A.   are referred to as status offenses

B.   are not illegal when done by adults

C.   are prohibited for juveniles

D.   all of the above

A.   negative norms

B.   proscriptive norms

C.   outdated

D.   prescriptive norms

A.   it produces results

B.   the average person believes it

C.   it yields the same results upon repetition of the measuring procedure or repetition by other investigators

D.   it in fact measures whatever it is supposed to measure

A.   only because of the frequency of occurrence

B.   because of their seriousness, frequency of occurrence, and likelihood of being reported to the police

C.   only because of the likelihood of being reported to the police

D.   only because of their seriousness

A.   send the juvenile directly to juvenile detention or foster care

B.   let the parents handle the case

C.   dismiss the case

D.   divert the matter away from the court system

A.   victims distrust surveys

B.   victims have never filed any police complaint

C.   victims are the only source of information

D.   victims really do not care to answer the questions

A.   result in the elimination of the Juvenile court system altogether

B.   only further encourage juveniles to break the law, as well as to hide their behavior better

C.   jam up the court system so much that most juvenile offenders would be adults before their case was heard in court

D.   not only encourage the reformation of offenders, but discourage criminality in the general populace

A.   accepted by most criminologists

B.   totally ignored

C.   subjected to intense scrutiny and criticism by subsequent investigators

D.   adopted by all foreign scholars as definitive conclusions concerning the cause of criminal behavior

A.   deviant behavior

B.   social indifference

C.   personality

D.   normal behavior

A.   bullies, victims, and interlopers

B.   conduct disorder , diagnosis , and the later stages

C.   adults, adolescents, children and juveniles

D.   normal childhood behavior and boys will be boys

A.   prefer not to comment on the causes of juvenile delinquency

B.   neglect the causes of juvenile delinquency

C.   are not unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

D.   are unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

A.   the police and military must then take over in order to preserve social stability

B.   the rules that restrain us from socially unacceptable acts can become weak or suspended

C.   suicide rates drop dramatically

D.   people will reach out to social institutions such as the family and religion in order to regain a sense of stability

A.   economic status

B.   local government

C.   prevailing social conditions

D.   arrest rates

A.   innovation

B.   retreatism

C.   ritualism

D.   conformity

A.   ritualism

B.   rebellion

C.   retreatism

D.   centralism

A.   the behavior of lower class juveniles

B.   average boys.

C.   abused children

D.   middle class juveniles

A.   conflict-oriented gang

B.   rebellion-oriented gang

C.   retreatist-oriented gang

D.   crime-oriented gang

A.   not uniform throughout the population

B.   really not that important

C.   not identifiable

D.   uniform throughout the population

A.   in jail

B.   in areas adjacent to the central business district and to heavy industrial areas

C.   in the suburbs

D.   in the rural outreaches of the city

A.   Cambodian

B.   Japanese

C.   Korean

D.   Chinese

A.   crystallization

B.   socialization

C.   characterization

D.   politicization

A.   loses interest in society

B.   will become a ward of the state

C.   slips into juvenile delinquency

D.   can never become a law-abiding citizen

A.   have no effect on females

B.   have no effect on juveniles

C.   are ignored by most youth

D.   can become viable role models for some youngsters

A.   they have been rewarded for doing so

B.   they come from a wealthy background

C.   come from a hard-working background

D.   they have a strong religious background

A.   mental conflict and anxiety

B.   membership in a street gang or participation in a criminal subculture

C.   alienation and frustration

D.   pride and self-worth

A.   applies only to juveniles

B.   cannot be applied to juveniles

C.   does not vary among individuals

D.   represents the ability of a person to resist temptations

A.   denial of harm

B.   denial of responsibility

C.   appeal to higher loyalties

D.   condemning the condemner

A.   an immoral person

B.   locked into a particular situation

C.   occasionally free to "drift"

D.   unchanging

A.   They have relatively weak social bonds and consequently feel little remorse for violations of generally accepted social standards

B.   They have absolutely no social bonds

C.   They have strong social bonds

D.   They have a great deal of remorse

A.   were not interested in delinquency

B.   supported the social control theorists' explanations of juvenile delinquency

C.   rejected the notion that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

D.   accepted the idea that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

A.   social status, social roles, and social expectations

B.   only social roles

C.   only social expectations

D.   only social status

A.   situations are defined differently

B.   situations can cause serious consequences

C.   when people define a situation as real, it becomes real in its consequences

D.   no situation is ever the same

A.   having no effect on future behavior

B.   causing a variety of activities

C.   relative unimportance

D.   a catalyst for eliciting future behavior of the prescribed kind

A.   the treatment of the offender that makes a hardened criminal out of the accidental or occasional one

B.   the type of treatment used to incarcerate those convicted of misdemeanors

C.   the type of prison used to incarcerate convicted felons

D.   the privileges given to incarcerated individuals

A.   the greater evil lies in the societal treatment, not in the original act

B.   inadequate medical care in prison

C.   special privileges should be given to special prisoners

D.   solitary confinement

A.   when the deviant act is committed by a person under the age of ten

B.   when a deviant act is instigated by the parent

C.   when an individual may commit a deviant act (or several deviant acts but does not internalize the deviant self-concept and continues to occupy the role of conformist

D.   when an individual's self-concept is altered and the deviant role is personally assumed

A.   deviance, like beauty, exists in the eyes of the beholder

B.   deviance really does not exist

C.   deviance is the same to all

D.   deviance cannot be seen

A.   idea that people from the same environment are motivated by different factors

B.   notion of a developmental process that precedes the attainment of a deviant or delinquent identity and career

C.   suggestion that there is a difference between a deviant identity and deviant career

D.   view that delinquents eventually outgrow their deviancy and conform to the values of society

A.   is accepted by all sociologists as a valid explanation of delinquency

B.   departs from more established and accepted criminological theories

C.   is no longer important

D.   conforms to the more accepted criminological theories

A.   level of educational attainment

B.   religiosity

C.   personal health

D.   the youth's relative position among other teenagers

A.   children who are overly anxious about crime

B.   programs that are focused on education

C.   real-life delinquent activities as fun and entertaining

D.   portraying delinquents as dangerous threats to social order

A.   delinquency during adolescence but do not go on to commit more crimes as adults

B.   criminal behaviors throughout their adult years but were never delinquent as teens

C.   criminal behaviors due to mental illness not detected in infancy

D.   antisocial behaviors at an early age and persist through their entire life

A.   the responsibility for such choices can never be fully understood

B.   the responsibility and accountability is directly on him/her

C.   the responsibility of such choices can be blamed on society

D.   the responsibility is on both the individual and society

A.   individuals who are still in school from committing delinquent acts

B.   others from committing similar acts

C.   an individual from committing similar acts in the future

D.   all of the above apply

A.   feminist theory

B.   rational choice theory

C.   deterrence theory

D.   deterrence and rational theory

A.   their athletic abilities

B.   their relations with others

C.   their appearance

D.   their academic abilities

A.   social aggression

B.   relational aggression

C.   indirect aggression

D.   physical aggression

A.   frustration hypothesis

B.   gender gap hypothesis

C.   maturation hypothesis

D.   liberation hypothesis

A.   females being suspected less for criminal behavior

B.   females being suspected less for criminal behavior and male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

C.   male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

D.   females being treated with more leniency by police

A.   sociobiology and heredity

B.   the media

C.   sociobiology

D.   heredity