If the lens flattened with age, what type of vision would become easier over time for this individual?

Which of the following structures contributes the most to the total refractive ability of the eye when viewing objects at a distance?

_________ matter consists predominantly of densely packaged cell bodies and dendrites, whereas ________ matter consists of bundles of myelinated nerve fibers.

Put the following events describing hearing by the organ of corti in the correct order • 1. sound waves hit the tympanic membrane • 2. movement of the oval window creates changes in the fluid pressure in scala vestibuli and tympani • 3. the fluid wave propagates along the cochlea & the scala vestibuli fluid presses in on the cochlear duct • 4. ossicles vibrate • 5. round window bulges out • 6. the basilar membrane shifts with respect to the tectorial membrane • 7. the stapes transfers these vibrations into the fluid of the inner ear • 8. cochlear duct pushes out on scala tympani • 9. hair cells are stimulated

Contraction of intrafusal muscle fibers are controlled by

Choose the best answer describing the corticospinal pathway

Upper motor neurons can be found making up the

Which of these occurs when light strikes photoreceptors?

You pass by the office of a practitioner of alternative medicine. A poster hanging in the window offers therapies that result in “activation of the brainstem and sacral portions of the spinal cord.” The poster is promoting methods that will result in enhanced activation of the _____________________________nervous system.

Which of the following statements with regard to vision is FALSE?

An EPSP

Which of the following is/are structural component of the limbic system? Check all that could apply,  ,

Which of the following is true?

Which of the following are considered to be part of the basal ganglia?Choose all that could apply,,

Nicotinic receptors:

Which of the following is accomplished by the pre-central gyrus?

Which of the following statements concerning the terminal ganglia is correct? Check all that could apply,,

Match the stimulus with the sensory receptor: oxygen concentration

Match the stimulus with the sensory receptor: heat and cold

Match the stimulus with the sensory receptor: light

Match the stimulus with the sensory receptor: solute concentration

Match the stimulus with the sensory receptor: skeletal muscle stretch

Match the stimulus with the sensory receptor: pain chemicals

Which of the following neurotransmitter receptors will typically be found within the sympathetic nervous division? Check all that could apply,,

The membrane potential of most neurons at rest is

Which of the following symptoms would a patient with a lesion (injury) that destroyed the right side of the spinal cord in the region of the upper back be most likely to experience?

If, during awake brain surgery, a doctor accidentally depolarized a neuron within the somatosensory cortex, which of these is most likely?

Hair cells in the semicircular canals detect changes in the rate of angular motion of the head, while the same kinds of cells in the utricle and saccule detect changes in the head's rate of linear motion.

Your friend is poking your skin with two pins a few millimeters apart at the same time. Visually, you can see there are two pins, but you can only feel a single pen poke. This is probably because:

The function of the tympanic membrane is to amplify sound waves on their way to the middle ear.

Certain smells can trigger shifts in emotional state (for example, the smell of a familiar place or a loved one’s clothing) because specific olfactory pathways synapse in the __________.

Which protein(s) are involved in the development of the resting membrane potential of a neuron? Choose all that could apply,,

The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is arranged so that it acts largely as a unit, whereas the components of the parasympathetic division generally act as discrete,independent components.

When you eat a spicy pepper, such as a jalepeño, why do you perceive heat in your mouth?

If you block Ca 2+ channels on an axon, which will not occur?

The _________________ is the single most important control area for regulating the homeostasis of the internal environment.

Fluid movement in the cochlea causes:Check all that could apply,,

The rods and cones synapse with _________ cells which in turn synapse with ________ cells before exiting the eye as the optic nerve.

Which is/are TRUE about the resting membrane potential? Check all that could apply,,

_______________________________ is the bending of light rays as they pass from one medium to another.

Which of the following does not occur in a photoreceptor during exposure to light?

Which best describes the process of "adaptation" in sensory receptors?

A threshold stimulus applied to an excitable membrane is one that is just sufficient to

Which is TRUE about typical, resting neurons?

Olfactory receptors:Choose all that could apply,,

Which is TRUE about the Na+, K+ ATPase pump in neurons?

Which is TRUE about receptor potentials?

Which is FALSE about interneurons?

Descending tracts

Match the neuron to the neurotransmitter its releases: sympathetic preganglionic fibers.

Match the neuron to the neurotransmitter its releases: parasympathetic preganglionic fibers.

Match the neuron to the neurotransmitter its releases: sympathetic postganglionic fibers.

Match the neuron to the neurotransmitter its releases: motor neurons.

Match the neuron to the neurotransmitter its releases: parasympathetic postganglionic fibers.

Which is an accurate description ofthe cortical association areas?

Sequence the following events correctly following the arrival of the action potential in the synaptic terminal. 1. Neurotransmitter diffuses across cleft. 2. Calcium induces exocytosis of neurotransmitter from the synaptic terminal. 3. Permeability and membrane potential of postsynaptic membrane altered. 4. Ion channels open. 5. Neurotransmitter binds to receptor on chemically-gated channel expressed on the target neuron.

Most of the parasympathetic ganglia lie in trunk-like chains found just outside the vertebral column.

The efferent division of the peripheral nervous system consists of the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.

The hypothalamus:Choose all that could apply,,

To see an object, for example a cat, and know that it is a cat that you have seen before, your brain receives and processes the visual input. Which brain areas are involved? Check all that would apply.,,

Put the following in the correct order for the activity of a photoreceptor in the "light" (2 points) • 1. cis-retinal absorbs light and shifts to trans-retinal form • 2.decrease in cGMP levels closes gated Na+ channels • 3. cGMP phosphodiesterase activity results in the breakdown of cGMP • 4. bleaching of opsin • 5. bipolar cells are no longer inhibited • 6. photoreceptor becomes hyperpolarized & glutamate release stops • 7. opsin activates transducin (a G protein) in the cell membrane of the disc • 8. transducin activates an effector protein called cGMP Phosphodiesterase • 9. ganglion cells generate AP • 10. processing of signals in primary visual cortex

Smell and taste require sensory receptors known as __________________________

Which of the following statements regarding sensory systems is correct?

The trigger zone of a neuron:Choose all that could apply,,

A person struggling with a stressful exam question might experience difficulty focusing her eyes on the paper because

Which of the following would be categorized as a ,,

Accommodation for near vision requires

A person whose lens focuses light from distant objects in front of (rather than on) the retina has a condition called