Psychology 041 - Lifespan Psychology » Spring 2019 » Chapter 8 Quiz

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Question #1
Caregivers who view play as mere entertainment are __________ likely to __________.
A.   more; have children who have rich imaginations than those who view play as developmentally beneficial
B.   less; encourage pretend play than those who value its cognitive and social benefits
C.   more; provide props than those who value its cognitive and social benefits
D.   more; encourage associative play than to encourage parallel play
Question #2
Which of the following statements about peer sociability in collectivist versus individualistic societies is true?
A.   Children in collectivist societies generally play in large groups, which require high levels of cooperation.
B.   Children in collectivist cultures spend more time in make-believe play than children in individualistic cultures.
C.   Children in individualistic cultures tend to play in larger groups than children in collectivist cultures.
D.   Children in collectivist cultures spend more time in parallel play than children in individualistic cultures.
Question #3
A(n) __________ parenting style is associated with children who are impulsive, disobedient, overly demanding, and dependent on adults.
A.   authoritative
B.   uninvolved
C.   authoritarian
D.   permissive
Question #4
All theories of moral development recognize that conscience begins to take shape
A.   in late childhood.
B.   prenatally.
C.   at birth.
D.   in early childhood.
Question #5
According to cognitive-developmental theory, __________ come(s) before __________ in the development of gender identity.
A.   behavior; self-perceptions
B.   gender constancy; gender identity
C.   gender constancy; gender awareness
D.   self-perceptions; behavior
Question #6
Which of the following types of aggression is 7-year-old Alecia the most likely to use to inflict harm?
A.   verbal
B.   proactive
C.   relational
D.   physical
Question #7
Gender __________ refers to any association of objects, activities, roles, or traits with one sex or the other in ways that conform to cultural stereotypes.
A.   modeling
B.   selection
C.   identity
D.   typing
Question #8
Evaluations of Incredible Years reveal that the program
A.   does not have any real lasting impact on children with serious conduct problems.
B.   is somewhat helpful to control groups but does not improve the parenting of children with conduct problems.
C.   initially helps families with aggressive children, but the effects of the parent training component do not endure.
D.   improves parenting and reduces child behavior problems in families with aggressive children.
Question #9
According to research on cultural variations in child-rearing styles,
A.   Chinese parents report expressing affection and using induction as much as American parents do.
B.   compared with Chinese parents, Western parents more often use reason-oriented discipline.
C.   compared with Western parents, Chinese parents praise their children more often.
D.   compared with Western parents, Chinese parents describe their parenting as more permissive.
Question #10
Preschoolers with warm parents who use induction are __________ likely to __________.
A.   less; confess after wrongdoing
B.   more; display prosocial behavior
C.   more; misbehave
D.   less; repair damage after misdeeds
Question #11
Mr. Cortez explains to his 5-year-old daughter that she should not talk loudly at the library because other people are trying to read. Mr. Cortez's explanation is an example of
A.   positive parenting.
B.   induction.
C.   an inner standard of morality.
D.   a disciplinarian moral imperative.
Question #12
Parents are most likely to use forceful methods of discipline when
A.   immediate obedience is necessary.
B.   they want to foster long-term goals.
C.   very serious transgressions occur.
D.   children are verbally aggressive towards others.
Question #13
Adults can combat children's gender stereotyped beliefs by
A.   asking children to avoid using gender labels.
B.   calling attention to gender.
C.   labeling gender for children.
D.   affirming children's stereotypical gender claims.
Question #14
When parents use inductive discipline, they
A.   rely on rewards and punishment to shape their child's behavior.
B.   point out the effects of their child's misbehavior on others.
C.   threaten to withdraw their love to motivate good behavior.
D.   model the behavior that they want their child to follow.
Question #15
__________ are a major means through which caregivers imbue the young child's self-concept with cultural values.
A.   Formal lessons
B.   Read-aloud books
C.   Concrete rewards
D.   Self-evaluative narratives
Question #16
Four-year-old Simka is sociable and good at regulating emotion. She is likely to
A.   less often display sympathetic concern for others.
B.   help, share, and comfort others in distress.
C.   less often display prosocial behavior.
D.   experience personal distress when she sees a peer in distress.
Question #17
Gender schema theory
A.   maintains that children acquire gender-typed responses through modeling and reinforcement.
B.   maintains that biological factors have a greater impact on gender typing than environmental factors.
C.   explains how environmental factors contribute to sex differences in behavior and personality traits.
D.   is an information-processing approach that combines social learning and cognitive-development features.
Question #18
According to Erikson's theory, children best learn to cooperate to achieve goals through
A.   discipline.
B.   modeling.
C.   play.
D.   scaffolding.
Question #19
Which of the following individuals is most likely to handle stress effectively?
A.   Sal, whose parents rarely express positive emotions
B.   Sean, whose parents explain strategies for controlling feelings
C.   Louisa, who experiences negative emotion intensely
D.   Cara, whose parents punish her when she loses control of her emotions

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