A.   extreme and unpredictable moodiness.

B.   the growth of underarm hair.

C.   menarche.

D.   the budding of the breasts and the growth spurt.

A.   testes

B.   pubic hair

C.   ovaries

D.   scrotum

A.   Abbie, who is in a rigorous gymnastics training program

B.   Chandra, who lives in a conflict-ridden family

C.   Mary, who eats very little

D.   Ashley, who is impoverished

A.   eating disorders, such as anorexia and bulimia,

B.   lack of standardized health care and high poverty rates

C.   soaring rates of overweight and obesity

D.   increased rates of infectious disease

A.   have difficulty storing and retrieving long-term memories.

B.   react more strongly to stressful events and experience pleasurable stimuli more intensely.

C.   become capable of reading and interpreting emotional cues.

D.   cope better with stressful events and rarely experience negative emotion.

A.   perform better on cognitive tasks in the morning hours.

B.   are more likely to suffer from anxiety and depression

C.   display increases in executive function.

D.   are less likely to engage in high-risk behaviors.

A.   everyday matters; driving, dating partners, and curfews

B.   moral issues; lying, stealing, and cheating

C.   important family values; a belief in a higher power

D.   school issues; the importance of education

A.   late-maturing boys

B.   early-maturing boys

C.   late-maturing girls

D.   early-maturing girls

A.   Anorexia nervosa is equally common in all SES groups.

B.   Although being anorexic is unhealthy, it is rarely fatal.

C.   Boys account for less than 1 percent of anorexia cases.

D.   About 10 percent of North American and Western European teenagers are affected.

A.   Having higher educational aspirations

B.   Experiencing later puberty

C.   Living in a high-crime neighborhood

D.   Living in an economically privileged home

A.   Adolescent contraceptive use has decreased in recent years.

B.   About 14 percent of sexually active U.S. teenagers do not use contraception consistently.

C.   Even teenagers who report talking openly with their parents about sex are unlikely to use birth control.

D.   School sex education classes prevent teenagers from having unprotected sex.

A.   an inner struggle that is intensified by a lack of role models and social support.

B.   same-sex physical attraction, on average, between ages 6 and 8.

C.   earlier intercourse than their heterosexual agemates.

D.   gender confusion and sexual questioning.

A.   genetic factors; prenatal biological influences

B.   personal choice; prenatal biological influences

C.   genetic factors; authoritarian child rearing

D.   social influences; genetic factors

A.   score higher on intelligence tests than children of adult mothers.

B.   often become adolescent parents.

C.   have a better chance of graduating high school than children of adult mothers.

D.   fare better if the teenage parent drops out of high school.

A.   teach techniques for handling sexual situations.

B.   last only a few sessions.

C.   do not encourage the use of contraceptives.

D.   focus on promoting the value of abstinence

A.   cigarettes

B.   marijuana

C.   cocaine

D.   alcohol

A.   practical intelligence.

B.   transitive inference.

C.   animistic thinking.

D.   hypothetico-deductive reasoning.

A.   Benny goes to the Friday night football game with a group of friends and cheers as loud as anyone else.

B.   When Riley fails to make the volleyball team, she believes that no one has ever felt so disappointed.

C.   When her fork falls off her tray in the cafeteria, Hannah is certain that everyone is thinking that she is clumsy.

D.   Harry believes that he will never have a car accident because he is a better driver than most people.

A.   the personal fable.

B.   metacognition.

C.   hypothetico-deductive reasoning.

D.   the imaginary audience.

A.   Horatio will rate the benefits of taking his parents' car without asking lower than peers who have not tried it.

B.   Horatio will rate the risks of taking his parents' car without asking higher than peers who have not tried it.

C.   Horatio will be more likely in the future to take his parents' car without asking than peers who have not tried it.

D.   Horatio will be less likely in the future to take his parents' car without asking than peers who have not tried it.

A.   role confusion.

B.   isolation.

C.   mistrust.

D.   inferiority.

A.   exploration followed by commitment.

B.   forming an ideal self.

C.   an identity crisis and a resolution.

D.   experimentation and error.

A.   diffusion.

B.   achievement.

C.   moratorium.

D.   foreclosure.

A.   foreclosure.

B.   diffusion.

C.   achievement.

D.   moratorium.

A.   achievement.

B.   moratorium.

C.   foreclosure.

D.   diffusion.

A.   discouraging contact with peers of the same ethnicity and encouraging assimilation.

B.   ensuring that they learn English, rather than retaining their native language.

C.   encouraging them to reject the dominant culture until they establish ethnic identity.

D.   encouraging them to explore the meaning of ethnicity in their lives.

A.   preconventional

B.   universal ethical

C.   conventional

D.   postconventional

A.   most young people reject the idea of a "higher being."

B.   church attendance becomes a major source of parent–child conflict.

C.   formal religious involvement tends to increase.

D.   formal religious involvement tends to decline.

A.   Depression is the most common psychological problem of adolescence.

B.   Boys are more likely than girls to report a depressed mood.

C.   Chronic depression affects 15 to 20 percent of U.S. teenagers.

D.   Heredity plays little to no role in adolescent depression.

A.   It is nearly impossible to prevent adolescent suicide, as teenagers rarely exhibit warning signs around adults.

B.   Gun-control legislation that restricts the availability of firearms to adolescents has little impact on suicide rates.

C.   Parents and teachers must be trained to pick up on the signals that a troubled teenager sends.

D.   Parents should not be concerned about teenagers' commenting, "I wish I were dead," because adolescents are overly dramatic.

A.   Visual acuity increases.

B.   The muscles controlling the pupil weaken.

C.   The lens narrows and becomes more elastic.

D.   Color discrimination improves.

A.   vision

B.   hearing

C.   the muscular system

D.   the cardiovascular system

A.   angina.

B.   arrhythmia.

C.   atherosclerosis.

D.   hypertension.

A.   increases by 10 percent per decade after age 25.

B.   remains constant until about age 50.

C.   declines by 5 percent per decade throughout the lifespan.

D.   declines by 10 percent per decade after age 25.

A.   increases in number of ova, but decreases in ova quality.

B.   decreases in percentage of normal sperm after age 25.

C.   consistent changes in the uterus after age 35.

D.   decreases in semen volume and sperm motility after age 35.

A.   is strongly associated with serious health problems.

B.   is not treatable.

C.   drops in early and middle adulthood.

D.   is a personal choice.

A.   restrict their weight-reduction plan to no longer than 25 weeks.

B.   sincerely believe that they eat less than they do.

C.   use social support and to be conscious of their behavior.

D.   believe that only temporary lifestyle changes are needed.

A.   More men than women report persistent sexual problems.

B.   Most married adults say they are only somewhat happy with their sex lives.

C.   People who engage in casual dating have the most physically satisfying sex lives.

D.   As number of sex partners increases, satisfaction declines sharply.

A.   safety planning, but only if the abuser is still present.

B.   supporting gender stereotypes with evidence.

C.   teaching social skills and social awareness.

D.   reinforcing rape myths.

A.   partners who are similar in personality are more likely to stay together.

B.   partners with similar attributes tend to be less satisfied with their relationship.

C.   strong support exists for the idea that "opposites attract."

D.   men prefer a same-age or slightly older partner.

A.   adaptation to life theory

B.   seasons of love theory

C.   triangular theory of love

D.   intimacy versus isolation stage

A.   is one phase of the family life cycle that all adults experience.

B.   is usually permanent, with few young adults returning home.

C.   occurs at an earlier age than in the past.

D.   is a major step toward assuming adult responsibilities.

A.   Clark and Marian, who were both 19 when they got married

B.   Peter and Linda, who share family responsibilities

C.   David and Veronica, who had a child together before they got married

D.   Roger and Daisy, who maintain distance from extended family

A.   Relying on extended family for financial support

B.   Postponing childbearing until the late twenties or thirties

C.   Reverting to traditional gender roles of husband and wife

D.   Having the first child within the first year or two of marriage

A.   engage in effective coparenting

B.   delay childbirth until their thirties

C.   have traditional gender roles around the home

D.   attend couples' therapy

A.   beginning; middle childhood

B.   end; middle childhood

C.   beginning; adolescence

D.   end; adolescence

A.   Today, about 95 percent of U.S. adolescent mothers graduate from high school.

B.   Teenage mothers spend more of their parenting years as single parents.

C.   Very few teen mothers experience pregnancy and birth complications.

D.   Many teen mothers perceive their babies as less difficult.

A.   sensorimotor

B.   concrete operational

C.   preoperational

D.   formal operational

A.   special and unique.

B.   idealistic and overly critical.

C.   boring and ordinary.

D.   the focus of everyone else's attention and concern

A.   diffused

B.   delayed

C.   achieved

D.   foreclosed