Bio 2050 - Anatomy and Physiology » Fall 2020 » RTS Chapter 12

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Question #1
A graph of an EPSP would plot time against a voltage trace that would resemble
A.   a valley where the low point approaches the threshold value.
B.   a valley where the low point is the farthest away from the threshold value.
C.   a hill where the high point approaches the threshold value.
D.   a hill where the high point is the farthest away from the threshold value.
Question #2
Voltage-gated sodium channels at a neuron's initial segment are triggered to open when the membrane becomes more positive.
A.   TRUE
B.   FALSE
Question #3
In order to trigger the release of neurotransmitter from a neuron terminal, calcium ions
A.   bind to proteins on the surface of synaptic vesicles.
B.   bind to ion channels on the neuron membrane and cause them to open for the transmitter.
C.   penetrate the synaptic vesicles and bind to molecules of neurotransmitter.
D.   exit the synaptic knob through diffusion.
Question #4
When a neuromodulator slows the reuptake of a neurotransmitter or causes expression of an increased number of receptors on postsynaptic neurons, the effect is called
A.   facilitation.
B.   temporal summation.
C.   spatial summation.
D.   recruitment.
E.   presynaptic potentiation.
Question #5
Hyperpolarization of a neuron results from
A.   the entry of any ion.
B.   either the entry of an anion or the exit of a cation.
C.   either the entry of a cation or the exit of an anion.
D.   the entrance of either sodium or potassium.
Question #6
When multiple presynaptic neurons release neurotransmitter at various locations onto the postsynaptic neuron at the same time, this results in
A.   several action potentials.
B.   suprathreshold hyperpolarization.
C.   spatial summation.
D.   temporal summation.
Question #7
The conductive segment of a neuron is its ________, a region that contains many ________ gated channels.
A.   axon, voltage-
B.   dendrite, chemically
C.   dendrite, voltage-
D.   axon, chemically
Question #8
A graded potential is one that
A.   varies in size depending on the magnitude of the stimulus (larger voltage change for stronger stimulus).
B.   lasts for several seconds after ion channels have opened, closed, and reset.
C.   is all or none (always the same intensity).
D.   travels the length of the nerve fiber (is long-distance).
Question #9
A neuron's membrane contains more potassium leak channels than sodium leak channels.
A.   TRUE
B.   FALSE
Question #10
Which occurs first?
A.   Relative refractory period
B.   Absolute refractory period
Question #11
The size of an EPSP is independent of the amount of excitatory neurotransmitter that is released by the presynaptic cell.
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE
Question #12
According to Ohm's law, current is
A.   directly related to both voltage and resistance.
B.   indirectly related to voltage and directly related to resistance.
C.   inversely related to both voltage and resistance.
D.   directly related to voltage and inversely related to resistance.
Question #13
Receptors are parts of the nervous system that allow it to
A.   process information.
B.   conduct impulses to muscles.
C.   initiate responses to information.
D.   collect information.
Question #14
The portion of the nervous system that has voluntary control over skeletal muscles is the ________ division.
A.   somatic sensory
B.   somatic motor
C.   autonomic motor
D.   visceral sensory
Question #15
What do all glial cells have in common?
A.   They all attack pathogens.
B.   They help to transmit the nerve signals.
C.   They absorb extra blood and cerebrospinal fluid.
D.   They assist neurons in their respective functions.
E.   They transfer blood to the various neurons.
Question #16
Fast axonal transport is
A.   passive and only occurs in the retrograde direction.
B.   passive and only occurs in the anterograde direction.
C.   active (requires ATP) and can occur in either the anterograde or retrograde direction.
D.   active (requires ATP) and only occurs in the retrograde direction.
E.   active (requires ATP) and only occurs in the anterograde direction.
Question #17
The nervous system contains more neurons than glial cells.
A.   TRUE
B.   FALSE
Question #18
Continuous conduction of a nerve impulse occurs only along
A.   axons in the CNS.
B.   unmyelinated axons.
C.   dendrites.
D.   axons in the PNS.
E.   myelinated axons.
Question #19
Which part of the neuron contains the nucleus?
A.   Axon hillock
B.   Soma
C.   Synaptic knob
D.   Axon
E.   Dendrite
Question #20
A bipolar neuron has
A.   two dendrites extending from the cell body.
B.   a single short process that extends from the cell body and then splits into a peripheral and a central branch.
C.   one axon and one dendrite extending from the cell body.
D.   two axons extending from the cell body.

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