A.   are not illegal when done by adults

B.   are prohibited for juveniles

C.   are referred to as status offenses

D.   all of the above

A.   outdated

B.   prescriptive norms

C.   negative norms

D.   proscriptive norms

A.   it yields the same results upon repetition of the measuring procedure or repetition by other investigators

B.   it produces results

C.   the average person believes it

D.   it in fact measures whatever it is supposed to measure

A.   because of their seriousness, frequency of occurrence, and likelihood of being reported to the police

B.   only because of the frequency of occurrence

C.   only because of the likelihood of being reported to the police

D.   only because of their seriousness

A.   send the juvenile directly to juvenile detention or foster care

B.   let the parents handle the case

C.   divert the matter away from the court system

D.   dismiss the case

A.   victims have never filed any police complaint

B.   victims really do not care to answer the questions

C.   victims are the only source of information

D.   victims distrust surveys

A.   not only encourage the reformation of offenders, but discourage criminality in the general populace

B.   result in the elimination of the Juvenile court system altogether

C.   jam up the court system so much that most juvenile offenders would be adults before their case was heard in court

D.   only further encourage juveniles to break the law, as well as to hide their behavior better

A.   adopted by all foreign scholars as definitive conclusions concerning the cause of criminal behavior

B.   accepted by most criminologists

C.   totally ignored

D.   subjected to intense scrutiny and criticism by subsequent investigators

A.   normal behavior

B.   deviant behavior

C.   personality

D.   social indifference

A.   adults, adolescents, children and juveniles

B.   normal childhood behavior and boys will be boys

C.   conduct disorder , diagnosis , and the later stages

D.   bullies, victims, and interlopers

A.   are unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

B.   neglect the causes of juvenile delinquency

C.   prefer not to comment on the causes of juvenile delinquency

D.   are not unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

A.   people will reach out to social institutions such as the family and religion in order to regain a sense of stability

B.   the police and military must then take over in order to preserve social stability

C.   suicide rates drop dramatically

D.   the rules that restrain us from socially unacceptable acts can become weak or suspended

A.   arrest rates

B.   prevailing social conditions

C.   economic status

D.   local government

A.   retreatism

B.   ritualism

C.   conformity

D.   innovation

A.   rebellion

B.   centralism

C.   ritualism

D.   retreatism

A.   average boys.

B.   abused children

C.   middle class juveniles

D.   the behavior of lower class juveniles

A.   rebellion-oriented gang

B.   conflict-oriented gang

C.   crime-oriented gang

D.   retreatist-oriented gang

A.   really not that important

B.   not uniform throughout the population

C.   uniform throughout the population

D.   not identifiable

A.   in jail

B.   in the rural outreaches of the city

C.   in the suburbs

D.   in areas adjacent to the central business district and to heavy industrial areas

A.   Chinese

B.   Cambodian

C.   Korean

D.   Japanese

A.   socialization

B.   characterization

C.   politicization

D.   crystallization

A.   can never become a law-abiding citizen

B.   will become a ward of the state

C.   loses interest in society

D.   slips into juvenile delinquency

A.   are ignored by most youth

B.   have no effect on juveniles

C.   can become viable role models for some youngsters

D.   have no effect on females

A.   come from a hard-working background

B.   they come from a wealthy background

C.   they have a strong religious background

D.   they have been rewarded for doing so

A.   mental conflict and anxiety

B.   alienation and frustration

C.   membership in a street gang or participation in a criminal subculture

D.   pride and self-worth

A.   cannot be applied to juveniles

B.   does not vary among individuals

C.   represents the ability of a person to resist temptations

D.   applies only to juveniles

A.   appeal to higher loyalties

B.   condemning the condemner

C.   denial of responsibility

D.   denial of harm

A.   unchanging

B.   an immoral person

C.   locked into a particular situation

D.   occasionally free to "drift"

A.   They have absolutely no social bonds

B.   They have strong social bonds

C.   They have a great deal of remorse

D.   They have relatively weak social bonds and consequently feel little remorse for violations of generally accepted social standards

A.   rejected the notion that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

B.   were not interested in delinquency

C.   accepted the idea that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

D.   supported the social control theorists' explanations of juvenile delinquency

A.   only social status

B.   only social expectations

C.   only social roles

D.   social status, social roles, and social expectations

A.   situations can cause serious consequences

B.   situations are defined differently

C.   no situation is ever the same

D.   when people define a situation as real, it becomes real in its consequences

A.   causing a variety of activities

B.   a catalyst for eliciting future behavior of the prescribed kind

C.   having no effect on future behavior

D.   relative unimportance

A.   the type of prison used to incarcerate convicted felons

B.   the privileges given to incarcerated individuals

C.   the type of treatment used to incarcerate those convicted of misdemeanors

D.   the treatment of the offender that makes a hardened criminal out of the accidental or occasional one

A.   solitary confinement

B.   the greater evil lies in the societal treatment, not in the original act

C.   special privileges should be given to special prisoners

D.   inadequate medical care in prison

A.   when an individual's self-concept is altered and the deviant role is personally assumed

B.   when an individual may commit a deviant act (or several deviant acts but does not internalize the deviant self-concept and continues to occupy the role of conformist

C.   when the deviant act is committed by a person under the age of ten

D.   when a deviant act is instigated by the parent

A.   deviance really does not exist

B.   deviance is the same to all

C.   deviance cannot be seen

D.   deviance, like beauty, exists in the eyes of the beholder

A.   view that delinquents eventually outgrow their deviancy and conform to the values of society

B.   suggestion that there is a difference between a deviant identity and deviant career

C.   notion of a developmental process that precedes the attainment of a deviant or delinquent identity and career

D.   idea that people from the same environment are motivated by different factors

A.   departs from more established and accepted criminological theories

B.   conforms to the more accepted criminological theories

C.   is accepted by all sociologists as a valid explanation of delinquency

D.   is no longer important

A.   level of educational attainment

B.   personal health

C.   the youth's relative position among other teenagers

D.   religiosity

A.   children who are overly anxious about crime

B.   portraying delinquents as dangerous threats to social order

C.   programs that are focused on education

D.   real-life delinquent activities as fun and entertaining

A.   criminal behaviors throughout their adult years but were never delinquent as teens

B.   criminal behaviors due to mental illness not detected in infancy

C.   antisocial behaviors at an early age and persist through their entire life

D.   delinquency during adolescence but do not go on to commit more crimes as adults

A.   the responsibility of such choices can be blamed on society

B.   the responsibility for such choices can never be fully understood

C.   the responsibility and accountability is directly on him/her

D.   the responsibility is on both the individual and society

A.   individuals who are still in school from committing delinquent acts

B.   others from committing similar acts

C.   an individual from committing similar acts in the future

D.   all of the above apply

A.   rational choice theory

B.   deterrence theory

C.   feminist theory

D.   deterrence and rational theory

A.   their relations with others

B.   their appearance

C.   their academic abilities

D.   their athletic abilities

A.   indirect aggression

B.   relational aggression

C.   physical aggression

D.   social aggression

A.   liberation hypothesis

B.   frustration hypothesis

C.   maturation hypothesis

D.   gender gap hypothesis

A.   females being suspected less for criminal behavior

B.   females being suspected less for criminal behavior and male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

C.   females being treated with more leniency by police

D.   male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

A.   sociobiology

B.   the media

C.   heredity

D.   sociobiology and heredity