A.   the budding of the breasts and the growth spurt.

B.   extreme and unpredictable moodiness.

C.   menarche.

D.   the growth of underarm hair.

A.   testes

B.   pubic hair

C.   ovaries

D.   scrotum

A.   Ashley, who is impoverished

B.   Chandra, who lives in a conflict-ridden family

C.   Abbie, who is in a rigorous gymnastics training program

D.   Mary, who eats very little

A.   soaring rates of overweight and obesity

B.   eating disorders, such as anorexia and bulimia,

C.   increased rates of infectious disease

D.   lack of standardized health care and high poverty rates

A.   cope better with stressful events and rarely experience negative emotion.

B.   react more strongly to stressful events and experience pleasurable stimuli more intensely.

C.   have difficulty storing and retrieving long-term memories.

D.   become capable of reading and interpreting emotional cues.

A.   perform better on cognitive tasks in the morning hours.

B.   are more likely to suffer from anxiety and depression

C.   display increases in executive function.

D.   are less likely to engage in high-risk behaviors.

A.   important family values; a belief in a higher power

B.   everyday matters; driving, dating partners, and curfews

C.   school issues; the importance of education

D.   moral issues; lying, stealing, and cheating

A.   late-maturing girls

B.   early-maturing boys

C.   early-maturing girls

D.   late-maturing boys

A.   Boys account for less than 1 percent of anorexia cases.

B.   Anorexia nervosa is equally common in all SES groups.

C.   Although being anorexic is unhealthy, it is rarely fatal.

D.   About 10 percent of North American and Western European teenagers are affected.

A.   Living in an economically privileged home

B.   Experiencing later puberty

C.   Having higher educational aspirations

D.   Living in a high-crime neighborhood

A.   Even teenagers who report talking openly with their parents about sex are unlikely to use birth control.

B.   About 14 percent of sexually active U.S. teenagers do not use contraception consistently.

C.   Adolescent contraceptive use has decreased in recent years.

D.   School sex education classes prevent teenagers from having unprotected sex.

A.   earlier intercourse than their heterosexual agemates.

B.   gender confusion and sexual questioning.

C.   an inner struggle that is intensified by a lack of role models and social support.

D.   same-sex physical attraction, on average, between ages 6 and 8.

A.   genetic factors; prenatal biological influences

B.   personal choice; prenatal biological influences

C.   social influences; genetic factors

D.   genetic factors; authoritarian child rearing

A.   fare better if the teenage parent drops out of high school.

B.   often become adolescent parents.

C.   score higher on intelligence tests than children of adult mothers.

D.   have a better chance of graduating high school than children of adult mothers.

A.   teach techniques for handling sexual situations.

B.   do not encourage the use of contraceptives.

C.   focus on promoting the value of abstinence

D.   last only a few sessions.

A.   cigarettes

B.   alcohol

C.   cocaine

D.   marijuana

A.   hypothetico-deductive reasoning.

B.   practical intelligence.

C.   transitive inference.

D.   animistic thinking.

A.   Harry believes that he will never have a car accident because he is a better driver than most people.

B.   When her fork falls off her tray in the cafeteria, Hannah is certain that everyone is thinking that she is clumsy.

C.   Benny goes to the Friday night football game with a group of friends and cheers as loud as anyone else.

D.   When Riley fails to make the volleyball team, she believes that no one has ever felt so disappointed.

A.   the imaginary audience.

B.   metacognition.

C.   the personal fable.

D.   hypothetico-deductive reasoning.

A.   Horatio will rate the risks of taking his parents' car without asking higher than peers who have not tried it.

B.   Horatio will rate the benefits of taking his parents' car without asking lower than peers who have not tried it.

C.   Horatio will be more likely in the future to take his parents' car without asking than peers who have not tried it.

D.   Horatio will be less likely in the future to take his parents' car without asking than peers who have not tried it.

A.   role confusion.

B.   mistrust.

C.   inferiority.

D.   isolation.

A.   forming an ideal self.

B.   experimentation and error.

C.   an identity crisis and a resolution.

D.   exploration followed by commitment.

A.   achievement.

B.   foreclosure.

C.   diffusion.

D.   moratorium.

A.   diffusion.

B.   achievement.

C.   foreclosure.

D.   moratorium.

A.   foreclosure.

B.   diffusion.

C.   achievement.

D.   moratorium.

A.   discouraging contact with peers of the same ethnicity and encouraging assimilation.

B.   ensuring that they learn English, rather than retaining their native language.

C.   encouraging them to explore the meaning of ethnicity in their lives.

D.   encouraging them to reject the dominant culture until they establish ethnic identity.

A.   universal ethical

B.   conventional

C.   postconventional

D.   preconventional

A.   most young people reject the idea of a "higher being."

B.   formal religious involvement tends to increase.

C.   formal religious involvement tends to decline.

D.   church attendance becomes a major source of parent–child conflict.

A.   Heredity plays little to no role in adolescent depression.

B.   Depression is the most common psychological problem of adolescence.

C.   Chronic depression affects 15 to 20 percent of U.S. teenagers.

D.   Boys are more likely than girls to report a depressed mood.

A.   Parents and teachers must be trained to pick up on the signals that a troubled teenager sends.

B.   Parents should not be concerned about teenagers' commenting, "I wish I were dead," because adolescents are overly dramatic.

C.   Gun-control legislation that restricts the availability of firearms to adolescents has little impact on suicide rates.

D.   It is nearly impossible to prevent adolescent suicide, as teenagers rarely exhibit warning signs around adults.

A.   Color discrimination improves.

B.   Visual acuity increases.

C.   The lens narrows and becomes more elastic.

D.   The muscles controlling the pupil weaken.

A.   the muscular system

B.   vision

C.   hearing

D.   the cardiovascular system

A.   atherosclerosis.

B.   arrhythmia.

C.   hypertension.

D.   angina.

A.   remains constant until about age 50.

B.   declines by 10 percent per decade after age 25.

C.   declines by 5 percent per decade throughout the lifespan.

D.   increases by 10 percent per decade after age 25.

A.   decreases in percentage of normal sperm after age 25.

B.   consistent changes in the uterus after age 35.

C.   increases in number of ova, but decreases in ova quality.

D.   decreases in semen volume and sperm motility after age 35.

A.   is strongly associated with serious health problems.

B.   is not treatable.

C.   is a personal choice.

D.   drops in early and middle adulthood.

A.   sincerely believe that they eat less than they do.

B.   restrict their weight-reduction plan to no longer than 25 weeks.

C.   believe that only temporary lifestyle changes are needed.

D.   use social support and to be conscious of their behavior.

A.   Most married adults say they are only somewhat happy with their sex lives.

B.   More men than women report persistent sexual problems.

C.   People who engage in casual dating have the most physically satisfying sex lives.

D.   As number of sex partners increases, satisfaction declines sharply.

A.   reinforcing rape myths.

B.   teaching social skills and social awareness.

C.   safety planning, but only if the abuser is still present.

D.   supporting gender stereotypes with evidence.

A.   strong support exists for the idea that "opposites attract."

B.   men prefer a same-age or slightly older partner.

C.   partners with similar attributes tend to be less satisfied with their relationship.

D.   partners who are similar in personality are more likely to stay together.

A.   adaptation to life theory

B.   intimacy versus isolation stage

C.   seasons of love theory

D.   triangular theory of love

A.   occurs at an earlier age than in the past.

B.   is a major step toward assuming adult responsibilities.

C.   is one phase of the family life cycle that all adults experience.

D.   is usually permanent, with few young adults returning home.

A.   Roger and Daisy, who maintain distance from extended family

B.   Clark and Marian, who were both 19 when they got married

C.   Peter and Linda, who share family responsibilities

D.   David and Veronica, who had a child together before they got married

A.   Reverting to traditional gender roles of husband and wife

B.   Having the first child within the first year or two of marriage

C.   Postponing childbearing until the late twenties or thirties

D.   Relying on extended family for financial support

A.   delay childbirth until their thirties

B.   have traditional gender roles around the home

C.   attend couples' therapy

D.   engage in effective coparenting

A.   end; adolescence

B.   beginning; middle childhood

C.   beginning; adolescence

D.   end; middle childhood

A.   Very few teen mothers experience pregnancy and birth complications.

B.   Teenage mothers spend more of their parenting years as single parents.

C.   Today, about 95 percent of U.S. adolescent mothers graduate from high school.

D.   Many teen mothers perceive their babies as less difficult.

A.   sensorimotor

B.   preoperational

C.   concrete operational

D.   formal operational

A.   boring and ordinary.

B.   special and unique.

C.   idealistic and overly critical.

D.   the focus of everyone else's attention and concern

A.   achieved

B.   delayed

C.   foreclosed

D.   diffused