A.   are prohibited for juveniles

B.   are not illegal when done by adults

C.   are referred to as status offenses

D.   all of the above

A.   outdated

B.   prescriptive norms

C.   negative norms

D.   proscriptive norms

A.   the average person believes it

B.   it in fact measures whatever it is supposed to measure

C.   it yields the same results upon repetition of the measuring procedure or repetition by other investigators

D.   it produces results

A.   only because of their seriousness

B.   only because of the likelihood of being reported to the police

C.   only because of the frequency of occurrence

D.   because of their seriousness, frequency of occurrence, and likelihood of being reported to the police

A.   dismiss the case

B.   divert the matter away from the court system

C.   let the parents handle the case

D.   send the juvenile directly to juvenile detention or foster care

A.   victims really do not care to answer the questions

B.   victims have never filed any police complaint

C.   victims are the only source of information

D.   victims distrust surveys

A.   jam up the court system so much that most juvenile offenders would be adults before their case was heard in court

B.   only further encourage juveniles to break the law, as well as to hide their behavior better

C.   not only encourage the reformation of offenders, but discourage criminality in the general populace

D.   result in the elimination of the Juvenile court system altogether

A.   accepted by most criminologists

B.   adopted by all foreign scholars as definitive conclusions concerning the cause of criminal behavior

C.   subjected to intense scrutiny and criticism by subsequent investigators

D.   totally ignored

A.   normal behavior

B.   deviant behavior

C.   social indifference

D.   personality

A.   bullies, victims, and interlopers

B.   adults, adolescents, children and juveniles

C.   normal childhood behavior and boys will be boys

D.   conduct disorder , diagnosis , and the later stages

A.   prefer not to comment on the causes of juvenile delinquency

B.   are unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

C.   are not unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

D.   neglect the causes of juvenile delinquency

A.   people will reach out to social institutions such as the family and religion in order to regain a sense of stability

B.   suicide rates drop dramatically

C.   the rules that restrain us from socially unacceptable acts can become weak or suspended

D.   the police and military must then take over in order to preserve social stability

A.   prevailing social conditions

B.   arrest rates

C.   local government

D.   economic status

A.   conformity

B.   retreatism

C.   ritualism

D.   innovation

A.   ritualism

B.   retreatism

C.   rebellion

D.   centralism

A.   the behavior of lower class juveniles

B.   middle class juveniles

C.   average boys.

D.   abused children

A.   retreatist-oriented gang

B.   crime-oriented gang

C.   conflict-oriented gang

D.   rebellion-oriented gang

A.   not uniform throughout the population

B.   not identifiable

C.   uniform throughout the population

D.   really not that important

A.   in jail

B.   in areas adjacent to the central business district and to heavy industrial areas

C.   in the rural outreaches of the city

D.   in the suburbs

A.   Korean

B.   Chinese

C.   Japanese

D.   Cambodian

A.   characterization

B.   politicization

C.   socialization

D.   crystallization

A.   slips into juvenile delinquency

B.   will become a ward of the state

C.   loses interest in society

D.   can never become a law-abiding citizen

A.   have no effect on females

B.   can become viable role models for some youngsters

C.   have no effect on juveniles

D.   are ignored by most youth

A.   come from a hard-working background

B.   they have been rewarded for doing so

C.   they come from a wealthy background

D.   they have a strong religious background

A.   membership in a street gang or participation in a criminal subculture

B.   mental conflict and anxiety

C.   pride and self-worth

D.   alienation and frustration

A.   does not vary among individuals

B.   cannot be applied to juveniles

C.   applies only to juveniles

D.   represents the ability of a person to resist temptations

A.   condemning the condemner

B.   denial of responsibility

C.   denial of harm

D.   appeal to higher loyalties

A.   an immoral person

B.   locked into a particular situation

C.   occasionally free to "drift"

D.   unchanging

A.   They have relatively weak social bonds and consequently feel little remorse for violations of generally accepted social standards

B.   They have absolutely no social bonds

C.   They have a great deal of remorse

D.   They have strong social bonds

A.   were not interested in delinquency

B.   accepted the idea that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

C.   supported the social control theorists' explanations of juvenile delinquency

D.   rejected the notion that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

A.   social status, social roles, and social expectations

B.   only social status

C.   only social expectations

D.   only social roles

A.   no situation is ever the same

B.   when people define a situation as real, it becomes real in its consequences

C.   situations can cause serious consequences

D.   situations are defined differently

A.   relative unimportance

B.   a catalyst for eliciting future behavior of the prescribed kind

C.   having no effect on future behavior

D.   causing a variety of activities

A.   the type of prison used to incarcerate convicted felons

B.   the type of treatment used to incarcerate those convicted of misdemeanors

C.   the privileges given to incarcerated individuals

D.   the treatment of the offender that makes a hardened criminal out of the accidental or occasional one

A.   solitary confinement

B.   the greater evil lies in the societal treatment, not in the original act

C.   special privileges should be given to special prisoners

D.   inadequate medical care in prison

A.   when the deviant act is committed by a person under the age of ten

B.   when an individual may commit a deviant act (or several deviant acts but does not internalize the deviant self-concept and continues to occupy the role of conformist

C.   when a deviant act is instigated by the parent

D.   when an individual's self-concept is altered and the deviant role is personally assumed

A.   deviance, like beauty, exists in the eyes of the beholder

B.   deviance really does not exist

C.   deviance is the same to all

D.   deviance cannot be seen

A.   suggestion that there is a difference between a deviant identity and deviant career

B.   view that delinquents eventually outgrow their deviancy and conform to the values of society

C.   notion of a developmental process that precedes the attainment of a deviant or delinquent identity and career

D.   idea that people from the same environment are motivated by different factors

A.   conforms to the more accepted criminological theories

B.   departs from more established and accepted criminological theories

C.   is accepted by all sociologists as a valid explanation of delinquency

D.   is no longer important

A.   personal health

B.   the youth's relative position among other teenagers

C.   religiosity

D.   level of educational attainment

A.   children who are overly anxious about crime

B.   programs that are focused on education

C.   real-life delinquent activities as fun and entertaining

D.   portraying delinquents as dangerous threats to social order

A.   criminal behaviors throughout their adult years but were never delinquent as teens

B.   criminal behaviors due to mental illness not detected in infancy

C.   delinquency during adolescence but do not go on to commit more crimes as adults

D.   antisocial behaviors at an early age and persist through their entire life

A.   the responsibility and accountability is directly on him/her

B.   the responsibility for such choices can never be fully understood

C.   the responsibility is on both the individual and society

D.   the responsibility of such choices can be blamed on society

A.   individuals who are still in school from committing delinquent acts

B.   others from committing similar acts

C.   an individual from committing similar acts in the future

D.   all of the above apply

A.   feminist theory

B.   deterrence and rational theory

C.   deterrence theory

D.   rational choice theory

A.   their academic abilities

B.   their athletic abilities

C.   their relations with others

D.   their appearance

A.   indirect aggression

B.   physical aggression

C.   relational aggression

D.   social aggression

A.   liberation hypothesis

B.   frustration hypothesis

C.   gender gap hypothesis

D.   maturation hypothesis

A.   females being suspected less for criminal behavior

B.   male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

C.   females being treated with more leniency by police

D.   females being suspected less for criminal behavior and male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

A.   sociobiology and heredity

B.   heredity

C.   sociobiology

D.   the media