A.   the growth of underarm hair.

B.   menarche.

C.   extreme and unpredictable moodiness.

D.   the budding of the breasts and the growth spurt.

A.   testes

B.   pubic hair

C.   scrotum

D.   ovaries

A.   Mary, who eats very little

B.   Chandra, who lives in a conflict-ridden family

C.   Abbie, who is in a rigorous gymnastics training program

D.   Ashley, who is impoverished

A.   increased rates of infectious disease

B.   soaring rates of overweight and obesity

C.   eating disorders, such as anorexia and bulimia,

D.   lack of standardized health care and high poverty rates

A.   cope better with stressful events and rarely experience negative emotion.

B.   react more strongly to stressful events and experience pleasurable stimuli more intensely.

C.   have difficulty storing and retrieving long-term memories.

D.   become capable of reading and interpreting emotional cues.

A.   perform better on cognitive tasks in the morning hours.

B.   display increases in executive function.

C.   are more likely to suffer from anxiety and depression

D.   are less likely to engage in high-risk behaviors.

A.   important family values; a belief in a higher power

B.   everyday matters; driving, dating partners, and curfews

C.   school issues; the importance of education

D.   moral issues; lying, stealing, and cheating

A.   late-maturing girls

B.   early-maturing boys

C.   early-maturing girls

D.   late-maturing boys

A.   Boys account for less than 1 percent of anorexia cases.

B.   About 10 percent of North American and Western European teenagers are affected.

C.   Anorexia nervosa is equally common in all SES groups.

D.   Although being anorexic is unhealthy, it is rarely fatal.

A.   Living in a high-crime neighborhood

B.   Experiencing later puberty

C.   Living in an economically privileged home

D.   Having higher educational aspirations

A.   Adolescent contraceptive use has decreased in recent years.

B.   School sex education classes prevent teenagers from having unprotected sex.

C.   About 14 percent of sexually active U.S. teenagers do not use contraception consistently.

D.   Even teenagers who report talking openly with their parents about sex are unlikely to use birth control.

A.   same-sex physical attraction, on average, between ages 6 and 8.

B.   earlier intercourse than their heterosexual agemates.

C.   an inner struggle that is intensified by a lack of role models and social support.

D.   gender confusion and sexual questioning.

A.   genetic factors; authoritarian child rearing

B.   personal choice; prenatal biological influences

C.   genetic factors; prenatal biological influences

D.   social influences; genetic factors

A.   often become adolescent parents.

B.   have a better chance of graduating high school than children of adult mothers.

C.   fare better if the teenage parent drops out of high school.

D.   score higher on intelligence tests than children of adult mothers.

A.   do not encourage the use of contraceptives.

B.   teach techniques for handling sexual situations.

C.   last only a few sessions.

D.   focus on promoting the value of abstinence

A.   alcohol

B.   cigarettes

C.   marijuana

D.   cocaine

A.   transitive inference.

B.   practical intelligence.

C.   hypothetico-deductive reasoning.

D.   animistic thinking.

A.   Benny goes to the Friday night football game with a group of friends and cheers as loud as anyone else.

B.   When Riley fails to make the volleyball team, she believes that no one has ever felt so disappointed.

C.   When her fork falls off her tray in the cafeteria, Hannah is certain that everyone is thinking that she is clumsy.

D.   Harry believes that he will never have a car accident because he is a better driver than most people.

A.   the imaginary audience.

B.   the personal fable.

C.   hypothetico-deductive reasoning.

D.   metacognition.

A.   Horatio will rate the benefits of taking his parents' car without asking lower than peers who have not tried it.

B.   Horatio will be less likely in the future to take his parents' car without asking than peers who have not tried it.

C.   Horatio will be more likely in the future to take his parents' car without asking than peers who have not tried it.

D.   Horatio will rate the risks of taking his parents' car without asking higher than peers who have not tried it.

A.   inferiority.

B.   isolation.

C.   mistrust.

D.   role confusion.

A.   exploration followed by commitment.

B.   experimentation and error.

C.   forming an ideal self.

D.   an identity crisis and a resolution.

A.   moratorium.

B.   achievement.

C.   foreclosure.

D.   diffusion.

A.   moratorium.

B.   achievement.

C.   foreclosure.

D.   diffusion.

A.   diffusion.

B.   achievement.

C.   foreclosure.

D.   moratorium.

A.   ensuring that they learn English, rather than retaining their native language.

B.   encouraging them to explore the meaning of ethnicity in their lives.

C.   discouraging contact with peers of the same ethnicity and encouraging assimilation.

D.   encouraging them to reject the dominant culture until they establish ethnic identity.

A.   preconventional

B.   conventional

C.   postconventional

D.   universal ethical

A.   most young people reject the idea of a "higher being."

B.   formal religious involvement tends to increase.

C.   church attendance becomes a major source of parent–child conflict.

D.   formal religious involvement tends to decline.

A.   Heredity plays little to no role in adolescent depression.

B.   Depression is the most common psychological problem of adolescence.

C.   Chronic depression affects 15 to 20 percent of U.S. teenagers.

D.   Boys are more likely than girls to report a depressed mood.

A.   Gun-control legislation that restricts the availability of firearms to adolescents has little impact on suicide rates.

B.   Parents should not be concerned about teenagers' commenting, "I wish I were dead," because adolescents are overly dramatic.

C.   Parents and teachers must be trained to pick up on the signals that a troubled teenager sends.

D.   It is nearly impossible to prevent adolescent suicide, as teenagers rarely exhibit warning signs around adults.

A.   Visual acuity increases.

B.   The muscles controlling the pupil weaken.

C.   Color discrimination improves.

D.   The lens narrows and becomes more elastic.

A.   the cardiovascular system

B.   vision

C.   hearing

D.   the muscular system

A.   atherosclerosis.

B.   hypertension.

C.   angina.

D.   arrhythmia.

A.   declines by 10 percent per decade after age 25.

B.   remains constant until about age 50.

C.   increases by 10 percent per decade after age 25.

D.   declines by 5 percent per decade throughout the lifespan.

A.   consistent changes in the uterus after age 35.

B.   decreases in semen volume and sperm motility after age 35.

C.   decreases in percentage of normal sperm after age 25.

D.   increases in number of ova, but decreases in ova quality.

A.   is not treatable.

B.   is a personal choice.

C.   drops in early and middle adulthood.

D.   is strongly associated with serious health problems.

A.   sincerely believe that they eat less than they do.

B.   restrict their weight-reduction plan to no longer than 25 weeks.

C.   use social support and to be conscious of their behavior.

D.   believe that only temporary lifestyle changes are needed.

A.   As number of sex partners increases, satisfaction declines sharply.

B.   Most married adults say they are only somewhat happy with their sex lives.

C.   People who engage in casual dating have the most physically satisfying sex lives.

D.   More men than women report persistent sexual problems.

A.   safety planning, but only if the abuser is still present.

B.   teaching social skills and social awareness.

C.   reinforcing rape myths.

D.   supporting gender stereotypes with evidence.

A.   partners who are similar in personality are more likely to stay together.

B.   strong support exists for the idea that "opposites attract."

C.   partners with similar attributes tend to be less satisfied with their relationship.

D.   men prefer a same-age or slightly older partner.

A.   adaptation to life theory

B.   intimacy versus isolation stage

C.   seasons of love theory

D.   triangular theory of love

A.   is one phase of the family life cycle that all adults experience.

B.   is usually permanent, with few young adults returning home.

C.   occurs at an earlier age than in the past.

D.   is a major step toward assuming adult responsibilities.

A.   Roger and Daisy, who maintain distance from extended family

B.   David and Veronica, who had a child together before they got married

C.   Clark and Marian, who were both 19 when they got married

D.   Peter and Linda, who share family responsibilities

A.   Postponing childbearing until the late twenties or thirties

B.   Having the first child within the first year or two of marriage

C.   Relying on extended family for financial support

D.   Reverting to traditional gender roles of husband and wife

A.   engage in effective coparenting

B.   have traditional gender roles around the home

C.   attend couples' therapy

D.   delay childbirth until their thirties

A.   end; middle childhood

B.   beginning; middle childhood

C.   beginning; adolescence

D.   end; adolescence

A.   Teenage mothers spend more of their parenting years as single parents.

B.   Today, about 95 percent of U.S. adolescent mothers graduate from high school.

C.   Many teen mothers perceive their babies as less difficult.

D.   Very few teen mothers experience pregnancy and birth complications.

A.   preoperational

B.   formal operational

C.   sensorimotor

D.   concrete operational

A.   idealistic and overly critical.

B.   special and unique.

C.   boring and ordinary.

D.   the focus of everyone else's attention and concern

A.   achieved

B.   delayed

C.   diffused

D.   foreclosed