A.   the growth of underarm hair.

B.   the budding of the breasts and the growth spurt.

C.   extreme and unpredictable moodiness.

D.   menarche.

A.   testes

B.   ovaries

C.   pubic hair

D.   scrotum

A.   Ashley, who is impoverished

B.   Chandra, who lives in a conflict-ridden family

C.   Mary, who eats very little

D.   Abbie, who is in a rigorous gymnastics training program

A.   soaring rates of overweight and obesity

B.   increased rates of infectious disease

C.   eating disorders, such as anorexia and bulimia,

D.   lack of standardized health care and high poverty rates

A.   have difficulty storing and retrieving long-term memories.

B.   react more strongly to stressful events and experience pleasurable stimuli more intensely.

C.   become capable of reading and interpreting emotional cues.

D.   cope better with stressful events and rarely experience negative emotion.

A.   display increases in executive function.

B.   perform better on cognitive tasks in the morning hours.

C.   are less likely to engage in high-risk behaviors.

D.   are more likely to suffer from anxiety and depression

A.   important family values; a belief in a higher power

B.   moral issues; lying, stealing, and cheating

C.   school issues; the importance of education

D.   everyday matters; driving, dating partners, and curfews

A.   early-maturing boys

B.   late-maturing boys

C.   early-maturing girls

D.   late-maturing girls

A.   About 10 percent of North American and Western European teenagers are affected.

B.   Anorexia nervosa is equally common in all SES groups.

C.   Boys account for less than 1 percent of anorexia cases.

D.   Although being anorexic is unhealthy, it is rarely fatal.

A.   Experiencing later puberty

B.   Living in an economically privileged home

C.   Having higher educational aspirations

D.   Living in a high-crime neighborhood

A.   Even teenagers who report talking openly with their parents about sex are unlikely to use birth control.

B.   Adolescent contraceptive use has decreased in recent years.

C.   School sex education classes prevent teenagers from having unprotected sex.

D.   About 14 percent of sexually active U.S. teenagers do not use contraception consistently.

A.   gender confusion and sexual questioning.

B.   an inner struggle that is intensified by a lack of role models and social support.

C.   same-sex physical attraction, on average, between ages 6 and 8.

D.   earlier intercourse than their heterosexual agemates.

A.   genetic factors; authoritarian child rearing

B.   social influences; genetic factors

C.   personal choice; prenatal biological influences

D.   genetic factors; prenatal biological influences

A.   score higher on intelligence tests than children of adult mothers.

B.   fare better if the teenage parent drops out of high school.

C.   have a better chance of graduating high school than children of adult mothers.

D.   often become adolescent parents.

A.   focus on promoting the value of abstinence

B.   teach techniques for handling sexual situations.

C.   do not encourage the use of contraceptives.

D.   last only a few sessions.

A.   alcohol

B.   marijuana

C.   cigarettes

D.   cocaine

A.   practical intelligence.

B.   hypothetico-deductive reasoning.

C.   animistic thinking.

D.   transitive inference.

A.   Benny goes to the Friday night football game with a group of friends and cheers as loud as anyone else.

B.   When Riley fails to make the volleyball team, she believes that no one has ever felt so disappointed.

C.   Harry believes that he will never have a car accident because he is a better driver than most people.

D.   When her fork falls off her tray in the cafeteria, Hannah is certain that everyone is thinking that she is clumsy.

A.   the imaginary audience.

B.   the personal fable.

C.   metacognition.

D.   hypothetico-deductive reasoning.

A.   Horatio will be more likely in the future to take his parents' car without asking than peers who have not tried it.

B.   Horatio will rate the risks of taking his parents' car without asking higher than peers who have not tried it.

C.   Horatio will rate the benefits of taking his parents' car without asking lower than peers who have not tried it.

D.   Horatio will be less likely in the future to take his parents' car without asking than peers who have not tried it.

A.   isolation.

B.   mistrust.

C.   role confusion.

D.   inferiority.

A.   exploration followed by commitment.

B.   forming an ideal self.

C.   an identity crisis and a resolution.

D.   experimentation and error.

A.   foreclosure.

B.   moratorium.

C.   diffusion.

D.   achievement.

A.   diffusion.

B.   achievement.

C.   moratorium.

D.   foreclosure.

A.   achievement.

B.   moratorium.

C.   foreclosure.

D.   diffusion.

A.   encouraging them to reject the dominant culture until they establish ethnic identity.

B.   ensuring that they learn English, rather than retaining their native language.

C.   encouraging them to explore the meaning of ethnicity in their lives.

D.   discouraging contact with peers of the same ethnicity and encouraging assimilation.

A.   postconventional

B.   conventional

C.   preconventional

D.   universal ethical

A.   formal religious involvement tends to increase.

B.   formal religious involvement tends to decline.

C.   church attendance becomes a major source of parent–child conflict.

D.   most young people reject the idea of a "higher being."

A.   Depression is the most common psychological problem of adolescence.

B.   Chronic depression affects 15 to 20 percent of U.S. teenagers.

C.   Boys are more likely than girls to report a depressed mood.

D.   Heredity plays little to no role in adolescent depression.

A.   It is nearly impossible to prevent adolescent suicide, as teenagers rarely exhibit warning signs around adults.

B.   Gun-control legislation that restricts the availability of firearms to adolescents has little impact on suicide rates.

C.   Parents and teachers must be trained to pick up on the signals that a troubled teenager sends.

D.   Parents should not be concerned about teenagers' commenting, "I wish I were dead," because adolescents are overly dramatic.

A.   The lens narrows and becomes more elastic.

B.   The muscles controlling the pupil weaken.

C.   Visual acuity increases.

D.   Color discrimination improves.

A.   hearing

B.   the muscular system

C.   vision

D.   the cardiovascular system

A.   angina.

B.   atherosclerosis.

C.   arrhythmia.

D.   hypertension.

A.   increases by 10 percent per decade after age 25.

B.   declines by 10 percent per decade after age 25.

C.   remains constant until about age 50.

D.   declines by 5 percent per decade throughout the lifespan.

A.   decreases in semen volume and sperm motility after age 35.

B.   increases in number of ova, but decreases in ova quality.

C.   consistent changes in the uterus after age 35.

D.   decreases in percentage of normal sperm after age 25.

A.   is a personal choice.

B.   is not treatable.

C.   is strongly associated with serious health problems.

D.   drops in early and middle adulthood.

A.   sincerely believe that they eat less than they do.

B.   use social support and to be conscious of their behavior.

C.   restrict their weight-reduction plan to no longer than 25 weeks.

D.   believe that only temporary lifestyle changes are needed.

A.   More men than women report persistent sexual problems.

B.   Most married adults say they are only somewhat happy with their sex lives.

C.   People who engage in casual dating have the most physically satisfying sex lives.

D.   As number of sex partners increases, satisfaction declines sharply.

A.   safety planning, but only if the abuser is still present.

B.   supporting gender stereotypes with evidence.

C.   reinforcing rape myths.

D.   teaching social skills and social awareness.

A.   partners who are similar in personality are more likely to stay together.

B.   men prefer a same-age or slightly older partner.

C.   strong support exists for the idea that "opposites attract."

D.   partners with similar attributes tend to be less satisfied with their relationship.

A.   triangular theory of love

B.   adaptation to life theory

C.   intimacy versus isolation stage

D.   seasons of love theory

A.   is one phase of the family life cycle that all adults experience.

B.   is usually permanent, with few young adults returning home.

C.   occurs at an earlier age than in the past.

D.   is a major step toward assuming adult responsibilities.

A.   Peter and Linda, who share family responsibilities

B.   Roger and Daisy, who maintain distance from extended family

C.   David and Veronica, who had a child together before they got married

D.   Clark and Marian, who were both 19 when they got married

A.   Postponing childbearing until the late twenties or thirties

B.   Having the first child within the first year or two of marriage

C.   Reverting to traditional gender roles of husband and wife

D.   Relying on extended family for financial support

A.   delay childbirth until their thirties

B.   engage in effective coparenting

C.   attend couples' therapy

D.   have traditional gender roles around the home

A.   beginning; middle childhood

B.   beginning; adolescence

C.   end; middle childhood

D.   end; adolescence

A.   Very few teen mothers experience pregnancy and birth complications.

B.   Teenage mothers spend more of their parenting years as single parents.

C.   Many teen mothers perceive their babies as less difficult.

D.   Today, about 95 percent of U.S. adolescent mothers graduate from high school.

A.   concrete operational

B.   formal operational

C.   preoperational

D.   sensorimotor

A.   idealistic and overly critical.

B.   boring and ordinary.

C.   special and unique.

D.   the focus of everyone else's attention and concern

A.   diffused

B.   achieved

C.   delayed

D.   foreclosed