A.   are prohibited for juveniles

B.   are not illegal when done by adults

C.   are referred to as status offenses

D.   all of the above

A.   negative norms

B.   outdated

C.   prescriptive norms

D.   proscriptive norms

A.   it produces results

B.   the average person believes it

C.   it in fact measures whatever it is supposed to measure

D.   it yields the same results upon repetition of the measuring procedure or repetition by other investigators

A.   only because of the frequency of occurrence

B.   because of their seriousness, frequency of occurrence, and likelihood of being reported to the police

C.   only because of their seriousness

D.   only because of the likelihood of being reported to the police

A.   let the parents handle the case

B.   send the juvenile directly to juvenile detention or foster care

C.   dismiss the case

D.   divert the matter away from the court system

A.   victims really do not care to answer the questions

B.   victims are the only source of information

C.   victims have never filed any police complaint

D.   victims distrust surveys

A.   result in the elimination of the Juvenile court system altogether

B.   jam up the court system so much that most juvenile offenders would be adults before their case was heard in court

C.   only further encourage juveniles to break the law, as well as to hide their behavior better

D.   not only encourage the reformation of offenders, but discourage criminality in the general populace

A.   adopted by all foreign scholars as definitive conclusions concerning the cause of criminal behavior

B.   accepted by most criminologists

C.   subjected to intense scrutiny and criticism by subsequent investigators

D.   totally ignored

A.   personality

B.   normal behavior

C.   social indifference

D.   deviant behavior

A.   bullies, victims, and interlopers

B.   conduct disorder , diagnosis , and the later stages

C.   normal childhood behavior and boys will be boys

D.   adults, adolescents, children and juveniles

A.   are not unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

B.   neglect the causes of juvenile delinquency

C.   prefer not to comment on the causes of juvenile delinquency

D.   are unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

A.   the rules that restrain us from socially unacceptable acts can become weak or suspended

B.   the police and military must then take over in order to preserve social stability

C.   people will reach out to social institutions such as the family and religion in order to regain a sense of stability

D.   suicide rates drop dramatically

A.   economic status

B.   local government

C.   arrest rates

D.   prevailing social conditions

A.   retreatism

B.   innovation

C.   conformity

D.   ritualism

A.   centralism

B.   ritualism

C.   retreatism

D.   rebellion

A.   average boys.

B.   abused children

C.   the behavior of lower class juveniles

D.   middle class juveniles

A.   conflict-oriented gang

B.   rebellion-oriented gang

C.   retreatist-oriented gang

D.   crime-oriented gang

A.   uniform throughout the population

B.   not uniform throughout the population

C.   not identifiable

D.   really not that important

A.   in areas adjacent to the central business district and to heavy industrial areas

B.   in jail

C.   in the suburbs

D.   in the rural outreaches of the city

A.   Japanese

B.   Chinese

C.   Cambodian

D.   Korean

A.   socialization

B.   politicization

C.   crystallization

D.   characterization

A.   will become a ward of the state

B.   slips into juvenile delinquency

C.   can never become a law-abiding citizen

D.   loses interest in society

A.   have no effect on juveniles

B.   are ignored by most youth

C.   can become viable role models for some youngsters

D.   have no effect on females

A.   they have a strong religious background

B.   they come from a wealthy background

C.   they have been rewarded for doing so

D.   come from a hard-working background

A.   pride and self-worth

B.   mental conflict and anxiety

C.   alienation and frustration

D.   membership in a street gang or participation in a criminal subculture

A.   represents the ability of a person to resist temptations

B.   cannot be applied to juveniles

C.   does not vary among individuals

D.   applies only to juveniles

A.   denial of responsibility

B.   appeal to higher loyalties

C.   condemning the condemner

D.   denial of harm

A.   locked into a particular situation

B.   occasionally free to "drift"

C.   unchanging

D.   an immoral person

A.   They have absolutely no social bonds

B.   They have strong social bonds

C.   They have relatively weak social bonds and consequently feel little remorse for violations of generally accepted social standards

D.   They have a great deal of remorse

A.   supported the social control theorists' explanations of juvenile delinquency

B.   rejected the notion that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

C.   were not interested in delinquency

D.   accepted the idea that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

A.   social status, social roles, and social expectations

B.   only social expectations

C.   only social roles

D.   only social status

A.   situations are defined differently

B.   situations can cause serious consequences

C.   no situation is ever the same

D.   when people define a situation as real, it becomes real in its consequences

A.   relative unimportance

B.   having no effect on future behavior

C.   causing a variety of activities

D.   a catalyst for eliciting future behavior of the prescribed kind

A.   the treatment of the offender that makes a hardened criminal out of the accidental or occasional one

B.   the type of treatment used to incarcerate those convicted of misdemeanors

C.   the type of prison used to incarcerate convicted felons

D.   the privileges given to incarcerated individuals

A.   inadequate medical care in prison

B.   solitary confinement

C.   special privileges should be given to special prisoners

D.   the greater evil lies in the societal treatment, not in the original act

A.   when a deviant act is instigated by the parent

B.   when the deviant act is committed by a person under the age of ten

C.   when an individual may commit a deviant act (or several deviant acts but does not internalize the deviant self-concept and continues to occupy the role of conformist

D.   when an individual's self-concept is altered and the deviant role is personally assumed

A.   deviance cannot be seen

B.   deviance really does not exist

C.   deviance is the same to all

D.   deviance, like beauty, exists in the eyes of the beholder

A.   notion of a developmental process that precedes the attainment of a deviant or delinquent identity and career

B.   suggestion that there is a difference between a deviant identity and deviant career

C.   idea that people from the same environment are motivated by different factors

D.   view that delinquents eventually outgrow their deviancy and conform to the values of society

A.   is no longer important

B.   conforms to the more accepted criminological theories

C.   is accepted by all sociologists as a valid explanation of delinquency

D.   departs from more established and accepted criminological theories

A.   personal health

B.   the youth's relative position among other teenagers

C.   religiosity

D.   level of educational attainment

A.   real-life delinquent activities as fun and entertaining

B.   programs that are focused on education

C.   portraying delinquents as dangerous threats to social order

D.   children who are overly anxious about crime

A.   criminal behaviors due to mental illness not detected in infancy

B.   delinquency during adolescence but do not go on to commit more crimes as adults

C.   antisocial behaviors at an early age and persist through their entire life

D.   criminal behaviors throughout their adult years but were never delinquent as teens

A.   the responsibility and accountability is directly on him/her

B.   the responsibility of such choices can be blamed on society

C.   the responsibility for such choices can never be fully understood

D.   the responsibility is on both the individual and society

A.   individuals who are still in school from committing delinquent acts

B.   others from committing similar acts

C.   an individual from committing similar acts in the future

D.   all of the above apply

A.   deterrence theory

B.   feminist theory

C.   rational choice theory

D.   deterrence and rational theory

A.   their athletic abilities

B.   their appearance

C.   their academic abilities

D.   their relations with others

A.   indirect aggression

B.   relational aggression

C.   physical aggression

D.   social aggression

A.   maturation hypothesis

B.   frustration hypothesis

C.   gender gap hypothesis

D.   liberation hypothesis

A.   females being treated with more leniency by police

B.   male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

C.   females being suspected less for criminal behavior and male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

D.   females being suspected less for criminal behavior

A.   heredity

B.   sociobiology and heredity

C.   sociobiology

D.   the media