Psychology 041 - Lifespan Psychology » Spring 2019 » Chapter 8 Quiz

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Question #1
Caregivers who view play as mere entertainment are __________ likely to __________.
A.   more; encourage associative play than to encourage parallel play
B.   less; encourage pretend play than those who value its cognitive and social benefits
C.   more; have children who have rich imaginations than those who view play as developmentally beneficial
D.   more; provide props than those who value its cognitive and social benefits
Question #2
Which of the following statements about peer sociability in collectivist versus individualistic societies is true?
A.   Children in collectivist cultures spend more time in parallel play than children in individualistic cultures.
B.   Children in individualistic cultures tend to play in larger groups than children in collectivist cultures.
C.   Children in collectivist societies generally play in large groups, which require high levels of cooperation.
D.   Children in collectivist cultures spend more time in make-believe play than children in individualistic cultures.
Question #3
A(n) __________ parenting style is associated with children who are impulsive, disobedient, overly demanding, and dependent on adults.
A.   authoritative
B.   authoritarian
C.   uninvolved
D.   permissive
Question #4
All theories of moral development recognize that conscience begins to take shape
A.   in late childhood.
B.   prenatally.
C.   in early childhood.
D.   at birth.
Question #5
According to cognitive-developmental theory, __________ come(s) before __________ in the development of gender identity.
A.   gender constancy; gender identity
B.   behavior; self-perceptions
C.   self-perceptions; behavior
D.   gender constancy; gender awareness
Question #6
Which of the following types of aggression is 7-year-old Alecia the most likely to use to inflict harm?
A.   physical
B.   verbal
C.   relational
D.   proactive
Question #7
Gender __________ refers to any association of objects, activities, roles, or traits with one sex or the other in ways that conform to cultural stereotypes.
A.   identity
B.   selection
C.   typing
D.   modeling
Question #8
Evaluations of Incredible Years reveal that the program
A.   does not have any real lasting impact on children with serious conduct problems.
B.   improves parenting and reduces child behavior problems in families with aggressive children.
C.   is somewhat helpful to control groups but does not improve the parenting of children with conduct problems.
D.   initially helps families with aggressive children, but the effects of the parent training component do not endure.
Question #9
According to research on cultural variations in child-rearing styles,
A.   compared with Western parents, Chinese parents describe their parenting as more permissive.
B.   Chinese parents report expressing affection and using induction as much as American parents do.
C.   compared with Western parents, Chinese parents praise their children more often.
D.   compared with Chinese parents, Western parents more often use reason-oriented discipline.
Question #10
Preschoolers with warm parents who use induction are __________ likely to __________.
A.   more; display prosocial behavior
B.   less; repair damage after misdeeds
C.   less; confess after wrongdoing
D.   more; misbehave
Question #11
Mr. Cortez explains to his 5-year-old daughter that she should not talk loudly at the library because other people are trying to read. Mr. Cortez's explanation is an example of
A.   an inner standard of morality.
B.   positive parenting.
C.   induction.
D.   a disciplinarian moral imperative.
Question #12
Parents are most likely to use forceful methods of discipline when
A.   children are verbally aggressive towards others.
B.   very serious transgressions occur.
C.   immediate obedience is necessary.
D.   they want to foster long-term goals.
Question #13
Adults can combat children's gender stereotyped beliefs by
A.   affirming children's stereotypical gender claims.
B.   calling attention to gender.
C.   asking children to avoid using gender labels.
D.   labeling gender for children.
Question #14
When parents use inductive discipline, they
A.   point out the effects of their child's misbehavior on others.
B.   model the behavior that they want their child to follow.
C.   rely on rewards and punishment to shape their child's behavior.
D.   threaten to withdraw their love to motivate good behavior.
Question #15
__________ are a major means through which caregivers imbue the young child's self-concept with cultural values.
A.   Formal lessons
B.   Read-aloud books
C.   Self-evaluative narratives
D.   Concrete rewards
Question #16
Four-year-old Simka is sociable and good at regulating emotion. She is likely to
A.   less often display sympathetic concern for others.
B.   experience personal distress when she sees a peer in distress.
C.   less often display prosocial behavior.
D.   help, share, and comfort others in distress.
Question #17
Gender schema theory
A.   maintains that biological factors have a greater impact on gender typing than environmental factors.
B.   maintains that children acquire gender-typed responses through modeling and reinforcement.
C.   is an information-processing approach that combines social learning and cognitive-development features.
D.   explains how environmental factors contribute to sex differences in behavior and personality traits.
Question #18
According to Erikson's theory, children best learn to cooperate to achieve goals through
A.   modeling.
B.   play.
C.   discipline.
D.   scaffolding.
Question #19
Which of the following individuals is most likely to handle stress effectively?
A.   Sal, whose parents rarely express positive emotions
B.   Cara, whose parents punish her when she loses control of her emotions
C.   Louisa, who experiences negative emotion intensely
D.   Sean, whose parents explain strategies for controlling feelings

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