Anthropology 101 - Human Biological Evolution » Fall 2020 » Hominins Bipedality and the First Bipedal Apes Quiz

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Question #1
During the late Miocene, Africa
A.   became cooler and drier.
B.   became warmer and wetter.
C.   had an expansion of dense forests.
D.   shifted farther north.
Question #2
The dentition of hominins (bipedal apes) includes all of the following except
A.   thin enamel
B.   smaller, non-honing canines
C.   smaller diastema
D.   thick enamel
Question #3
Adaptive advantages of bipedalism include the following except
A.   decreasing exposure to direct sunlight in open country like the savanna
B.   more efficient way of covering long distances
C.   further refinements to capabilities used for swimming
Question #4
What feature of the skull is associated with bipedality?
A.   The placement of the foramen magnum toward the rear of the skull in a 45 degree angle to the spinal cord
B.   A broad ilium
C.   The placement of the foramen magnum at the center of the base of the skull in a 90 degree angle to the spinal cord
D.   Placement of the nuchal torus
Question #5
Large gluteal muscles are attached to a broad and thick ilium in hominins because
A.   these muscles pull downward on the pelvis to counteract the weight of the torso while on one foot.
B.   it became advantageous for primates to hang upside down on tree limbs to defend themselves from predators.
C.   females found this trait attractive.
D.   it allowed hominins to kick their legs more efficiently while treading water in increasingly wet environments.
Question #6
What features of the femur are associated with bipedality?
A.   Long femoral neck and bicondylar angle at the bottom
B.   Shorter length and increased thickness
C.   Longer length but thinner bone
D.   Straight and long
Question #7
Sahelanthropus tchadensis is believed to have been bipedal because
A.   The shape of its pelvis
B.   The placement of the foramen magnum is toward the center of the base of the skull
C.   The morphology of its femur includes a long femoral neck
D.   none of these statements are correct
Question #8
The fossilized remains of Sahelanthropus tchadensis are dated to approximately
A.   this species actually still exists in remote regions of Oregon
B.   7-6 mya
C.   7,600 thousand years ago
D.   760 mya
Question #9
The fossilized remains of Ardipithecus ramidus are dated to approximately
A.   4-5 mya
B.   this species actually still exists in remote regions of Oregon
C.   4,500 thousand years ago
D.   450 mya
Question #10
Although Ardipithecus ramidus was most likely bipedal, this creature also had
A.   Opposable toes
B.   A prehensile tail
C.   Webbed toes as an adaptation for swimming
D.   None of these responses are correct

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