Psychology 041 - Lifespan Psychology » Spring 2019 » Chapter 6 Quiz

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Question #1
If children emerge from the first few years without __________, the seeds are sown for adjustment problems.
A.   a sense of shame
B.   sufficient oral stimulation
C.   independent toileting habits
D.   sufficient trust in caregivers
Question #2
Persistent paternal depression
A.   requires long-term treatment in a facility for a full recovery.
B.   strongly predicts child behavior problems-especially overactivity, defiance, and aggression in boys.
C.   is linked to low levels of the stress hormone cortisol in children.
D.   rarely has a lasting impact on the child, unless it lasts for five or more years.
Question #3
Laughter, which appears around 3 to 4 months,
A.   only appears when interacting with familiar people.
B.   reflects faster processing of information than smiling.
C.   primarily appears when babies are full or in REM sleep.
D.   contributes to less daytime fussiness.
Question #4
__________ increases the chance of sibling conflict.
A.   Low emotional reactivity
B.   Maternal warmth towards both children
C.   Lack of parental involvement
D.   Low activity level
Question #5
Two-year-old Benjamin tells his aunt, "I big! I strong! I a boy." This demonstrates that Benjamin is beginning to develop
A.   delay of gratification.
B.   scale errors.
C.   a categorical self.
D.   self-conscious emotions.
Question #6
The goodness-of-fit model suggests that a good match between __________ and __________ produces favorable conditions.
A.   child-rearing conditions; a child's temperament
B.   attachment quality; child-care experiences
C.   attachment quality; temperament
D.   a parent's temperament; financial resources
Question #7
Observation of which of the following children is the most likely to provide a researcher with the most accurate long-term prediction of temperament?
A.   Quinn, a newborn
B.   Tyson, age 4
C.   Ava, age 12 months
D.   Samantha, age 25 months
Question #8
The NICHD Study of Early Child Care confirms that
A.   regardless of quality, child care predicts long-term adjustment problems.
B.   parenting quality exerts a more powerful impact on children's adjustment than does exposure to child care.
C.   infants are not at risk for attachment insecurity due to inadequate child care.
D.   the majority of babies in child care display a resistant attachment to their mothers.
Question #9
In low-SES families, attachment generally
A.   changes from one insecure pattern to another.
B.   remains stable.
C.   becomes more stable over time.
D.   moves from insecurity to security.
Question #10
__________ have a harder time regulating negative emotion.
A.   Girls
B.   Only children
C.   Boys
D.   Twins
Question #11
When her brother bumps his elbow on the table, 2-year-old Nadia gives it a kiss. Nadia is displaying
A.   empathy.
B.   emotional self-regulation.
C.   social referencing.
D.   a categorical self.
Question #12
Among maltreated infants, __________ attachment is especially high.
A.   avoidant
B.   unresponsive
C.   resistant
D.   disorganized/disoriented
Question #13
The rise in fear after 6 months
A.   enables infants to overcome obstacles.
B.   keeps newly mobile babies' enthusiasm for exploration in check.
C.   gives infants a sense of shame and doubt.
D.   prevents babies from displaying stranger anxiety.
Question #14
In Bowlby's "clear-cut" attachment phase,
A.   babies display separation anxiety.
B.   infants develop a sense of trust with their caregiver, but do not protest upon separation.
C.   babies do not mind being left with an unfamiliar adult.
D.   grasping, smiling, and gazing into the adult's eyes help bring babies into close human contact.
Question #15
Neurobiological research indicates that when faced with novelty, shy children show
A.   greater pupil dilation than sociable children.
B.   a lower heart rate than sociable children.
C.   greater left than right frontal brain-wave activity.
D.   a greater drop in blood pressure than sociable children.
Question #16
Two-year-old Brooke points to a photo of herself and says "Brooke." This demonstrates that she has developed
A.   a categorical self.
B.   effortful control.
C.   continuity of control.
D.   self-recognition.
Question #17
By 4 months, infants
A.   cease making scale errors.
B.   identify themselves as physically unique human beings.
C.   become consciously aware of the self's physical features.
D.   look and smile more at video images of others than at ones of themselves.
Question #18
Aja is a self-confident, secure 2-year-old. According to Erikson's theory, Aja probably has parents who
A.   do not immediately respond to or relieve her discomfort.
B.   do not criticize or attack her when she fails at a new skill.
C.   do not teach her how to behave in a variety of social situations.
D.   establish strict rules and respond promptly to misbehavior.
Question #19
During the Strange Situation, 1-year-old Jack clings to his mother when they are alone in the playroom, and he hits and pushes her when she returns after separation. Jack's behavior is consistent with the __________ attachment pattern.
A.   avoidant
B.   resistant
C.   secure
D.   disorganized/disoriented

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