A.   laws that a society creates

B.   abstract ideals about what is good and bad

C.   modes of behavior shared by all human cultures

D.   concrete rules of behavior

A.   an abstract ideal about what is good and bad

B.   a set of concrete rules of behavior

C.   an enduring system of interrelationships that connects individuals

D.   guidelines of behavior for interacting with people from different cultures

A.   material good

B.   norm

C.   cultural universal

D.   value

A.   children learn their gender roles in American society

B.   world languages develop over time

C.   language shapes our perceptions and ways of thinking

D.   family members play a critical role in personality development

A.   horticultural and pastoral

B.   industrial

C.   agrarian

D.   hunting and gathering

A.   amount and type of food gathered during the growing season

B.   gender and age of the community members

C.   size of the family

D.   length of time in which a family resided with the community

A.   hunting and gathering

B.   industrial

C.   horticultural and pastoral

D.   agrarian

A.   industrialization

B.   pastoralism

C.   agriculture

D.   civilization

A.   postindustrial

B.   hunting and gathering

C.   industrial

D.   agrarian

A.   subcultures

B.   multiculturalists

C.   individualistic

D.   nonconformists

A.   cultural relativism

B.   multiculturalism

C.   subcultures

D.   assimilation

A.   cultural identity

B.   culture shock

C.   cultural relativism

D.   ethnocentrism

A.   biological instinct

B.   the decline of cultural values

C.   a reproductive strategy

D.   genetic hegemony

A.   sexuality

B.   socialization

C.   gender

D.   sex

A.   gender roles are essentially the same everywhere with only minor variations

B.   gender roles are culturally determined

C.   gender roles are biologically determined

D.   social scientists are unable to understand gender roles in other societies

A.   both men and women engage in aggressive behavior

B.   aggressive behavior is not tolerated in men

C.   aggressive behavior is not tolerated in women

D.   aggressive behavior is not tolerated in either men or women

A.   gender role

B.   instrumental role

C.   sex role

D.   expressive role

A.   that women have an unequal position in society

B.   that there is one feminist school of thought

C.   a belief that the roots of gender inequality are biological

D.   a rejection of the idea that gender has an influence on social life

A.   black and liberal

B.   radical and liberal

C.   postmodern and radical

D.   postmodern and black

A.   in which chivalrous behavior from men is rewarded

B.   that respects the traditional role of the male in society

C.   in which men dominate economic and political institutions

D.   that is dominated by radical feminists

A.   masculinization

B.   oppression

C.   patriarchy

D.   gender typing

A.   misogynistic attitude

B.   misogynistic attitude

C.   sexual harassment

D.   gender typing

A.   fact that women are mothers from 3:00 P.M., when school is over, to 9:00 P.M., when the children go to sleep, followed by being a wife from 9:00 P.M. until the morning

B.   fact that most women found it more acceptable to work from 5:00 P.M. to 1:00 A.M. rather than the first shift from 9:00 A.M. to 5:00 P.M.

C.   shift of women workers from industrial jobs to service jobs

D.   burden of housework that awaits a woman when she returns home from work

A.   sex desegregation

B.   minimum wage laws

C.   comparable worth policies

D.   human capital policies

A.   a culturally established overt pressure for women not to participate in any type of sex

B.   a willingness on the part of men to use pressure, threats, coercion, and force to obtain sex

C.   the question of how to uniformly apply the definition of sexual harassment

D.   a need to convince women to have more sex in order to avoid rape

A.   how society operates naturally

B.   a source of social conflict in society

C.   when people disagree on basic values and customs but work together anyway

D.   when the institutions of society function together as a whole

A.   Karl Marx

B.   Harriet Martineau

C.   Max Weber

D.   Émile Durkheim

A.   argued that social change causes anomie

B.   argued for a social physics and scientific understanding

C.   concentrated on postindustrial society as opposed to industrial society

D.   argued that social change is caused by economic influences as opposed to values and ideas

A.   communism

B.   socialism

C.   capitalism

D.   Marxism

A.   class struggles

B.   the sense of aimlessness provoked by modern social life

C.   the influence of cultural ideas and values on social change and individual behavior

D.   the superiority of Western culture

A.   the Beta chapter of Delta Gamma sorority

B.   the college or university you attend

C.   a block party in celebration of Independence Day

D.   an introductory sociology class

A.   Émile Durkheim

B.   Jean Baudrillard

C.   Emily Dickinson

D.   Harriet Martineau

A.   rationalization

B.   dialectical materialism

C.   double consciousness

D.   organic solidarity

A.   a conflict

B.   an exchange of symbols

C.   an exchange of functions

D.   a rational choice

A.   Sex refers to men, while gender refers to women.

B.   Sex refers to aggressive behavior, while gender refers to expressive behavior.

C.   Sex is a verb, while gender is a noun.

D.   Sex refers to biological traits, while gender refers to social traits.

A.   sociology should be considered a philosophy rather than a science

B.   sociologists are primarily interested in predicting the future

C.   sociology is not concerned with empirical verification of theories

D.   sociology attempts to connect individual experiences to a conception of a larger social structure

A.   the random events or actions that occur within a building or concrete structure

B.   a regularity or pattern in people’s behavior and relationships

C.   any building constructed by more than one person

D.   the mental state or personality of an individual

A.   social construction

B.   socialization

C.   rationalization

D.   social structure

A.   Émile Durkheim

B.   Robert K. Merton

C.   George Herbert Mead

D.   Anthony Giddens

A.   the four clearly defined groups into which humans are categorized based on physical phenotype

B.   cultural practices and outlooks, including language, history, ancestry, religion, and styles of dress or adornment that tend to set people apart

C.   physical variations in human beings singled out by members of a community or society as socially significant

D.   a set of distinct physical characteristics that are the basis for a scientific classification of human beings

A.   assimilation

B.   segregation

C.   multiculturalism

D.   pluralism

A.   far less, but actual statistics are difficult to verify

B.   far more, but actual statistics are difficult to verify

C.   $1 trillion less

D.   about the same

A.   discrimination

B.   antiracism

C.   racism

D.   prejudice

A.   physical variations in human beings singled out by members of a community or society as socially significant

B.   cultural practices and outlooks, including language, history, ancestry, religion, and styles of dress or adornment that tend to set people apart

C.   the four clearly defined groups into which humans are categorized based on physical phenotype

D.   a set of distinct physical characteristics that is the basis for a scientific classification of human beings

A.   many Chicanos and Chicanas who incorporate certain indigenous practices into their religion

B.   the Hmong people’s extended family structure that allows for their elders to play a significant role in decision making

C.   African Americans who do not value family because of the high rates of single-parent households

D.   many Native American tribes in the United States who exercise their sovereignty through gaming and other enterprises

A.   German American

B.   Italian American

C.   Japanese American

D.   Chinese American

A.   False

B.   True

A.   men are socialized to feel sexual entitlement and insensitive to the difference between consensual and nonconsensual sex

B.   they rarely fight back in an attempt to minimize the experience

C.   they have learned to accept forced sex as a means of self-preservation

D.   they frequently dress in revealing clothing that excites men

A.   not all rapists are sexual predators that can be tracked in the government’s sexual predator database

B.   of the increasingly sexual environment in which we live

C.   there is a large difference between men’s and women’s definitions of forced sex

D.   few women know their rapists, making it very difficult to arrest and prosecute them