SMT 314 - Introduction to Cosmology » Fall 2020 » Exam 3
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Question #1
Which statement regarding deuterium is false?
A.
It has one more proton than an average hydrogen atom.
B.
It is an isotope of hydrogen.
C.
It has one neutron and one proton.
D.
It has one electron, so it is not an ion.
Question #2
Spherical aberration is a problem in ________________ telescopes and refers to __________________.
A.
refracting; the smearing of light due to atmospheric turbulence.
B.
space; the deformation of the glass due to the absence of gravity.
C.
refracting; different focal lengths for different wavelengths of light.
D.
reflecting; the smearing of light due to atmospheric turbulence.
E.
reflecting; differing focal points from different parts of the mirror.
Question #3
What parameters must be equal to obtain hydrostatic equilibrium? (Choose all correct answers),,
A.
gravity
B.
mass
C.
temperature
D.
pressure
Question #4
Which statement is false:
A.
a photo of the Sun with a x-ray filter will show the chromoshere
B.
the corona is the solar wind
C.
sunspots and heliosiesmology are associated with the photosphere
D.
the chromosphere is best viewed with a H-alpha filter
Question #5
Only fully formed stars are found on the main-sequence. Protosuns are not.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #6
At mid-northern latitudes (California), the full moon passes higher in the sky in winter than in summer.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #7
Ages of open star clusters can be determined by the length of their Main Sequence stars. If an open cluster has a few blue stars and many white, yellow & red dwarfs, what is the age?
A.
young (< millions of years)
B.
5 billion years
C.
> 10 billion years
Question #8
Continuous radiation (a stellar spectrum) from the photosphere of a star is called a blackbody curve. If a star has a surface temperature four times higher than that of our Sun, what is the most-likely color of the star?
A.
white
B.
red
C.
green
D.
blue
Question #9
To calculate the distance a star is from us, we measure the apparent magnitude and compare it to the absolute magnitude of the star. We know that the intensity, I, diminishes with increased distance, D, (I is inversely proportional to D2). Identify an object for which we know the absolute magnitude.
A.
binary stars
B.
long period variables
C.
brown giants
D.
Cepheids
Question #10
Massive stars live significantly longer lives than low-mass stars, since they have much more fuel available to them
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #11
Every star emits "black body" radiation described by Wein's Law: At the peak radiation, the wavelength is inversely proportional to:
A.
fusion density
B.
speed of light
C.
core temperature
D.
photosphere temperature
E.
emitted intensity
Question #12
What subatomic particles are found in an atomic nucleus? Mark all the correct answers.,,
A.
protons
B.
neutrons
C.
Bohr model
D.
valence shields
E.
electrons
Question #13
Which one of the following statements about the birth of stars is false?
A.
During gravitational contraction, the temperature in the core of a pre-main-sequence star decreases.
B.
Gravitational contraction of a pre-main-sequence star ceases once nuclear reaction begin.
C.
Contracting balls of gas with masses below about 75 Jupiter masses actually end up as brown dwarfs, not main-sequence stars.
D.
Stars form from gaint clouds of gas and dust whose collapse and fragmentation (clumping) are due to gravity.
Question #14
How many neutrons are in the nucleus of isotope ? Oxygen 18 is used to determine how much of the world's oceans were frozen during past ice ages.
A.
10
B.
8
C.
7
D.
18
Question #15
Inverse square law: If Stars Fred and Ernie have the same apparent brightness, but Star Fred is 4 times farther away from Earth than Star Ernie, then Star Ernie's luminosity (absolute magnitude) is _________ times the luminosity of Star Fred. o Earth * Ernie * Fred
A.
16
B.
4
C.
1/4
D.
1/16
Question #16
When we see other people, our eyes are detecting the visible light that each of us radiates as an approximate "blackbody" (thermal emitter).
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #17
The star Sirius has a brighter apparent magnitude than its absolute magnitude. Which statement is correct?
A.
Sirius is located less than 10 ps from Earth.
B.
This is an impossible situation. The apparent magnitude can't be more than the absolute magnitude.
C.
Sirius is located 10 ps from Earth.
D.
Sirius is located greater then 10 ps from Earth.
Question #18
Jovian planets have rings because
A.
their thick gaseous atmospheres would disintegrate any small rock that enter them
B.
Jovian planets rotate very rapidly, and some material near the equator of these planets was flung outward, forming the rings
C.
tidal forces prevent the material in rings from forming into moons
D.
tidal forces cause volcanic eruptions on some moons, and part of this material subsequently escaped the gravity of the moons, forming the rings.
E.
there is too much material to have fit into the ball of each planet
Question #19
The luminosity of a massive main-sequence stars are greater than those of low-mass main-sequence stars.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #20
Which planet's orbit is elliptical enough that the seasons are not equal in length?
A.
Venus
B.
Uranus
C.
Earth
D.
Mars
Question #21
If the spectrum of Star Amy peaks at optical wavelengths, and Star Johnny's surface is twice as hot as Amy's surface, then Johnny's spectrum peaks in the ultraviolet.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #22
Which statement is false:
A.
Hydrogen normally has one neutron.
B.
Hydrogen normally has one electron.
C.
Normal hydrogen is also called protium.
D.
Hydrogen normally has one proton.
Question #23
The resolution (clarity) of images obtained with large ground-based optical telescopes is generally degraded by turbulence in Earth's atmosphere, unless special correction techniques are used.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #24
If the spectral lines are shifted in color toward longer wavelengths, we can derive the speed of an astronomical object:
A.
toward us
B.
away from us
C.
not speed, but energies due to temperature
D.
across the field of view
Question #25
Which kind of star clusters have a few hundred stars and are located primarily in the galactic disk?
A.
megaclusters
B.
Mira clusters
C.
elliptical galaxies
D.
globular clusters
E.
open clusters
Question #26
During times of sunspot maximum, an unusually large number of prominences, solar flares, and coronal mass ejections also occur on the Sun.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #27
Which one the the following statements about atoms is false?
A.
An electron in an atom may absorb either part or all of the energy of a photon.
B.
Photon emission occurs randomly, in any direction.
C.
Each element produces a unique pattern of spectral lines, like a fingerprint.
D.
Absorption occurs when an electron in an atom jumps from a lower energy level to a higher energy level.
E.
Electrons have discrete energy levels.
Question #28
The type of spectral feature, usually observed from a hot gas without a star behind it, is an absorbtion line.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #29
The oscillating brightness light curves of RR Lyrae and Cepheid Variable stars identify known absolute magnitudes for these stars; so we can compare absolute and apparent magnitudes to estimate a star's ________.
A.
mass
B.
distance
C.
core temperature
D.
expansion/contraction
Question #30
When an atomic electron drops from a higher energy state to a lower energy state, it emits
A.
an electron
B.
a proton
C.
a photon
D.
a neutron
E.
an ion
Question #31
Thoroughly studying certain types of binary stars in the main way in which astronomers directly measure stellar masses.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #32
The 11-year sunspot cycle is driven by:
A.
nuclear explosions
B.
granulation oscillations
C.
differential rotation, winding up the magnetic fields
D.
a constant dipole magnetic field
E.
the Zeeman effect and the Maunder minimum
Question #33
Which celestial body has a retrograde rotation?
A.
Io
B.
Triton
C.
Uranus
D.
Venus
Question #34
Which fusion process occurs in our Sun?
A.
carbon-nitrogen-oxygen cycle
B.
proton-proton chain
C.
nucleosynthesis
D.
triple alpha process
Question #35
Isotopes are atoms:
A.
with extra protons
B.
with extra neutrons
C.
with extra electrons
D.
with extra neutrinos
Question #36
Protostars are born when:
A.
Dark clouds hide large gas balls that are ignited by passing stars.
B.
Gravity causes a cloud of gas & dust to collapse toward a center.
C.
An explosion throws out mass that settles as a star.
D.
A large gas ball spins out of a larger star when disrupted by a passing star.
Question #37
Brown dwarfs are formed by the same initial process that forms main-sequence stars, but they are less massive.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #38
An astrometric binary pair is identified by:
A.
varying star intensities
B.
converging spectral lines
C.
2 visible stars orbiting each other
D.
oscillatory (wobbly) star motions
Question #39
The Sun doesn't have a perfect blackbody spectrum because
A.
the relatively cool outer layers absorb photons emitted in the hot inner parts of the Sun, producing absorption lines.
B.
its core is much hotter than its surface, so the shape of the curve is distored.
C.
the coronal mass ejections interfere with the photons, adding too much noise to the spectrum.
D.
its spectrum consists of emission lines of the elements in the Sun, so there are some gaps.
E.
the Sun is too hot to radiate at all wavelengths.
Question #40
In some cases, radio telescopes at many different locations have been used together, combining the light, to produce images with much higher resolution than that of the individual telescopes
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #41
Suppose exoplanets Luke and Leia both orbit the same star. The orbital period of exoplanet Luke is five times longer than that of exoplanet Leia. Compared with exoplanet Luke, exoplanet Leia is _________ to its star.
A.
the same distance
B.
now way to tell with available data
C.
closer
D.
farther
Question #42
The retrograde motion of Pluto can be attributed to the relatively high eccentricity of its orbit around the Sun, as compared normal planets.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #43
Per photon, ultraviolet photons have more energy than radio photons
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #44
A binary star that varies in apparent brightness as one member of the binary passes in front of the other is
A.
impossible, unless at least one of the two stars if itself intrinsically variable.
B.
an astrometric binary
C.
a spectroscopic binary
D.
an eclipsing binary
E.
a visual binary
Question #45
The solar activity cycle has a period of about 11 years, including the magnetic pole reversal.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #46
In a vacuum, photons of higher energy:
A.
move faster than lower-energy photons.
B.
travel less distance between their source and the observer than lower-energy photons.
C.
are not as likely to become redshifted as lower-energy photons.
D.
have higher frequencies and shorter wavelengths than lower-energy photons.
E.
have more mass than lower-energy photons.
Question #47
Stars generate their energy through nuclear fission, the breaking apart of unstable, heavy elements into lighter ones.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #48
Which pair of scientific notation match 0.004 5 32,000
A.
4.5 x 10-4 32 x 103
B.
4.5 x 10-3 3.2 x 104
C.
4.5 x 103 32 x 103
D.
45 x 10-4 3.2 x 104
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