A.   concrete rules of behavior

B.   modes of behavior shared by all human cultures

C.   laws that a society creates

D.   abstract ideals about what is good and bad

A.   a set of concrete rules of behavior

B.   an abstract ideal about what is good and bad

C.   an enduring system of interrelationships that connects individuals

D.   guidelines of behavior for interacting with people from different cultures

A.   norm

B.   value

C.   cultural universal

D.   material good

A.   family members play a critical role in personality development

B.   children learn their gender roles in American society

C.   world languages develop over time

D.   language shapes our perceptions and ways of thinking

A.   hunting and gathering

B.   horticultural and pastoral

C.   industrial

D.   agrarian

A.   length of time in which a family resided with the community

B.   amount and type of food gathered during the growing season

C.   gender and age of the community members

D.   size of the family

A.   agrarian

B.   industrial

C.   hunting and gathering

D.   horticultural and pastoral

A.   pastoralism

B.   civilization

C.   industrialization

D.   agriculture

A.   agrarian

B.   industrial

C.   hunting and gathering

D.   postindustrial

A.   nonconformists

B.   subcultures

C.   multiculturalists

D.   individualistic

A.   cultural relativism

B.   subcultures

C.   multiculturalism

D.   assimilation

A.   cultural relativism

B.   ethnocentrism

C.   culture shock

D.   cultural identity

A.   biological instinct

B.   the decline of cultural values

C.   a reproductive strategy

D.   genetic hegemony

A.   socialization

B.   sex

C.   gender

D.   sexuality

A.   gender roles are essentially the same everywhere with only minor variations

B.   social scientists are unable to understand gender roles in other societies

C.   gender roles are biologically determined

D.   gender roles are culturally determined

A.   aggressive behavior is not tolerated in women

B.   aggressive behavior is not tolerated in either men or women

C.   aggressive behavior is not tolerated in men

D.   both men and women engage in aggressive behavior

A.   expressive role

B.   instrumental role

C.   gender role

D.   sex role

A.   that there is one feminist school of thought

B.   a rejection of the idea that gender has an influence on social life

C.   that women have an unequal position in society

D.   a belief that the roots of gender inequality are biological

A.   radical and liberal

B.   postmodern and radical

C.   black and liberal

D.   postmodern and black

A.   in which men dominate economic and political institutions

B.   that respects the traditional role of the male in society

C.   that is dominated by radical feminists

D.   in which chivalrous behavior from men is rewarded

A.   patriarchy

B.   oppression

C.   gender typing

D.   masculinization

A.   gender typing

B.   misogynistic attitude

C.   sexual harassment

D.   misogynistic attitude

A.   fact that women are mothers from 3:00 P.M., when school is over, to 9:00 P.M., when the children go to sleep, followed by being a wife from 9:00 P.M. until the morning

B.   fact that most women found it more acceptable to work from 5:00 P.M. to 1:00 A.M. rather than the first shift from 9:00 A.M. to 5:00 P.M.

C.   shift of women workers from industrial jobs to service jobs

D.   burden of housework that awaits a woman when she returns home from work

A.   minimum wage laws

B.   human capital policies

C.   comparable worth policies

D.   sex desegregation

A.   a willingness on the part of men to use pressure, threats, coercion, and force to obtain sex

B.   a need to convince women to have more sex in order to avoid rape

C.   the question of how to uniformly apply the definition of sexual harassment

D.   a culturally established overt pressure for women not to participate in any type of sex

A.   when people disagree on basic values and customs but work together anyway

B.   how society operates naturally

C.   a source of social conflict in society

D.   when the institutions of society function together as a whole

A.   Émile Durkheim

B.   Harriet Martineau

C.   Karl Marx

D.   Max Weber

A.   argued that social change is caused by economic influences as opposed to values and ideas

B.   concentrated on postindustrial society as opposed to industrial society

C.   argued for a social physics and scientific understanding

D.   argued that social change causes anomie

A.   communism

B.   capitalism

C.   Marxism

D.   socialism

A.   the sense of aimlessness provoked by modern social life

B.   class struggles

C.   the influence of cultural ideas and values on social change and individual behavior

D.   the superiority of Western culture

A.   a block party in celebration of Independence Day

B.   the college or university you attend

C.   the Beta chapter of Delta Gamma sorority

D.   an introductory sociology class

A.   Émile Durkheim

B.   Harriet Martineau

C.   Emily Dickinson

D.   Jean Baudrillard

A.   double consciousness

B.   rationalization

C.   organic solidarity

D.   dialectical materialism

A.   a conflict

B.   an exchange of functions

C.   an exchange of symbols

D.   a rational choice

A.   Sex refers to men, while gender refers to women.

B.   Sex refers to biological traits, while gender refers to social traits.

C.   Sex is a verb, while gender is a noun.

D.   Sex refers to aggressive behavior, while gender refers to expressive behavior.

A.   sociology is not concerned with empirical verification of theories

B.   sociology attempts to connect individual experiences to a conception of a larger social structure

C.   sociologists are primarily interested in predicting the future

D.   sociology should be considered a philosophy rather than a science

A.   a regularity or pattern in people’s behavior and relationships

B.   the mental state or personality of an individual

C.   the random events or actions that occur within a building or concrete structure

D.   any building constructed by more than one person

A.   social structure

B.   socialization

C.   social construction

D.   rationalization

A.   George Herbert Mead

B.   Robert K. Merton

C.   Émile Durkheim

D.   Anthony Giddens

A.   a set of distinct physical characteristics that are the basis for a scientific classification of human beings

B.   the four clearly defined groups into which humans are categorized based on physical phenotype

C.   cultural practices and outlooks, including language, history, ancestry, religion, and styles of dress or adornment that tend to set people apart

D.   physical variations in human beings singled out by members of a community or society as socially significant

A.   multiculturalism

B.   pluralism

C.   assimilation

D.   segregation

A.   far less, but actual statistics are difficult to verify

B.   about the same

C.   $1 trillion less

D.   far more, but actual statistics are difficult to verify

A.   racism

B.   prejudice

C.   discrimination

D.   antiracism

A.   physical variations in human beings singled out by members of a community or society as socially significant

B.   the four clearly defined groups into which humans are categorized based on physical phenotype

C.   cultural practices and outlooks, including language, history, ancestry, religion, and styles of dress or adornment that tend to set people apart

D.   a set of distinct physical characteristics that is the basis for a scientific classification of human beings

A.   African Americans who do not value family because of the high rates of single-parent households

B.   many Native American tribes in the United States who exercise their sovereignty through gaming and other enterprises

C.   many Chicanos and Chicanas who incorporate certain indigenous practices into their religion

D.   the Hmong people’s extended family structure that allows for their elders to play a significant role in decision making

A.   Italian American

B.   German American

C.   Chinese American

D.   Japanese American

A.   False

B.   True

A.   they rarely fight back in an attempt to minimize the experience

B.   they frequently dress in revealing clothing that excites men

C.   they have learned to accept forced sex as a means of self-preservation

D.   men are socialized to feel sexual entitlement and insensitive to the difference between consensual and nonconsensual sex

A.   of the increasingly sexual environment in which we live

B.   few women know their rapists, making it very difficult to arrest and prosecute them

C.   not all rapists are sexual predators that can be tracked in the government’s sexual predator database

D.   there is a large difference between men’s and women’s definitions of forced sex