Bio 2050 - Anatomy and Physiology » Fall 2020 » RTS Chapter 12

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Question #1
A graph of an EPSP would plot time against a voltage trace that would resemble
A.   a valley where the low point approaches the threshold value.
B.   a hill where the high point approaches the threshold value.
C.   a hill where the high point is the farthest away from the threshold value.
D.   a valley where the low point is the farthest away from the threshold value.
Question #2
Voltage-gated sodium channels at a neuron's initial segment are triggered to open when the membrane becomes more positive.
A.   TRUE
B.   FALSE
Question #3
In order to trigger the release of neurotransmitter from a neuron terminal, calcium ions
A.   bind to ion channels on the neuron membrane and cause them to open for the transmitter.
B.   exit the synaptic knob through diffusion.
C.   bind to proteins on the surface of synaptic vesicles.
D.   penetrate the synaptic vesicles and bind to molecules of neurotransmitter.
Question #4
When a neuromodulator slows the reuptake of a neurotransmitter or causes expression of an increased number of receptors on postsynaptic neurons, the effect is called
A.   presynaptic potentiation.
B.   recruitment.
C.   spatial summation.
D.   facilitation.
E.   temporal summation.
Question #5
Hyperpolarization of a neuron results from
A.   either the entry of an anion or the exit of a cation.
B.   either the entry of a cation or the exit of an anion.
C.   the entry of any ion.
D.   the entrance of either sodium or potassium.
Question #6
When multiple presynaptic neurons release neurotransmitter at various locations onto the postsynaptic neuron at the same time, this results in
A.   spatial summation.
B.   temporal summation.
C.   suprathreshold hyperpolarization.
D.   several action potentials.
Question #7
The conductive segment of a neuron is its ________, a region that contains many ________ gated channels.
A.   dendrite, voltage-
B.   dendrite, chemically
C.   axon, chemically
D.   axon, voltage-
Question #8
A graded potential is one that
A.   lasts for several seconds after ion channels have opened, closed, and reset.
B.   travels the length of the nerve fiber (is long-distance).
C.   is all or none (always the same intensity).
D.   varies in size depending on the magnitude of the stimulus (larger voltage change for stronger stimulus).
Question #9
A neuron's membrane contains more potassium leak channels than sodium leak channels.
A.   TRUE
B.   FALSE
Question #10
Which occurs first?
A.   Absolute refractory period
B.   Relative refractory period
Question #11
The size of an EPSP is independent of the amount of excitatory neurotransmitter that is released by the presynaptic cell.
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE
Question #12
According to Ohm's law, current is
A.   directly related to both voltage and resistance.
B.   directly related to voltage and inversely related to resistance.
C.   inversely related to both voltage and resistance.
D.   indirectly related to voltage and directly related to resistance.
Question #13
Receptors are parts of the nervous system that allow it to
A.   conduct impulses to muscles.
B.   process information.
C.   initiate responses to information.
D.   collect information.
Question #14
The portion of the nervous system that has voluntary control over skeletal muscles is the ________ division.
A.   somatic motor
B.   somatic sensory
C.   autonomic motor
D.   visceral sensory
Question #15
What do all glial cells have in common?
A.   They transfer blood to the various neurons.
B.   They help to transmit the nerve signals.
C.   They all attack pathogens.
D.   They assist neurons in their respective functions.
E.   They absorb extra blood and cerebrospinal fluid.
Question #16
Fast axonal transport is
A.   passive and only occurs in the retrograde direction.
B.   active (requires ATP) and only occurs in the retrograde direction.
C.   active (requires ATP) and can occur in either the anterograde or retrograde direction.
D.   passive and only occurs in the anterograde direction.
E.   active (requires ATP) and only occurs in the anterograde direction.
Question #17
The nervous system contains more neurons than glial cells.
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE
Question #18
Continuous conduction of a nerve impulse occurs only along
A.   dendrites.
B.   unmyelinated axons.
C.   axons in the PNS.
D.   axons in the CNS.
E.   myelinated axons.
Question #19
Which part of the neuron contains the nucleus?
A.   Dendrite
B.   Soma
C.   Synaptic knob
D.   Axon
E.   Axon hillock
Question #20
A bipolar neuron has
A.   two axons extending from the cell body.
B.   two dendrites extending from the cell body.
C.   one axon and one dendrite extending from the cell body.
D.   a single short process that extends from the cell body and then splits into a peripheral and a central branch.

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