Psychology 001 - General Psychology » Fall 2020 » Module 4 Exam
Need help with your exam preparation?
Get Answers to this exam for $6 USD.
Get Answers to all exams in [ Psychology 001 - General Psychology ] course for $25 USD.
Existing Quiz Clients Login here
Question #1
The process of acquiring new and relatively enduring information or behaviors is called
A.
modeling.
B.
shaping.
C.
learning.
D.
reinforcement.
Question #2
Any event or situation that evokes a response is a
A.
model.
B.
positive reinforcer.
C.
cognitive map.
D.
stimulus.
Question #3
By directly experiencing a thunderstorm, we learn that a flash of lightning signals an impending crash of thunder. This best illustrates
A.
the law of effect.
B.
classical conditioning.
C.
operant conditioning
D.
observational learning.
Question #4
Seals in an aquarium will repeat behaviors, such as slapping and barking, that prompt people to toss them a herring. This best illustrates
A.
operant conditioning.
B.
respondent behavior.
C.
observational learning.
D.
spontaneous recovery.
Question #5
After Betty noticed that her best girlfriend often received praise from adults for good manners like saying thank you, Betty began doing the same in hopes of receiving praise from adults. This best illustrates
A.
observational learning.
B.
intrinsic motivation.
C.
spontaneous recovery.
D.
respondent behavior.
Question #6
The researcher most closely associated with the study of classical conditioning is
A.
B. F. Skinner.
B.
Ivan Pavlov.
C.
Edward L. Thorndike.
D.
Albert Bandura.
Question #7
Who introduced the term behaviorism?
A.
John B. Watson
B.
Ivan Pavlov
C.
B. F. Skinner
D.
Albert Bandura
Question #8
An event that one of Pavlov's dogs could see or hear but did not associate with food was called a(n)
A.
neutral stimulus.
B.
secondary reinforcer.
C.
unconditioned stimulus.
D.
negative reinforcer.
Question #9
If a ringing bell causes a dog to salivate because the bell has been regularly associated with food in the mouth, the UR is the
A.
ringing bell.
B.
salivation to the food in the mouth.
C.
food in the mouth.
D.
salivation to the ringing bell.
Question #10
In Pavlov's experiments, the taste of food triggered salivation in a dog. The food in the dog's mouth was the
A.
US
B.
UR
C.
CS
D.
CR
Question #11
A dog's salivation at the sight of a food dish is a(n)
A.
unconditioned response.
B.
conditioned response.
C.
conditioned stimulus.
D.
unconditioned stimulus.
Question #12
The smell of an odor that repeatedly precedes the experience of a painful medical procedure first begins to trigger a conditioned anxiety response during the process of
A.
acquisition.
B.
shaping.
C.
spontaneous recovery.
D.
generalization.
Question #13
For the most rapid acquisition of a CR, the CS should be presented
A.
shortly before the US.
B.
shortly after the US.
C.
shortly after the CR.
D.
at the same time as the US.
Question #14
An experimenter plans to condition a dog to salivate to a light by pairing the light with food. The dog will learn to salivate to the light most quickly if the experimenter presents the light
A.
at precisely the same time as the food.
B.
half a second before the food.
C.
five seconds before the food.
D.
a half-second after the food.
Question #15
After Pavlov had conditioned a dog to salivate to a tone, he repeatedly sounded the tone without presenting the food. As a result, ________ occurred.
A.
extinction
B.
latent learning
C.
generalization
D.
negative reinforcement
Question #16
Long after being bitten by a stray dog, Alonzo found that his fear of dogs seemed to have disappeared. To his surprise, however, when he was recently confronted by a stray dog, he experienced a sudden twinge of anxiety. This sudden anxiety best illustrates
A.
latent learning.
B.
delayed reinforcement.
C.
shaping.
D.
spontaneous recovery.
Question #17
After receiving a painful shot from a female nurse in a white uniform, 3-year-old Vaclav is fearful of any woman wearing a white dress. Vaclav's reaction best illustrates
A.
spontaneous recovery.
B.
generalization.
C.
latent learning.
D.
shaping.
Question #18
After recovering from a serious motorcycle accident, Gina was afraid to ride a motorcycle but not a bicycle. Gina's pattern of fear best illustrates
A.
negative reinforcement.
B.
discrimination.
C.
shaping.
D.
conditioned reinforcement.
Question #19
Former crack cocaine users often feel a drug craving when they are again in places they associate with previous highs. Their reactions are best explained in terms of
A.
operant conditioning.
B.
classical conditioning.
C.
latent learning.
D.
modeling.
Question #20
Little Albert developed a fear of rats after a white rat was paired with a loud noise. In this case, the loud noise was the
A.
unconditioned stimulus.
B.
conditioned stimulus.
C.
delayed reinforcer.
D.
conditioned reinforcer.
Question #21
Because Saleem was spanked on several occasions for biting electric cords, he no longer does so. Saleem's behavior change best illustrates the value of
A.
classical conditioning.
B.
operant conditioning.
C.
negative reinforcement.
D.
conditioned reinforcers.
Question #22
The psychologist most closely associated with the study of operant conditioning was
A.
Albert Bandura.
B.
B. F. Skinner.
C.
John B. Watson.
D.
Ivan Pavlov.
Question #23
Dr. Raheja places a rat in a small cage where it learns to press a bar to obtain a food pellet. Obviously, Dr. Raheja is using a(n) ________ to study learning.
A.
Pavlovian maze
B.
cognitive map
C.
operant chamber
D.
variable-ratio schedule
Question #24
Golf instruction that reinforces short putts before attempting to reinforce long putts best illustrates the process of
A.
discrimination.
B.
delayed reinforcement.
C.
shaping.
D.
modeling.
Question #25
Because Mandisa always picked up her newborn daughter when she cried, her daughter is now a real crybaby. In this case, picking up the infant served as a(n) ________ for crying.
A.
positive reinforcer
B.
unconditioned stimulus
C.
negative reinforcer
D.
conditioned stimulus
Question #26
A negative reinforcer ________ the behavior it follows.
A.
suppresses but does not eliminate
B.
eliminates
C.
strengthens
D.
has an unpredictable effect on
Question #27
Jacinda has a glass of wine after work because it relieves her anxiety. Her wine drinking is likely to continue because it is followed by a ________ reinforcer.
A.
partial
B.
positive
C.
negative
D.
secondary
Question #28
Which of the following is the best example of a primary reinforcer?
A.
a cold lemonade for pulling weeds on a hot day
B.
$5.00 for washing the car
C.
a grade of “A” for an excellent essay
D.
applause for an excellent trumpet solo
Question #29
A conditioned reinforcer gains its reinforcing power through its link with a
A.
mirror neuron.
B.
respondent behavior.
C.
primary reinforcer.
D.
cognitive map.
Question #30
Coffee shops that reward customers with a free cup of coffee after every 10 coffee purchases are using a ________ reinforcement schedule.
A.
fixed-ratio
B.
fixed-interval
C.
variable-interval
D.
variable-ratio
Question #31
Which of the following behaviors is typically reinforced on a variable-ratio schedule?
A.
inserting coins into a slot machine
B.
paying a cashier for a candy bar
C.
studying to be prepared for unexpected quizzes
D.
checking the mailbox to see if the mail has arrived
Question #32
A partial reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response that occurs after a specified time has elapsed is a ________ schedule.
A.
fixed-interval
B.
variable-ratio
C.
fixed-ratio
D.
variable-interval
Question #33
After receiving a couple of traffic tickets for speeding, Masako no longer drives faster than the legal speed limit. This best illustrates the impact of
A.
punishment.
B.
spontaneous recovery.
C.
negative reinforcement.
D.
observational learning.
Question #34
Administering an aversive stimulus following an operant response is
A.
positive reinforcement.
B.
negative punishment.
C.
negative reinforcement.
D.
positive punishment.
Question #35
Learning that some responses, but not others, will be reinforced is called
A.
latent learning.
B.
respondent behavior.
C.
discrimination.
D.
secondary reinforcement.
Question #36
When children misbehave, some parents use a time-out, removing the children from their reinforcing surroundings. This practice best illustrates
A.
negative punishment.
B.
latent learning.
C.
negative reinforcement.
D.
extinction.
Question #37
Marcy grows roses for the sheer joy of it; Jennifer grows them to sell at a profit. Marcy's behavior reflects ________, whereas Jennifer's behavior reflects ________.
A.
intrinsic motivation; extrinsic motivation
B.
operant conditioning; classical conditioning
C.
a variable-ratio schedule; a fixed-ratio schedule
D.
spontaneous recovery; acquisition
Question #38
Without any explicit training from adults, many 8-year-old children know how to turn the ignition key to start their parents' cars. This best illustrates the importance of
A.
operant conditioning.
B.
observational learning.
C.
classical conditioning.
D.
spontaneous recovery
Question #39
Observational learning was illustrated by a famous experiment involving
A.
wooden coins.
B.
a Skinner box.
C.
a Bobo doll.
D.
Little Albert.
Question #40
Which of the following are thought to become active both when people watch an action being performed and when they perform that action themselves?
A.
operant chambers
B.
mirror neurons
C.
fixed-ratio schedules
D.
cognitive maps
Need help with your exam preparation?
Get Answers to this exam for $6 USD.
Get Answers to all exams in [ Psychology 001 - General Psychology ] course for $25 USD.
Existing Quiz Clients Login here