A.   laws that a society creates

B.   concrete rules of behavior

C.   modes of behavior shared by all human cultures

D.   abstract ideals about what is good and bad

A.   an enduring system of interrelationships that connects individuals

B.   a set of concrete rules of behavior

C.   an abstract ideal about what is good and bad

D.   guidelines of behavior for interacting with people from different cultures

A.   value

B.   norm

C.   material good

D.   cultural universal

A.   family members play a critical role in personality development

B.   children learn their gender roles in American society

C.   language shapes our perceptions and ways of thinking

D.   world languages develop over time

A.   hunting and gathering

B.   industrial

C.   horticultural and pastoral

D.   agrarian

A.   gender and age of the community members

B.   length of time in which a family resided with the community

C.   amount and type of food gathered during the growing season

D.   size of the family

A.   industrial

B.   agrarian

C.   horticultural and pastoral

D.   hunting and gathering

A.   civilization

B.   pastoralism

C.   agriculture

D.   industrialization

A.   hunting and gathering

B.   industrial

C.   agrarian

D.   postindustrial

A.   subcultures

B.   nonconformists

C.   multiculturalists

D.   individualistic

A.   assimilation

B.   cultural relativism

C.   multiculturalism

D.   subcultures

A.   cultural identity

B.   cultural relativism

C.   culture shock

D.   ethnocentrism

A.   biological instinct

B.   a reproductive strategy

C.   the decline of cultural values

D.   genetic hegemony

A.   gender

B.   socialization

C.   sexuality

D.   sex

A.   social scientists are unable to understand gender roles in other societies

B.   gender roles are culturally determined

C.   gender roles are essentially the same everywhere with only minor variations

D.   gender roles are biologically determined

A.   aggressive behavior is not tolerated in men

B.   aggressive behavior is not tolerated in women

C.   aggressive behavior is not tolerated in either men or women

D.   both men and women engage in aggressive behavior

A.   sex role

B.   gender role

C.   expressive role

D.   instrumental role

A.   a rejection of the idea that gender has an influence on social life

B.   that women have an unequal position in society

C.   a belief that the roots of gender inequality are biological

D.   that there is one feminist school of thought

A.   postmodern and black

B.   postmodern and radical

C.   radical and liberal

D.   black and liberal

A.   in which chivalrous behavior from men is rewarded

B.   in which men dominate economic and political institutions

C.   that is dominated by radical feminists

D.   that respects the traditional role of the male in society

A.   gender typing

B.   masculinization

C.   patriarchy

D.   oppression

A.   misogynistic attitude

B.   sexual harassment

C.   misogynistic attitude

D.   gender typing

A.   fact that most women found it more acceptable to work from 5:00 P.M. to 1:00 A.M. rather than the first shift from 9:00 A.M. to 5:00 P.M.

B.   burden of housework that awaits a woman when she returns home from work

C.   fact that women are mothers from 3:00 P.M., when school is over, to 9:00 P.M., when the children go to sleep, followed by being a wife from 9:00 P.M. until the morning

D.   shift of women workers from industrial jobs to service jobs

A.   minimum wage laws

B.   sex desegregation

C.   comparable worth policies

D.   human capital policies

A.   the question of how to uniformly apply the definition of sexual harassment

B.   a willingness on the part of men to use pressure, threats, coercion, and force to obtain sex

C.   a need to convince women to have more sex in order to avoid rape

D.   a culturally established overt pressure for women not to participate in any type of sex

A.   when people disagree on basic values and customs but work together anyway

B.   a source of social conflict in society

C.   when the institutions of society function together as a whole

D.   how society operates naturally

A.   Max Weber

B.   Karl Marx

C.   Émile Durkheim

D.   Harriet Martineau

A.   argued that social change is caused by economic influences as opposed to values and ideas

B.   argued for a social physics and scientific understanding

C.   argued that social change causes anomie

D.   concentrated on postindustrial society as opposed to industrial society

A.   Marxism

B.   socialism

C.   communism

D.   capitalism

A.   class struggles

B.   the influence of cultural ideas and values on social change and individual behavior

C.   the superiority of Western culture

D.   the sense of aimlessness provoked by modern social life

A.   a block party in celebration of Independence Day

B.   the college or university you attend

C.   an introductory sociology class

D.   the Beta chapter of Delta Gamma sorority

A.   Émile Durkheim

B.   Harriet Martineau

C.   Emily Dickinson

D.   Jean Baudrillard

A.   organic solidarity

B.   rationalization

C.   dialectical materialism

D.   double consciousness

A.   a rational choice

B.   an exchange of symbols

C.   an exchange of functions

D.   a conflict

A.   Sex is a verb, while gender is a noun.

B.   Sex refers to men, while gender refers to women.

C.   Sex refers to aggressive behavior, while gender refers to expressive behavior.

D.   Sex refers to biological traits, while gender refers to social traits.

A.   sociologists are primarily interested in predicting the future

B.   sociology attempts to connect individual experiences to a conception of a larger social structure

C.   sociology is not concerned with empirical verification of theories

D.   sociology should be considered a philosophy rather than a science

A.   the random events or actions that occur within a building or concrete structure

B.   the mental state or personality of an individual

C.   a regularity or pattern in people’s behavior and relationships

D.   any building constructed by more than one person

A.   social construction

B.   socialization

C.   social structure

D.   rationalization

A.   Émile Durkheim

B.   George Herbert Mead

C.   Anthony Giddens

D.   Robert K. Merton

A.   cultural practices and outlooks, including language, history, ancestry, religion, and styles of dress or adornment that tend to set people apart

B.   physical variations in human beings singled out by members of a community or society as socially significant

C.   the four clearly defined groups into which humans are categorized based on physical phenotype

D.   a set of distinct physical characteristics that are the basis for a scientific classification of human beings

A.   assimilation

B.   multiculturalism

C.   pluralism

D.   segregation

A.   $1 trillion less

B.   far less, but actual statistics are difficult to verify

C.   far more, but actual statistics are difficult to verify

D.   about the same

A.   discrimination

B.   racism

C.   prejudice

D.   antiracism

A.   the four clearly defined groups into which humans are categorized based on physical phenotype

B.   physical variations in human beings singled out by members of a community or society as socially significant

C.   cultural practices and outlooks, including language, history, ancestry, religion, and styles of dress or adornment that tend to set people apart

D.   a set of distinct physical characteristics that is the basis for a scientific classification of human beings

A.   many Chicanos and Chicanas who incorporate certain indigenous practices into their religion

B.   the Hmong people’s extended family structure that allows for their elders to play a significant role in decision making

C.   African Americans who do not value family because of the high rates of single-parent households

D.   many Native American tribes in the United States who exercise their sovereignty through gaming and other enterprises

A.   Italian American

B.   German American

C.   Chinese American

D.   Japanese American

A.   False

B.   True

A.   they rarely fight back in an attempt to minimize the experience

B.   men are socialized to feel sexual entitlement and insensitive to the difference between consensual and nonconsensual sex

C.   they frequently dress in revealing clothing that excites men

D.   they have learned to accept forced sex as a means of self-preservation

A.   not all rapists are sexual predators that can be tracked in the government’s sexual predator database

B.   few women know their rapists, making it very difficult to arrest and prosecute them

C.   of the increasingly sexual environment in which we live

D.   there is a large difference between men’s and women’s definitions of forced sex