A.   the growth of underarm hair.

B.   menarche.

C.   extreme and unpredictable moodiness.

D.   the budding of the breasts and the growth spurt.

A.   ovaries

B.   scrotum

C.   pubic hair

D.   testes

A.   Ashley, who is impoverished

B.   Abbie, who is in a rigorous gymnastics training program

C.   Chandra, who lives in a conflict-ridden family

D.   Mary, who eats very little

A.   soaring rates of overweight and obesity

B.   eating disorders, such as anorexia and bulimia,

C.   increased rates of infectious disease

D.   lack of standardized health care and high poverty rates

A.   react more strongly to stressful events and experience pleasurable stimuli more intensely.

B.   have difficulty storing and retrieving long-term memories.

C.   become capable of reading and interpreting emotional cues.

D.   cope better with stressful events and rarely experience negative emotion.

A.   are less likely to engage in high-risk behaviors.

B.   display increases in executive function.

C.   are more likely to suffer from anxiety and depression

D.   perform better on cognitive tasks in the morning hours.

A.   everyday matters; driving, dating partners, and curfews

B.   moral issues; lying, stealing, and cheating

C.   important family values; a belief in a higher power

D.   school issues; the importance of education

A.   early-maturing boys

B.   late-maturing boys

C.   early-maturing girls

D.   late-maturing girls

A.   About 10 percent of North American and Western European teenagers are affected.

B.   Anorexia nervosa is equally common in all SES groups.

C.   Although being anorexic is unhealthy, it is rarely fatal.

D.   Boys account for less than 1 percent of anorexia cases.

A.   Living in a high-crime neighborhood

B.   Living in an economically privileged home

C.   Experiencing later puberty

D.   Having higher educational aspirations

A.   Even teenagers who report talking openly with their parents about sex are unlikely to use birth control.

B.   About 14 percent of sexually active U.S. teenagers do not use contraception consistently.

C.   Adolescent contraceptive use has decreased in recent years.

D.   School sex education classes prevent teenagers from having unprotected sex.

A.   earlier intercourse than their heterosexual agemates.

B.   an inner struggle that is intensified by a lack of role models and social support.

C.   same-sex physical attraction, on average, between ages 6 and 8.

D.   gender confusion and sexual questioning.

A.   personal choice; prenatal biological influences

B.   social influences; genetic factors

C.   genetic factors; prenatal biological influences

D.   genetic factors; authoritarian child rearing

A.   fare better if the teenage parent drops out of high school.

B.   score higher on intelligence tests than children of adult mothers.

C.   have a better chance of graduating high school than children of adult mothers.

D.   often become adolescent parents.

A.   last only a few sessions.

B.   do not encourage the use of contraceptives.

C.   focus on promoting the value of abstinence

D.   teach techniques for handling sexual situations.

A.   alcohol

B.   marijuana

C.   cigarettes

D.   cocaine

A.   hypothetico-deductive reasoning.

B.   animistic thinking.

C.   practical intelligence.

D.   transitive inference.

A.   When Riley fails to make the volleyball team, she believes that no one has ever felt so disappointed.

B.   When her fork falls off her tray in the cafeteria, Hannah is certain that everyone is thinking that she is clumsy.

C.   Benny goes to the Friday night football game with a group of friends and cheers as loud as anyone else.

D.   Harry believes that he will never have a car accident because he is a better driver than most people.

A.   metacognition.

B.   the personal fable.

C.   the imaginary audience.

D.   hypothetico-deductive reasoning.

A.   Horatio will be less likely in the future to take his parents' car without asking than peers who have not tried it.

B.   Horatio will rate the risks of taking his parents' car without asking higher than peers who have not tried it.

C.   Horatio will rate the benefits of taking his parents' car without asking lower than peers who have not tried it.

D.   Horatio will be more likely in the future to take his parents' car without asking than peers who have not tried it.

A.   mistrust.

B.   role confusion.

C.   inferiority.

D.   isolation.

A.   forming an ideal self.

B.   experimentation and error.

C.   exploration followed by commitment.

D.   an identity crisis and a resolution.

A.   foreclosure.

B.   diffusion.

C.   moratorium.

D.   achievement.

A.   moratorium.

B.   diffusion.

C.   achievement.

D.   foreclosure.

A.   foreclosure.

B.   achievement.

C.   moratorium.

D.   diffusion.

A.   encouraging them to explore the meaning of ethnicity in their lives.

B.   encouraging them to reject the dominant culture until they establish ethnic identity.

C.   ensuring that they learn English, rather than retaining their native language.

D.   discouraging contact with peers of the same ethnicity and encouraging assimilation.

A.   universal ethical

B.   preconventional

C.   postconventional

D.   conventional

A.   most young people reject the idea of a "higher being."

B.   church attendance becomes a major source of parent–child conflict.

C.   formal religious involvement tends to decline.

D.   formal religious involvement tends to increase.

A.   Depression is the most common psychological problem of adolescence.

B.   Chronic depression affects 15 to 20 percent of U.S. teenagers.

C.   Heredity plays little to no role in adolescent depression.

D.   Boys are more likely than girls to report a depressed mood.

A.   Parents and teachers must be trained to pick up on the signals that a troubled teenager sends.

B.   Parents should not be concerned about teenagers' commenting, "I wish I were dead," because adolescents are overly dramatic.

C.   It is nearly impossible to prevent adolescent suicide, as teenagers rarely exhibit warning signs around adults.

D.   Gun-control legislation that restricts the availability of firearms to adolescents has little impact on suicide rates.

A.   Color discrimination improves.

B.   The lens narrows and becomes more elastic.

C.   Visual acuity increases.

D.   The muscles controlling the pupil weaken.

A.   the muscular system

B.   vision

C.   the cardiovascular system

D.   hearing

A.   hypertension.

B.   atherosclerosis.

C.   arrhythmia.

D.   angina.

A.   remains constant until about age 50.

B.   declines by 10 percent per decade after age 25.

C.   increases by 10 percent per decade after age 25.

D.   declines by 5 percent per decade throughout the lifespan.

A.   increases in number of ova, but decreases in ova quality.

B.   decreases in percentage of normal sperm after age 25.

C.   decreases in semen volume and sperm motility after age 35.

D.   consistent changes in the uterus after age 35.

A.   drops in early and middle adulthood.

B.   is a personal choice.

C.   is strongly associated with serious health problems.

D.   is not treatable.

A.   use social support and to be conscious of their behavior.

B.   believe that only temporary lifestyle changes are needed.

C.   sincerely believe that they eat less than they do.

D.   restrict their weight-reduction plan to no longer than 25 weeks.

A.   Most married adults say they are only somewhat happy with their sex lives.

B.   As number of sex partners increases, satisfaction declines sharply.

C.   People who engage in casual dating have the most physically satisfying sex lives.

D.   More men than women report persistent sexual problems.

A.   supporting gender stereotypes with evidence.

B.   safety planning, but only if the abuser is still present.

C.   teaching social skills and social awareness.

D.   reinforcing rape myths.

A.   strong support exists for the idea that "opposites attract."

B.   partners who are similar in personality are more likely to stay together.

C.   partners with similar attributes tend to be less satisfied with their relationship.

D.   men prefer a same-age or slightly older partner.

A.   intimacy versus isolation stage

B.   adaptation to life theory

C.   triangular theory of love

D.   seasons of love theory

A.   occurs at an earlier age than in the past.

B.   is usually permanent, with few young adults returning home.

C.   is a major step toward assuming adult responsibilities.

D.   is one phase of the family life cycle that all adults experience.

A.   Peter and Linda, who share family responsibilities

B.   Clark and Marian, who were both 19 when they got married

C.   Roger and Daisy, who maintain distance from extended family

D.   David and Veronica, who had a child together before they got married

A.   Reverting to traditional gender roles of husband and wife

B.   Having the first child within the first year or two of marriage

C.   Postponing childbearing until the late twenties or thirties

D.   Relying on extended family for financial support

A.   engage in effective coparenting

B.   have traditional gender roles around the home

C.   attend couples' therapy

D.   delay childbirth until their thirties

A.   end; middle childhood

B.   end; adolescence

C.   beginning; adolescence

D.   beginning; middle childhood

A.   Many teen mothers perceive their babies as less difficult.

B.   Teenage mothers spend more of their parenting years as single parents.

C.   Today, about 95 percent of U.S. adolescent mothers graduate from high school.

D.   Very few teen mothers experience pregnancy and birth complications.

A.   sensorimotor

B.   concrete operational

C.   preoperational

D.   formal operational

A.   the focus of everyone else's attention and concern

B.   idealistic and overly critical.

C.   boring and ordinary.

D.   special and unique.

A.   foreclosed

B.   delayed

C.   achieved

D.   diffused