an unfamiliar adult.
D.   infants develop a sense of trust with their caregiver, but do not protest upon separation.
Question #15
Neurobiological research indicates that when faced with novelty, shy children show
A.   greater left than right frontal brain-wave activity.
B.   greater pupil dilation than sociable children.
C.   a lower heart rate than sociable children.
D.   a greater drop in blood pressure than sociable children.
Question #16
Two-year-old Brooke points to a photo of herself and says "Brooke." This demonstrates that she has developed
A.   a categorical self.
B.   self-recognition.
C.   continuity of control.
D.   effortful control.
Question #17
By 4 months, infants
A.   look and smile more at video images of others than at ones of themselves.
B.   cease making scale errors.
C.   become consciously aware of the self's physical features.
D.   identify themselves as physically unique human beings.
Question #18
Aja is a self-confident, secure 2-year-old. According to Erikson's theory, Aja probably has parents who
A.   establish strict rules and respond promptly to misbehavior.
B.   do not criticize or attack her when she fails at a new skill.
C.   do not teach her how to behave in a variety of social situations.
D.   do not immediately respond to or relieve her discomfort.
Question #19
During the Strange Situation, 1-year-old Jack clings to his mother when they are alone in the playroom, and he hits and pushes her when she returns after separation. Jack's behavior is consistent with the __________ attachment pattern.
A.   avoidant
B.   disorganized/disoriented
C.   secure
D.   resistant

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