Psychology 041 - Lifespan Psychology » Spring 2019 » Chapter 8 Quiz

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Question #1
Caregivers who view play as mere entertainment are __________ likely to __________.
A.   more; provide props than those who value its cognitive and social benefits
B.   less; encourage pretend play than those who value its cognitive and social benefits
C.   more; have children who have rich imaginations than those who view play as developmentally beneficial
D.   more; encourage associative play than to encourage parallel play
Question #2
Which of the following statements about peer sociability in collectivist versus individualistic societies is true?
A.   Children in collectivist cultures spend more time in parallel play than children in individualistic cultures.
B.   Children in collectivist societies generally play in large groups, which require high levels of cooperation.
C.   Children in collectivist cultures spend more time in make-believe play than children in individualistic cultures.
D.   Children in individualistic cultures tend to play in larger groups than children in collectivist cultures.
Question #3
A(n) __________ parenting style is associated with children who are impulsive, disobedient, overly demanding, and dependent on adults.
A.   authoritarian
B.   permissive
C.   authoritative
D.   uninvolved
Question #4
All theories of moral development recognize that conscience begins to take shape
A.   prenatally.
B.   in early childhood.
C.   at birth.
D.   in late childhood.
Question #5
According to cognitive-developmental theory, __________ come(s) before __________ in the development of gender identity.
A.   self-perceptions; behavior
B.   gender constancy; gender awareness
C.   gender constancy; gender identity
D.   behavior; self-perceptions
Question #6
Which of the following types of aggression is 7-year-old Alecia the most likely to use to inflict harm?
A.   physical
B.   verbal
C.   relational
D.   proactive
Question #7
Gender __________ refers to any association of objects, activities, roles, or traits with one sex or the other in ways that conform to cultural stereotypes.
A.   modeling
B.   identity
C.   selection
D.   typing
Question #8
Evaluations of Incredible Years reveal that the program
A.   initially helps families with aggressive children, but the effects of the parent training component do not endure.
B.   improves parenting and reduces child behavior problems in families with aggressive children.
C.   is somewhat helpful to control groups but does not improve the parenting of children with conduct problems.
D.   does not have any real lasting impact on children with serious conduct problems.
Question #9
According to research on cultural variations in child-rearing styles,
A.   compared with Chinese parents, Western parents more often use reason-oriented discipline.
B.   compared with Western parents, Chinese parents describe their parenting as more permissive.
C.   Chinese parents report expressing affection and using induction as much as American parents do.
D.   compared with Western parents, Chinese parents praise their children more often.
Question #10
Preschoolers with warm parents who use induction are __________ likely to __________.
A.   less; repair damage after misdeeds
B.   more; display prosocial behavior
C.   less; confess after wrongdoing
D.   more; misbehave
Question #11
Mr. Cortez explains to his 5-year-old daughter that she should not talk loudly at the library because other people are trying to read. Mr. Cortez's explanation is an example of
A.   induction.
B.   a disciplinarian moral imperative.
C.   an inner standard of morality.
D.   positive parenting.
Question #12
Parents are most likely to use forceful methods of discipline when
A.   very serious transgressions occur.
B.   they want to foster long-term goals.
C.   immediate obedience is necessary.
D.   children are verbally aggressive towards others.
Question #13
Adults can combat children's gender stereotyped beliefs by
A.   calling attention to gender.
B.   asking children to avoid using gender labels.
C.   affirming children's stereotypical gender claims.
D.   labeling gender for children.
Question #14
When parents use inductive discipline, they
A.   point out the effects of their child's misbehavior on others.
B.   model the behavior that they want their child to follow.
C.   threaten to withdraw their love to motivate good behavior.
D.   rely on rewards and punishment to shape their child's behavior.
Question #15
__________ are a major means through which caregivers imbue the young child's self-concept with cultural values.
A.   Formal lessons
B.   Self-evaluative narratives
C.   Concrete rewards
D.   Read-aloud books
Question #16
Four-year-old Simka is sociable and good at regulating emotion. She is likely to
A.   less often display sympathetic concern for others.
B.   experience personal distress when she sees a peer in distress.
C.   help, share, and comfort others in distress.
D.   less often display prosocial behavior.
Question #17
Gender schema theory
A.   is an information-processing approach that combines social learning and cognitive-development features.
B.   maintains that biological factors have a greater impact on gender typing than environmental factors.
C.   explains how environmental factors contribute to sex differences in behavior and personality traits.
D.   maintains that children acquire gender-typed responses through modeling and reinforcement.
Question #18
According to Erikson's theory, children best learn to cooperate to achieve goals through
A.   play.
B.   discipline.
C.   scaffolding.
D.   modeling.
Question #19
Which of the following individuals is most likely to handle stress effectively?
A.   Sal, whose parents rarely express positive emotions
B.   Louisa, who experiences negative emotion intensely
C.   Cara, whose parents punish her when she loses control of her emotions
D.   Sean, whose parents explain strategies for controlling feelings

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