It is typical for children to begin seeing pubertal changes in their bodies between ages 8 and 14.

Deepening of the voice is among the last signs of pubertal changes in males.

Normal hormones in the HPA axis have been proven to cause many different types of psychopathology.

Research has shown that hormonal increases have little effect on one's interest in sex.

Stress in an adolescent's family decreases the hormones of puberty.

During adolescence, the heart doubles in size, the pulse rate decreases, and blood pressure increases.

Egocentrism leads adolescents to interpret everyone else's behavior as if it were a judgment on them.

The invincibility fable causes adolescent egocentrism.

Most adolescents do not feel invincible; instead, they have exaggerated perceptions of risks.

Intuitive thought is cognitively easier than analytic thought.

Because the limbic system is activated by puberty but the prefrontal cortex matures more gradually over time, adolescents tend to rely mostly on logic.

Playing video games has not been associated with aggression in adolescents.

Secondary education traditionally consists of grades 7 through 12.

According to Erikson, the ultimate goal of the identity crisis is identity achievement.

Sixteen-year-old Andrea quit school, lost her job as a waitress, and spends most of her time online in chat rooms. When her parents voiced their disapproval, she replied, “Leave me alone!” Andrea's behavior shows role confusion.

The four areas of identity formation identified by Erikson include religious, political, familial, and physical identities.

Part-time employment during the adolescent years is associated with problems if the adolescent works too many hours.

Culture influences what kind of information adolescents share with their parents.

Familism refers to parents' ongoing awareness of their children's activities and friendships.

The rate of clinical depression is higher for adolescent boys than it is for adolescent girls.