Santa Monica College » Anthropology » Anthropology 2 - Cultural Anthropology » Fall 2020

Anthropology 2 - Cultural Anthropology » Fall 2020 » Exam 1

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Question #1

The belief that no culture is superior to any other cultures is called _____________.

A. acculturation

B. enculturation

C. cultural relativism

D. ethnocentrism

Question #2

The statement, “the partial or complete loss of eyesight will result in the organism relying on its other body and/or mental processes to compensate for this loss” is best described as which one of the following?

A. Cultural relativism.

B. A hypothesis.

C. The emperical method.

D. The scientific method.

Question #3

Cultural materialism is an example of _______ perspective on culture.

A. a relativistic

B. an emic

C. an idealist

D. an etic

Question #4

In science, a suggested explanation of any phenomena is called what?

A. an observation

B. a statistic

C. a hypothesis

D. a variable

Question #5

Anthropology added the study of ____________ to the discipline in the early to mid 20th century.

A. undeveloped

B. Caucasians

C. primative peoples

D. peasants

Question #6

___________ is the field of anthropology that investigates past human behavior and cultural patterns through material remains.

A. linguistic anthropology

B. cultural anthropology

C. applied anthropology

D. archeology

Question #7

Which one of the following statements is correct in reference to cultural relativism?

A. Cultural relativism means that there are multiple standards of behavior.

B. Cultural relativism means that there are not cultural universals.

C. Cultural relativism means that anything a particular cutlure believes is ture.

D. Cultural relativism means you cannot compare cultures.

Question #8

The term __________ is used to describe male-centered bias in the study of culture.

A. gender

B. sexuality

C. androcentric

D. gender equality

Question #9

The research practice involving repeated visits to a group or area over time is called what?

A. ethnology

B. genealogy

C. longitudinal research

D. ethnography

Question #10

_______________ is the term used to describe the process of transferring one’s home culture from one generation to the next.

A. Enculturation

B. Symbolism

C. Integration

D. Subculture

Question #11

Any researcher receiving funding from the US federal government must receive IRB approval before doing what?

A. Submitting a research proposal.

B. Beginning a research project involving humans.

C. Speaking publically about their research and research results.

D. Publishing their research results in a peer-reviewed journal.

Question #12

In the narrative process, the principle of ___________ means that there may be several different perspectives in any ethnography that may be valid.

A. applied ethics

B. multiple truths

C. just compensationi

D. narrative justification

Question #13

In the hypothetical culture of the Zadrian, the Zadrians live their lives believing that good things will happen to them in the future. This is an example of _______________.

A. materialism

B. religion

C. delusion

D. idealism

Question #14

Learning our culture customs and belief systems in our home through our parents is called ___________.

A. acculturation

B. diffusion

C. cultural relativism

D. enculturation

Question #15

__________ means that the field of anthropology is concerned with all aspects of the human condition (e.g. biological, physical, cultural).

A. Psychic unity of humankind

B. The comparitive perspective

C. Anthropos

D. Holism

Question #16

The AAA code of ethics ________________________.

A. requires all anthropologists to pay informants when receiving federal funding

B. states that anthropologists should be advocates for the peoples they study

C. is a binding legal document for anthropologists researching, scholarly, and teaching endeavors

D. is a set of guidelines for proper conduct by anthropologist working during fieldwork, in the research laboratory, or in the classroom

Question #17

Human beings are a unique species in having _____________________.

A. sex

B. biological means of adaptation to the natural environment

C. cultural means of adaptation to the natural environment

D. hierarchies of dominance

Question #18

True or false. Symbolic anthropologists generally use the scientific method to interpret the range of similarities to, and differences from, cultural groups.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #19

The so-called “anthropological perspective” is based on which one of the following general criteria?

A. Diffusion & enculturation.

B. Cultural relativism & ethnocentrism.

C. Cross-cultural study & holism.

D. Objectivity & documenting the truth.

Question #20

A _____________ is (usually) a person within the local community who assists a researcher in the collection of data.

A. shaman

B. community leader

C. gatekeeper

D. key informant

Question #21

The development of agriculture in different geographical areas of the world (without contact from other cultural groups) is an example of _______ by different cultural groups.

A. indirect diffusion

B. enculturation

C. independent invention

D. acculturation

Question #22

Generally, _________________ are utilized with the narrative approach, whereas _____________ are used to uncover empirical data.

A. causal relationships; coorelations

B. randomized sampling; generalized sampling

C. quantitative methods; qualitative methods

D. qualitative methods; quantitative methods

Question #23

Amongst their many deities (gods), the Incas believed in the goddess of mother earth, Pachamama. This is an example of __________ form of religion.

A. a nostical

B. a monotheistic

C. an animistic

D. an agnostic

Question #24

One of the main reasons that the overwhelming majority of anthropologists are against working within or for the military is because ___________.

A. of the great potential to cause harm to local peoples

B. of the desire to work in a university and not in the military

C. of the lack of just compensation given to local informants

D. of the lack of support for the Iraq War

Question #25

Asking a farmer in the mountainous region of New Guinea how many hectares she planted last year with coffee is an example of _______________.

A. an informal question

B. a randon sample

C. participant observation

D. a formal question

Question #26

As a direct result of increased summer temperatures, sales of ice cream increase. We call this _________.

A. an inverse relationship

B. a coorelation

C. the empirical method

D. a causal relationship

Question #27

Marvin Harris’ cultural ecological approach emphasized that Hindu prohibition of eating cows is based on _______________.

A. an irrational mystification of cows

B. the religious belief of sacredness of cows

C. the benefits that cows provide to humans in labor and as a source of milk

D. the worship of cows as reincarnated spirits

Question #28

The theoretical perspective of ____________ investigates the linkage of the ecological systems with past societies.

A. functionalism

B. processual archaeology

C. structural-functionalism

D. homeostasis

Question #29

Jazmine decided just this year to major in chemistry. Her personal choice of her major of study in university is best described as _______________.

A. cultural relativism

B. her agency

C. the structure of academia

D. indirect diffusion

Question #30

Jorge conducted research with Guatemala migrants to Southern California in the pueblos where they were born in Guatemala, and their final destinations in cities in the Los Angeles area. This type of research is best described as ______________.

A. multi-sited ethnography

B. longitudinal research

C. reflective ethnogrraphy

D. ethnology

Question #31

Recording the stories of an elderly woman’s love of her home town of New Orleans is an example of _____________.

A. en etic research approach

B. an emic research approach

C. ethnology

D. quantitative methodology

Question #32

The idea of representational authority in the ethnographic writing process refers to which one of the following statements?

A. The idea of truth and falsehood in a given narrative.

B. If the anthropologist or a local person has the right to narrate a story.

C. Anthropologists doing no harm to the peoples they study.

D. The AAA code of ethics anthropologists are bound to.

Question #33

True or false. Scientists have discovered that all animals can store information symbolically.

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #34

When we say culture is not innate, we mean that __________________.

A. culture is learned

B. culture is symbolic

C. we strive for cultural relativism

D. culture is shared

Question #35

Which one of the following is not true of hunter and gathering societies?

A. There are no differences in social class.

B. Power and prestige are based on kinship and rank.

C. Most resources are common goods.

D. Men and women do different productive tasks.

Question #36

A/An ________________ would say that a millionaire and a person who lives on $1 per day will probably have very different belief systems because of their relative economic worth.

A. moral relativist

B. ethnocentrist

C. materialist

D. idealist

Question #37

True or False. In general, cultural ecology is considered an idealist theory of human interaction.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #38

Which one of the following statements correctly distinguishes the difference between ethnography and ethnology?

A. Ethnography studies cultures that are isolated from one another, while ethnology studies nations influenced by globalization.

B. Ethnography focuses on large societies stratified by class while ethnology studies small societies with little difference in wealth or power.

C. Ethnologists interpret data from different cultural groups to make generalizations about human society and culture.

D. Ethnology focuses on the study of a particular cultural group, while ethnography emphasizes a comparative perspective on culture.

Question #39

Which one of the following is an example of what universal cultural feature means?

A. All human groups have narratives of how humans were created.

B. Many people who live along the Pacific Coast of Southern California are surfers, while many people who live in Montreal, Canada are hockey players.

C. All humans believe the universe is separate from the human world.

D. All peoples in a given region of the world believe in similar creation myths.

Question #40

A ____________ allows a researcher to generalize about behaviors or beliefs within a given population.

A. variable

B. sample

C. random sample

D. formal questionnaire

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