A.   menarche.

B.   extreme and unpredictable moodiness.

C.   the budding of the breasts and the growth spurt.

D.   the growth of underarm hair.

A.   pubic hair

B.   testes

C.   ovaries

D.   scrotum

A.   Mary, who eats very little

B.   Abbie, who is in a rigorous gymnastics training program

C.   Chandra, who lives in a conflict-ridden family

D.   Ashley, who is impoverished

A.   increased rates of infectious disease

B.   lack of standardized health care and high poverty rates

C.   eating disorders, such as anorexia and bulimia,

D.   soaring rates of overweight and obesity

A.   cope better with stressful events and rarely experience negative emotion.

B.   react more strongly to stressful events and experience pleasurable stimuli more intensely.

C.   have difficulty storing and retrieving long-term memories.

D.   become capable of reading and interpreting emotional cues.

A.   display increases in executive function.

B.   are more likely to suffer from anxiety and depression

C.   are less likely to engage in high-risk behaviors.

D.   perform better on cognitive tasks in the morning hours.

A.   moral issues; lying, stealing, and cheating

B.   everyday matters; driving, dating partners, and curfews

C.   important family values; a belief in a higher power

D.   school issues; the importance of education

A.   late-maturing girls

B.   early-maturing boys

C.   early-maturing girls

D.   late-maturing boys

A.   Boys account for less than 1 percent of anorexia cases.

B.   Anorexia nervosa is equally common in all SES groups.

C.   About 10 percent of North American and Western European teenagers are affected.

D.   Although being anorexic is unhealthy, it is rarely fatal.

A.   Living in a high-crime neighborhood

B.   Having higher educational aspirations

C.   Living in an economically privileged home

D.   Experiencing later puberty

A.   About 14 percent of sexually active U.S. teenagers do not use contraception consistently.

B.   Adolescent contraceptive use has decreased in recent years.

C.   School sex education classes prevent teenagers from having unprotected sex.

D.   Even teenagers who report talking openly with their parents about sex are unlikely to use birth control.

A.   an inner struggle that is intensified by a lack of role models and social support.

B.   same-sex physical attraction, on average, between ages 6 and 8.

C.   gender confusion and sexual questioning.

D.   earlier intercourse than their heterosexual agemates.

A.   genetic factors; prenatal biological influences

B.   personal choice; prenatal biological influences

C.   genetic factors; authoritarian child rearing

D.   social influences; genetic factors

A.   often become adolescent parents.

B.   score higher on intelligence tests than children of adult mothers.

C.   have a better chance of graduating high school than children of adult mothers.

D.   fare better if the teenage parent drops out of high school.

A.   focus on promoting the value of abstinence

B.   teach techniques for handling sexual situations.

C.   last only a few sessions.

D.   do not encourage the use of contraceptives.

A.   alcohol

B.   marijuana

C.   cigarettes

D.   cocaine

A.   animistic thinking.

B.   practical intelligence.

C.   transitive inference.

D.   hypothetico-deductive reasoning.

A.   When her fork falls off her tray in the cafeteria, Hannah is certain that everyone is thinking that she is clumsy.

B.   When Riley fails to make the volleyball team, she believes that no one has ever felt so disappointed.

C.   Benny goes to the Friday night football game with a group of friends and cheers as loud as anyone else.

D.   Harry believes that he will never have a car accident because he is a better driver than most people.

A.   metacognition.

B.   the personal fable.

C.   the imaginary audience.

D.   hypothetico-deductive reasoning.

A.   Horatio will be more likely in the future to take his parents' car without asking than peers who have not tried it.

B.   Horatio will be less likely in the future to take his parents' car without asking than peers who have not tried it.

C.   Horatio will rate the benefits of taking his parents' car without asking lower than peers who have not tried it.

D.   Horatio will rate the risks of taking his parents' car without asking higher than peers who have not tried it.

A.   role confusion.

B.   inferiority.

C.   isolation.

D.   mistrust.

A.   an identity crisis and a resolution.

B.   exploration followed by commitment.

C.   forming an ideal self.

D.   experimentation and error.

A.   achievement.

B.   foreclosure.

C.   diffusion.

D.   moratorium.

A.   achievement.

B.   diffusion.

C.   moratorium.

D.   foreclosure.

A.   diffusion.

B.   achievement.

C.   moratorium.

D.   foreclosure.

A.   encouraging them to explore the meaning of ethnicity in their lives.

B.   ensuring that they learn English, rather than retaining their native language.

C.   discouraging contact with peers of the same ethnicity and encouraging assimilation.

D.   encouraging them to reject the dominant culture until they establish ethnic identity.

A.   preconventional

B.   postconventional

C.   universal ethical

D.   conventional

A.   formal religious involvement tends to increase.

B.   formal religious involvement tends to decline.

C.   most young people reject the idea of a "higher being."

D.   church attendance becomes a major source of parent–child conflict.

A.   Chronic depression affects 15 to 20 percent of U.S. teenagers.

B.   Boys are more likely than girls to report a depressed mood.

C.   Heredity plays little to no role in adolescent depression.

D.   Depression is the most common psychological problem of adolescence.

A.   Parents should not be concerned about teenagers' commenting, "I wish I were dead," because adolescents are overly dramatic.

B.   Parents and teachers must be trained to pick up on the signals that a troubled teenager sends.

C.   Gun-control legislation that restricts the availability of firearms to adolescents has little impact on suicide rates.

D.   It is nearly impossible to prevent adolescent suicide, as teenagers rarely exhibit warning signs around adults.

A.   Visual acuity increases.

B.   The muscles controlling the pupil weaken.

C.   Color discrimination improves.

D.   The lens narrows and becomes more elastic.

A.   vision

B.   hearing

C.   the cardiovascular system

D.   the muscular system

A.   angina.

B.   hypertension.

C.   arrhythmia.

D.   atherosclerosis.

A.   declines by 10 percent per decade after age 25.

B.   remains constant until about age 50.

C.   increases by 10 percent per decade after age 25.

D.   declines by 5 percent per decade throughout the lifespan.

A.   consistent changes in the uterus after age 35.

B.   decreases in semen volume and sperm motility after age 35.

C.   decreases in percentage of normal sperm after age 25.

D.   increases in number of ova, but decreases in ova quality.

A.   is a personal choice.

B.   is not treatable.

C.   is strongly associated with serious health problems.

D.   drops in early and middle adulthood.

A.   believe that only temporary lifestyle changes are needed.

B.   use social support and to be conscious of their behavior.

C.   restrict their weight-reduction plan to no longer than 25 weeks.

D.   sincerely believe that they eat less than they do.

A.   As number of sex partners increases, satisfaction declines sharply.

B.   Most married adults say they are only somewhat happy with their sex lives.

C.   More men than women report persistent sexual problems.

D.   People who engage in casual dating have the most physically satisfying sex lives.

A.   safety planning, but only if the abuser is still present.

B.   reinforcing rape myths.

C.   teaching social skills and social awareness.

D.   supporting gender stereotypes with evidence.

A.   partners with similar attributes tend to be less satisfied with their relationship.

B.   men prefer a same-age or slightly older partner.

C.   partners who are similar in personality are more likely to stay together.

D.   strong support exists for the idea that "opposites attract."

A.   triangular theory of love

B.   adaptation to life theory

C.   seasons of love theory

D.   intimacy versus isolation stage

A.   is usually permanent, with few young adults returning home.

B.   is a major step toward assuming adult responsibilities.

C.   is one phase of the family life cycle that all adults experience.

D.   occurs at an earlier age than in the past.

A.   Peter and Linda, who share family responsibilities

B.   Roger and Daisy, who maintain distance from extended family

C.   David and Veronica, who had a child together before they got married

D.   Clark and Marian, who were both 19 when they got married

A.   Relying on extended family for financial support

B.   Postponing childbearing until the late twenties or thirties

C.   Reverting to traditional gender roles of husband and wife

D.   Having the first child within the first year or two of marriage

A.   attend couples' therapy

B.   have traditional gender roles around the home

C.   engage in effective coparenting

D.   delay childbirth until their thirties

A.   beginning; adolescence

B.   end; middle childhood

C.   end; adolescence

D.   beginning; middle childhood

A.   Many teen mothers perceive their babies as less difficult.

B.   Teenage mothers spend more of their parenting years as single parents.

C.   Today, about 95 percent of U.S. adolescent mothers graduate from high school.

D.   Very few teen mothers experience pregnancy and birth complications.

A.   formal operational

B.   sensorimotor

C.   concrete operational

D.   preoperational

A.   boring and ordinary.

B.   idealistic and overly critical.

C.   the focus of everyone else's attention and concern

D.   special and unique.

A.   diffused

B.   delayed

C.   foreclosed

D.   achieved