A.   that it helps students focus on completing cognitively demanding tasks.

B.   the person scoring the test relies on stereotypes rather than the actual answers.

C.   the pressure leads to women doing better.

D.   that it takes away mental energy needed to complete cognitively demanding tasks.

A.   they quit the test halfway through.

B.   their scores went up.

C.   they scored the same as male students.

D.   their scores went down.

A.   women don’t want to be considered manly for liking math and science.

B.   men are afraid that they will commit sexual harassment without realizing it.

C.   girls score higher on math tests than boys.

D.   it contributes to domain disengagement from math and science.

A.   people with more pessimistic personalities do better on exams.

B.   people with more positive outlooks do worse on exams.

C.   having unrealistically positive views of yourself motivates effort and persistence on challenging tasks.

D.   if students feel more positively toward their teachers they will do better in the class.

A.   the large numbers of girls who drop out of high school compared to boys.

B.   the lower rates of college enrollment for girls than for boys.

C.   the fact that boy are less likely to graduate, have lower GPAs, and are more likely to be disciplined in school than girls.

D.   the fact that boys are exceeding girls in AP test scores across all subject areas.

A.   valuing an education over money.

B.   putting minimal effort into school.

C.   competing to be at the top of their class.

D.   working hard to get into college.

A.   commonsense

B.   a college education

C.   book smarts

D.   getting a good white collar job

A.   become an irrelevant measure

B.   decreased significantly

C.   increased significantly

D.   stayed about the same

A.   75% female.

B.   99% male.

C.   50% female.

D.   75% male.

A.   These jobs have high concentrations of women since they represent formerly unpaid tasks historically performed by women.

B.   there are not enough men of working age to fill all the new jobs.

C.   highly educated women are filling these jobs.

D.   these jobs are primarily being filled by college-educated men.

A.   employers make assumptions about how workers will perform based on the groups to which they belong.

B.   employers have a certain number of jobs that they must fill with a female candidate.

C.   employers make hiring decisions at random so as to not discriminate.

D.   employers have a certain number of jobs that they must fill with a candidate who is a person of color.

A.   when the supply of workers outpaces demand for the product.

B.   when large numbers of women enter it.

C.   when large number of men enter it.

D.   when the field grows so fast and cannot keep up with demand for workers.

A.   companies are afraid of reverse discrimination lawsuits.

B.   job growth overall has slowed.

C.   the majority of women are still stay-at-home mothers.

D.   women have crossed into male-dominated fields, but men have yet to move into female-dominated fields in similar numbers.

A.   they made up the majority of computer hardware engineers.

B.   of their general anti-social tendencies.

C.   they were considered creative risk-takers.

D.   of their greater attention to detail and patience.

A.   they face discrimination in the hiring process.

B.   many tech companies have a toxic culture of sexual harassment against women.

C.   women on average prefer people to things.

D.   they are told that computer engineering is not “for girls.”

A.   how the legal system works to remove sexual harassers immediately.

B.   given the benefit of the doubt when they report sexual harassment.

C.   how seriously large companies take women’s safety.

D.   how women who report sexual harassment are silenced and retaliated against.