Psychology 001 - General Psychology » Fall 2020 » Module 5 Exam
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Question #1
Mark typically responds to stress in a calm and thoughtful manner. Chandler usually becomes agitated. The reactions of Mark and Chandler indicate that each has a distinctive
A.
projection.
B.
reaction formation.
C.
personality.
D.
self-serving bias.
Question #2
Freud called his theory of personality and the associated treatment techniques
A.
psychoanalysis.
B.
a trait perspective.
C.
a humanistic theory.
D.
a social-cognitive theory.
Question #3
The belief that some distressing physical symptoms made no neurological sense contributed most directly to
A.
Bandura's interest in reciprocal determinism.
B.
Maslow's interest in self-actualization.
C.
Allport's interest in personality traits.
D.
Freud's interest in unconscious conflicts.
Question #4
After recalling a vivid dream image, Angie's therapist instructs her to close her eyes and report any other images, words, or thoughts that come to mind at that moment. The therapist is using a procedure called
A.
identification.
B.
free association.
C.
reaction formation.
D.
factor analysis.
Question #5
In suggesting that the mind is mostly hidden, Freud was most clearly emphasizing the importance of the
A.
erogenous zone.
B.
spotlight effect.
C.
psychosexual stages.
D.
unconscious.
Question #6
The image of an iceberg is frequently used to illustrate ________ idea of the mind's structure.
A.
Allport's
B.
Freud's
C.
Bandura's
D.
Maslow's
Question #7
Shortly after receiving a traffic ticket for speeding, Fred made numerous hostile comments to his wife about the incompetence of women drivers. Fred's comments illustrate most clearly the defense mechanism of
A.
displacement.
B.
identification.
C.
reaction formation.
D.
rationalization.
Question #8
Both Karen Horney and Alfred Adler placed greater emphasis than did Freud on the role of ________ in personality development.
A.
social interactions
B.
the collective unconscious
C.
genetic predispositions
D.
defense mechanisms
Question #9
Which neo-Freudian introduced the concept of an inferiority complex?
A.
Carl Jung
B.
Alfred Adler
C.
Karen Horney
D.
Hermann Rorschach
Question #10
Neo-Freudians such as ________ were among the first to highlight a masculine bias in Freud's theories.
A.
Carl Rogers
B.
Hazel Markus
C.
Walter Mischel
D.
Karen Horney
Question #11
Celine recently had a vivid dream that was strikingly similar to an ancient religious myth. This coincidence would have been of particular interest to
A.
Gordon Allport.
B.
Carl Jung.
C.
Alfred Adler.
D.
Karen Horney.
Question #12
Rona was asked by her psychotherapist to describe what she saw in 10 ambiguous inkblots. Rona was most likely responding to a(n) ________ test.
A.
projective
B.
empirically derived
C.
multiphasic personality
D.
self-esteem
Question #13
Which theory has been most severely criticized for offering after-the-fact explanations without advancing testable predictions?
A.
humanistic theory
B.
trait theory
C.
social-cognitive theory
D.
psychoanalytic theory
Question #14
Which personality theory emphasizes the importance of our capacity for healthy growth and self-realization?
A.
social-cognitive
B.
trait
C.
humanistic
D.
psychoanalytic
Question #15
Who proposed that we are motivated by a hierarchy of needs?
A.
Carl Rogers
B.
Albert Bandura
C.
Sigmund Freud
D.
Abraham Maslow
Question #16
According to Maslow, the desire to fulfill one's potential is the motivation for
A.
reciprocal determinism.
B.
self-actualization.
C.
self-esteem.
D.
unconditional positive regard
Question #17
Carl Rogers emphasized that a positive self-concept is promoted by
A.
self-transcendence.
B.
free association.
C.
unconditional positive regard.
D.
reciprocal determinism.
Question #18
Carl Rogers suggested that those who fall far short of their ideal self experience
A.
a weak superego.
B.
self-transcendence.
C.
a self-serving bias.
D.
a negative self-concept.
Question #19
Rogers' and Maslow's emphasis on developing human strengths laid the groundwork for today's
A.
psychodynamic theory.
B.
cognitive neuroscience.
C.
neo-Freudian perspective.
D.
positive psychology.
Question #20
Which theorists have been criticized for underestimating the human predisposition to engage in destructive and evil behaviors?
A.
humanistic theorists
B.
psychodynamic theorists
C.
social-cognitive theorists
D.
trait theorists
Question #21
Kelsey is consistently optimistic, talkative, and impulsive. Each of these characteristics most clearly represents a
A.
trait.
B.
defense mechanism.
C.
fixation.
D.
self-serving bias.
Question #22
Evidence of the impact of biology on personality traits includes the fact that
A.
introverts seek stimulation because their normal brain arousal is relatively high.
B.
introverts seek stimulation because their normal brain arousal is relatively low.
C.
extraverts seek stimulation because their normal brain arousal is relatively low.
D.
extraverts seek stimulation because their normal brain arousal is relatively high.
Question #23
Merri is a very kind and compassionate person who gives generously to others who are in need. She most clearly ranks high on the Big Five trait dimension known as
A.
openness.
B.
agreeableness.
C.
conscientiousness.
D.
extraversion
Question #24
Which of the following Big Five trait dimensions is most descriptive of an individual who is organized and disciplined in managing his or her work?
A.
extraversion
B.
openness
C.
agreeableness
D.
conscientiousness
Question #25
A highly anxious and insecure personality illustrates the Big Five trait dimension of
A.
extraversion.
B.
agreeableness.
C.
neuroticism.
D.
openness.
Question #26
Because she is often rejected by her parents, Sally mistrusts other people and treats them with hostility, which leads to their rejection of her. This cycle of rejection, mistrust, hostility, and further rejection illustrates what is meant by
A.
the spotlight effect.
B.
self-transcendence.
C.
reaction formation.
D.
reciprocal determinism.
Question #27
Katrinka habitually makes nasty, hostile comments about her teachers. Freud would have suggested that her behavior illustrates the powerful influence of the
A.
id.
B.
ego.
C.
spotlight effect.
D.
superego.
Question #28
The pleasure principle is to the ________ as the reality principle is to the ________.
A.
id; superego
B.
id; ego
C.
conscious; unconscious
D.
Oedipus complex; Electra complex
Question #29
While attending college, Saeb impulsively and carelessly spends all his time and money on “wine, women, and song.” Freud would have suggested that Saeb shows signs of a(n)
A.
strong ego.
B.
weak superego.
C.
Electra complex.
D.
weak id.
Question #30
Although Garth wants to have sex with his girlfriend, he also wants to avoid premarital sex. Freud would have suggested that both desires might be partially satisfied by Garth's
A.
superego.
B.
id.
C.
ego.
D.
Oedipus complex.
Question #31
Four-year-old John is very competitive with his father in trying to gain more attention from his mother. Freud would have suggested that John is going through the ________ stage of development.
A.
anal
B.
oral
C.
phallic
D.
latency
Question #32
Some psychoanalysts of Freud's era claimed that girls experienced an Electra complex involving an unconscious
A.
sexual desire for their father.
B.
hostility toward their father.
C.
denial of their femininity.
D.
identification with their father.
Question #33
Freud suggested that a man's inability to remember his childhood Oedipus complex illustrates
A.
repression.
B.
displacement.
C.
projection.
D.
rationalization.
Question #34
Freud emphasized that unresolved childhood conflicts often lead to
A.
free association.
B.
unconditional positive regard.
C.
fixation.
D.
reciprocal determinism.
Question #35
Jeremy consistently attributes his poor work performance to his own incompetence. This most clearly indicates that he experiences a low level of
A.
agreeableness.
B.
projection.
C.
neuroticism.
D.
self-efficacy.
Question #36
In a collectivist culture, individuals are likely to avoid
A.
embarrassing other people.
B.
displaying personal humility.
C.
prolonging conversations.
D.
all of these behaviors.
Question #37
Many North American parents want to pick names for their children that sound unique or are spelled in an unusual way. This desire best illustrates one of the consequences of
A.
neuroticism.
B.
free association.
C.
the false consensus effect.
D.
individualism.
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