A.   are referred to as status offenses

B.   are prohibited for juveniles

C.   are not illegal when done by adults

D.   all of the above

A.   negative norms

B.   proscriptive norms

C.   prescriptive norms

D.   outdated

A.   it produces results

B.   it yields the same results upon repetition of the measuring procedure or repetition by other investigators

C.   it in fact measures whatever it is supposed to measure

D.   the average person believes it

A.   because of their seriousness, frequency of occurrence, and likelihood of being reported to the police

B.   only because of the frequency of occurrence

C.   only because of their seriousness

D.   only because of the likelihood of being reported to the police

A.   dismiss the case

B.   divert the matter away from the court system

C.   send the juvenile directly to juvenile detention or foster care

D.   let the parents handle the case

A.   victims distrust surveys

B.   victims really do not care to answer the questions

C.   victims have never filed any police complaint

D.   victims are the only source of information

A.   result in the elimination of the Juvenile court system altogether

B.   only further encourage juveniles to break the law, as well as to hide their behavior better

C.   not only encourage the reformation of offenders, but discourage criminality in the general populace

D.   jam up the court system so much that most juvenile offenders would be adults before their case was heard in court

A.   adopted by all foreign scholars as definitive conclusions concerning the cause of criminal behavior

B.   totally ignored

C.   subjected to intense scrutiny and criticism by subsequent investigators

D.   accepted by most criminologists

A.   normal behavior

B.   social indifference

C.   deviant behavior

D.   personality

A.   normal childhood behavior and boys will be boys

B.   bullies, victims, and interlopers

C.   conduct disorder , diagnosis , and the later stages

D.   adults, adolescents, children and juveniles

A.   neglect the causes of juvenile delinquency

B.   are not unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

C.   are unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

D.   prefer not to comment on the causes of juvenile delinquency

A.   people will reach out to social institutions such as the family and religion in order to regain a sense of stability

B.   the rules that restrain us from socially unacceptable acts can become weak or suspended

C.   the police and military must then take over in order to preserve social stability

D.   suicide rates drop dramatically

A.   arrest rates

B.   prevailing social conditions

C.   economic status

D.   local government

A.   retreatism

B.   innovation

C.   conformity

D.   ritualism

A.   retreatism

B.   centralism

C.   ritualism

D.   rebellion

A.   middle class juveniles

B.   the behavior of lower class juveniles

C.   abused children

D.   average boys.

A.   conflict-oriented gang

B.   rebellion-oriented gang

C.   retreatist-oriented gang

D.   crime-oriented gang

A.   uniform throughout the population

B.   really not that important

C.   not uniform throughout the population

D.   not identifiable

A.   in jail

B.   in the suburbs

C.   in areas adjacent to the central business district and to heavy industrial areas

D.   in the rural outreaches of the city

A.   Cambodian

B.   Chinese

C.   Korean

D.   Japanese

A.   politicization

B.   characterization

C.   crystallization

D.   socialization

A.   can never become a law-abiding citizen

B.   will become a ward of the state

C.   loses interest in society

D.   slips into juvenile delinquency

A.   are ignored by most youth

B.   can become viable role models for some youngsters

C.   have no effect on females

D.   have no effect on juveniles

A.   they have a strong religious background

B.   come from a hard-working background

C.   they have been rewarded for doing so

D.   they come from a wealthy background

A.   mental conflict and anxiety

B.   pride and self-worth

C.   alienation and frustration

D.   membership in a street gang or participation in a criminal subculture

A.   represents the ability of a person to resist temptations

B.   does not vary among individuals

C.   applies only to juveniles

D.   cannot be applied to juveniles

A.   denial of harm

B.   denial of responsibility

C.   appeal to higher loyalties

D.   condemning the condemner

A.   locked into a particular situation

B.   unchanging

C.   an immoral person

D.   occasionally free to "drift"

A.   They have strong social bonds

B.   They have relatively weak social bonds and consequently feel little remorse for violations of generally accepted social standards

C.   They have a great deal of remorse

D.   They have absolutely no social bonds

A.   rejected the notion that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

B.   supported the social control theorists' explanations of juvenile delinquency

C.   accepted the idea that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

D.   were not interested in delinquency

A.   only social expectations

B.   social status, social roles, and social expectations

C.   only social status

D.   only social roles

A.   situations can cause serious consequences

B.   when people define a situation as real, it becomes real in its consequences

C.   no situation is ever the same

D.   situations are defined differently

A.   relative unimportance

B.   causing a variety of activities

C.   a catalyst for eliciting future behavior of the prescribed kind

D.   having no effect on future behavior

A.   the treatment of the offender that makes a hardened criminal out of the accidental or occasional one

B.   the privileges given to incarcerated individuals

C.   the type of prison used to incarcerate convicted felons

D.   the type of treatment used to incarcerate those convicted of misdemeanors

A.   special privileges should be given to special prisoners

B.   inadequate medical care in prison

C.   the greater evil lies in the societal treatment, not in the original act

D.   solitary confinement

A.   when the deviant act is committed by a person under the age of ten

B.   when an individual's self-concept is altered and the deviant role is personally assumed

C.   when a deviant act is instigated by the parent

D.   when an individual may commit a deviant act (or several deviant acts but does not internalize the deviant self-concept and continues to occupy the role of conformist

A.   deviance, like beauty, exists in the eyes of the beholder

B.   deviance cannot be seen

C.   deviance is the same to all

D.   deviance really does not exist

A.   suggestion that there is a difference between a deviant identity and deviant career

B.   idea that people from the same environment are motivated by different factors

C.   notion of a developmental process that precedes the attainment of a deviant or delinquent identity and career

D.   view that delinquents eventually outgrow their deviancy and conform to the values of society

A.   is accepted by all sociologists as a valid explanation of delinquency

B.   departs from more established and accepted criminological theories

C.   conforms to the more accepted criminological theories

D.   is no longer important

A.   personal health

B.   the youth's relative position among other teenagers

C.   religiosity

D.   level of educational attainment

A.   portraying delinquents as dangerous threats to social order

B.   programs that are focused on education

C.   children who are overly anxious about crime

D.   real-life delinquent activities as fun and entertaining

A.   antisocial behaviors at an early age and persist through their entire life

B.   criminal behaviors due to mental illness not detected in infancy

C.   criminal behaviors throughout their adult years but were never delinquent as teens

D.   delinquency during adolescence but do not go on to commit more crimes as adults

A.   the responsibility of such choices can be blamed on society

B.   the responsibility for such choices can never be fully understood

C.   the responsibility and accountability is directly on him/her

D.   the responsibility is on both the individual and society

A.   an individual from committing similar acts in the future

B.   individuals who are still in school from committing delinquent acts

C.   others from committing similar acts

D.   all of the above apply

A.   deterrence theory

B.   feminist theory

C.   deterrence and rational theory

D.   rational choice theory

A.   their appearance

B.   their athletic abilities

C.   their relations with others

D.   their academic abilities

A.   relational aggression

B.   indirect aggression

C.   social aggression

D.   physical aggression

A.   frustration hypothesis

B.   liberation hypothesis

C.   maturation hypothesis

D.   gender gap hypothesis

A.   male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

B.   females being treated with more leniency by police

C.   females being suspected less for criminal behavior

D.   females being suspected less for criminal behavior and male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

A.   the media

B.   sociobiology

C.   heredity

D.   sociobiology and heredity