A.   modes of behavior shared by all human cultures

B.   laws that a society creates

C.   concrete rules of behavior

D.   abstract ideals about what is good and bad

A.   guidelines of behavior for interacting with people from different cultures

B.   an abstract ideal about what is good and bad

C.   a set of concrete rules of behavior

D.   an enduring system of interrelationships that connects individuals

A.   value

B.   norm

C.   cultural universal

D.   material good

A.   children learn their gender roles in American society

B.   world languages develop over time

C.   language shapes our perceptions and ways of thinking

D.   family members play a critical role in personality development

A.   agrarian

B.   hunting and gathering

C.   industrial

D.   horticultural and pastoral

A.   size of the family

B.   length of time in which a family resided with the community

C.   amount and type of food gathered during the growing season

D.   gender and age of the community members

A.   horticultural and pastoral

B.   agrarian

C.   industrial

D.   hunting and gathering

A.   pastoralism

B.   industrialization

C.   civilization

D.   agriculture

A.   hunting and gathering

B.   agrarian

C.   postindustrial

D.   industrial

A.   nonconformists

B.   multiculturalists

C.   individualistic

D.   subcultures

A.   multiculturalism

B.   cultural relativism

C.   subcultures

D.   assimilation

A.   cultural identity

B.   cultural relativism

C.   culture shock

D.   ethnocentrism

A.   biological instinct

B.   the decline of cultural values

C.   genetic hegemony

D.   a reproductive strategy

A.   sex

B.   gender

C.   sexuality

D.   socialization

A.   gender roles are biologically determined

B.   gender roles are essentially the same everywhere with only minor variations

C.   social scientists are unable to understand gender roles in other societies

D.   gender roles are culturally determined

A.   aggressive behavior is not tolerated in men

B.   aggressive behavior is not tolerated in either men or women

C.   both men and women engage in aggressive behavior

D.   aggressive behavior is not tolerated in women

A.   instrumental role

B.   sex role

C.   expressive role

D.   gender role

A.   that there is one feminist school of thought

B.   that women have an unequal position in society

C.   a rejection of the idea that gender has an influence on social life

D.   a belief that the roots of gender inequality are biological

A.   radical and liberal

B.   postmodern and black

C.   black and liberal

D.   postmodern and radical

A.   that is dominated by radical feminists

B.   in which men dominate economic and political institutions

C.   in which chivalrous behavior from men is rewarded

D.   that respects the traditional role of the male in society

A.   masculinization

B.   gender typing

C.   oppression

D.   patriarchy

A.   sexual harassment

B.   misogynistic attitude

C.   misogynistic attitude

D.   gender typing

A.   fact that women are mothers from 3:00 P.M., when school is over, to 9:00 P.M., when the children go to sleep, followed by being a wife from 9:00 P.M. until the morning

B.   fact that most women found it more acceptable to work from 5:00 P.M. to 1:00 A.M. rather than the first shift from 9:00 A.M. to 5:00 P.M.

C.   shift of women workers from industrial jobs to service jobs

D.   burden of housework that awaits a woman when she returns home from work

A.   human capital policies

B.   minimum wage laws

C.   sex desegregation

D.   comparable worth policies

A.   a willingness on the part of men to use pressure, threats, coercion, and force to obtain sex

B.   a culturally established overt pressure for women not to participate in any type of sex

C.   a need to convince women to have more sex in order to avoid rape

D.   the question of how to uniformly apply the definition of sexual harassment

A.   how society operates naturally

B.   when the institutions of society function together as a whole

C.   a source of social conflict in society

D.   when people disagree on basic values and customs but work together anyway

A.   Émile Durkheim

B.   Harriet Martineau

C.   Karl Marx

D.   Max Weber

A.   argued for a social physics and scientific understanding

B.   argued that social change is caused by economic influences as opposed to values and ideas

C.   argued that social change causes anomie

D.   concentrated on postindustrial society as opposed to industrial society

A.   Marxism

B.   capitalism

C.   communism

D.   socialism

A.   the sense of aimlessness provoked by modern social life

B.   the influence of cultural ideas and values on social change and individual behavior

C.   class struggles

D.   the superiority of Western culture

A.   an introductory sociology class

B.   the Beta chapter of Delta Gamma sorority

C.   the college or university you attend

D.   a block party in celebration of Independence Day

A.   Émile Durkheim

B.   Harriet Martineau

C.   Emily Dickinson

D.   Jean Baudrillard

A.   organic solidarity

B.   double consciousness

C.   dialectical materialism

D.   rationalization

A.   a conflict

B.   a rational choice

C.   an exchange of functions

D.   an exchange of symbols

A.   Sex refers to aggressive behavior, while gender refers to expressive behavior.

B.   Sex refers to men, while gender refers to women.

C.   Sex refers to biological traits, while gender refers to social traits.

D.   Sex is a verb, while gender is a noun.

A.   sociologists are primarily interested in predicting the future

B.   sociology should be considered a philosophy rather than a science

C.   sociology attempts to connect individual experiences to a conception of a larger social structure

D.   sociology is not concerned with empirical verification of theories

A.   the mental state or personality of an individual

B.   the random events or actions that occur within a building or concrete structure

C.   any building constructed by more than one person

D.   a regularity or pattern in people’s behavior and relationships

A.   social structure

B.   rationalization

C.   social construction

D.   socialization

A.   Anthony Giddens

B.   Robert K. Merton

C.   Émile Durkheim

D.   George Herbert Mead

A.   the four clearly defined groups into which humans are categorized based on physical phenotype

B.   a set of distinct physical characteristics that are the basis for a scientific classification of human beings

C.   physical variations in human beings singled out by members of a community or society as socially significant

D.   cultural practices and outlooks, including language, history, ancestry, religion, and styles of dress or adornment that tend to set people apart

A.   segregation

B.   pluralism

C.   assimilation

D.   multiculturalism

A.   $1 trillion less

B.   about the same

C.   far less, but actual statistics are difficult to verify

D.   far more, but actual statistics are difficult to verify

A.   discrimination

B.   prejudice

C.   antiracism

D.   racism

A.   cultural practices and outlooks, including language, history, ancestry, religion, and styles of dress or adornment that tend to set people apart

B.   the four clearly defined groups into which humans are categorized based on physical phenotype

C.   a set of distinct physical characteristics that is the basis for a scientific classification of human beings

D.   physical variations in human beings singled out by members of a community or society as socially significant

A.   many Chicanos and Chicanas who incorporate certain indigenous practices into their religion

B.   the Hmong people’s extended family structure that allows for their elders to play a significant role in decision making

C.   African Americans who do not value family because of the high rates of single-parent households

D.   many Native American tribes in the United States who exercise their sovereignty through gaming and other enterprises

A.   German American

B.   Chinese American

C.   Italian American

D.   Japanese American

A.   True

B.   False

A.   they rarely fight back in an attempt to minimize the experience

B.   they have learned to accept forced sex as a means of self-preservation

C.   they frequently dress in revealing clothing that excites men

D.   men are socialized to feel sexual entitlement and insensitive to the difference between consensual and nonconsensual sex

A.   there is a large difference between men’s and women’s definitions of forced sex

B.   not all rapists are sexual predators that can be tracked in the government’s sexual predator database

C.   few women know their rapists, making it very difficult to arrest and prosecute them

D.   of the increasingly sexual environment in which we live