A.   the growth of underarm hair.

B.   extreme and unpredictable moodiness.

C.   the budding of the breasts and the growth spurt.

D.   menarche.

A.   pubic hair

B.   ovaries

C.   scrotum

D.   testes

A.   Ashley, who is impoverished

B.   Abbie, who is in a rigorous gymnastics training program

C.   Chandra, who lives in a conflict-ridden family

D.   Mary, who eats very little

A.   eating disorders, such as anorexia and bulimia,

B.   soaring rates of overweight and obesity

C.   increased rates of infectious disease

D.   lack of standardized health care and high poverty rates

A.   have difficulty storing and retrieving long-term memories.

B.   react more strongly to stressful events and experience pleasurable stimuli more intensely.

C.   become capable of reading and interpreting emotional cues.

D.   cope better with stressful events and rarely experience negative emotion.

A.   perform better on cognitive tasks in the morning hours.

B.   display increases in executive function.

C.   are less likely to engage in high-risk behaviors.

D.   are more likely to suffer from anxiety and depression

A.   moral issues; lying, stealing, and cheating

B.   everyday matters; driving, dating partners, and curfews

C.   school issues; the importance of education

D.   important family values; a belief in a higher power

A.   early-maturing boys

B.   early-maturing girls

C.   late-maturing girls

D.   late-maturing boys

A.   Although being anorexic is unhealthy, it is rarely fatal.

B.   About 10 percent of North American and Western European teenagers are affected.

C.   Boys account for less than 1 percent of anorexia cases.

D.   Anorexia nervosa is equally common in all SES groups.

A.   Experiencing later puberty

B.   Living in a high-crime neighborhood

C.   Having higher educational aspirations

D.   Living in an economically privileged home

A.   Even teenagers who report talking openly with their parents about sex are unlikely to use birth control.

B.   School sex education classes prevent teenagers from having unprotected sex.

C.   Adolescent contraceptive use has decreased in recent years.

D.   About 14 percent of sexually active U.S. teenagers do not use contraception consistently.

A.   same-sex physical attraction, on average, between ages 6 and 8.

B.   earlier intercourse than their heterosexual agemates.

C.   gender confusion and sexual questioning.

D.   an inner struggle that is intensified by a lack of role models and social support.

A.   social influences; genetic factors

B.   personal choice; prenatal biological influences

C.   genetic factors; authoritarian child rearing

D.   genetic factors; prenatal biological influences

A.   have a better chance of graduating high school than children of adult mothers.

B.   score higher on intelligence tests than children of adult mothers.

C.   fare better if the teenage parent drops out of high school.

D.   often become adolescent parents.

A.   do not encourage the use of contraceptives.

B.   teach techniques for handling sexual situations.

C.   last only a few sessions.

D.   focus on promoting the value of abstinence

A.   marijuana

B.   cigarettes

C.   cocaine

D.   alcohol

A.   practical intelligence.

B.   transitive inference.

C.   hypothetico-deductive reasoning.

D.   animistic thinking.

A.   Harry believes that he will never have a car accident because he is a better driver than most people.

B.   When Riley fails to make the volleyball team, she believes that no one has ever felt so disappointed.

C.   When her fork falls off her tray in the cafeteria, Hannah is certain that everyone is thinking that she is clumsy.

D.   Benny goes to the Friday night football game with a group of friends and cheers as loud as anyone else.

A.   metacognition.

B.   the imaginary audience.

C.   hypothetico-deductive reasoning.

D.   the personal fable.

A.   Horatio will be less likely in the future to take his parents' car without asking than peers who have not tried it.

B.   Horatio will rate the benefits of taking his parents' car without asking lower than peers who have not tried it.

C.   Horatio will be more likely in the future to take his parents' car without asking than peers who have not tried it.

D.   Horatio will rate the risks of taking his parents' car without asking higher than peers who have not tried it.

A.   role confusion.

B.   mistrust.

C.   inferiority.

D.   isolation.

A.   experimentation and error.

B.   an identity crisis and a resolution.

C.   forming an ideal self.

D.   exploration followed by commitment.

A.   moratorium.

B.   diffusion.

C.   foreclosure.

D.   achievement.

A.   foreclosure.

B.   moratorium.

C.   diffusion.

D.   achievement.

A.   diffusion.

B.   achievement.

C.   foreclosure.

D.   moratorium.

A.   encouraging them to reject the dominant culture until they establish ethnic identity.

B.   ensuring that they learn English, rather than retaining their native language.

C.   discouraging contact with peers of the same ethnicity and encouraging assimilation.

D.   encouraging them to explore the meaning of ethnicity in their lives.

A.   postconventional

B.   universal ethical

C.   conventional

D.   preconventional

A.   formal religious involvement tends to decline.

B.   formal religious involvement tends to increase.

C.   church attendance becomes a major source of parent–child conflict.

D.   most young people reject the idea of a "higher being."

A.   Boys are more likely than girls to report a depressed mood.

B.   Heredity plays little to no role in adolescent depression.

C.   Chronic depression affects 15 to 20 percent of U.S. teenagers.

D.   Depression is the most common psychological problem of adolescence.

A.   Gun-control legislation that restricts the availability of firearms to adolescents has little impact on suicide rates.

B.   Parents and teachers must be trained to pick up on the signals that a troubled teenager sends.

C.   It is nearly impossible to prevent adolescent suicide, as teenagers rarely exhibit warning signs around adults.

D.   Parents should not be concerned about teenagers' commenting, "I wish I were dead," because adolescents are overly dramatic.

A.   The muscles controlling the pupil weaken.

B.   Visual acuity increases.

C.   Color discrimination improves.

D.   The lens narrows and becomes more elastic.

A.   the muscular system

B.   hearing

C.   the cardiovascular system

D.   vision

A.   hypertension.

B.   atherosclerosis.

C.   arrhythmia.

D.   angina.

A.   declines by 10 percent per decade after age 25.

B.   remains constant until about age 50.

C.   declines by 5 percent per decade throughout the lifespan.

D.   increases by 10 percent per decade after age 25.

A.   consistent changes in the uterus after age 35.

B.   decreases in percentage of normal sperm after age 25.

C.   increases in number of ova, but decreases in ova quality.

D.   decreases in semen volume and sperm motility after age 35.

A.   is not treatable.

B.   is strongly associated with serious health problems.

C.   drops in early and middle adulthood.

D.   is a personal choice.

A.   believe that only temporary lifestyle changes are needed.

B.   sincerely believe that they eat less than they do.

C.   use social support and to be conscious of their behavior.

D.   restrict their weight-reduction plan to no longer than 25 weeks.

A.   Most married adults say they are only somewhat happy with their sex lives.

B.   People who engage in casual dating have the most physically satisfying sex lives.

C.   More men than women report persistent sexual problems.

D.   As number of sex partners increases, satisfaction declines sharply.

A.   reinforcing rape myths.

B.   supporting gender stereotypes with evidence.

C.   teaching social skills and social awareness.

D.   safety planning, but only if the abuser is still present.

A.   partners with similar attributes tend to be less satisfied with their relationship.

B.   men prefer a same-age or slightly older partner.

C.   partners who are similar in personality are more likely to stay together.

D.   strong support exists for the idea that "opposites attract."

A.   triangular theory of love

B.   adaptation to life theory

C.   seasons of love theory

D.   intimacy versus isolation stage

A.   occurs at an earlier age than in the past.

B.   is one phase of the family life cycle that all adults experience.

C.   is usually permanent, with few young adults returning home.

D.   is a major step toward assuming adult responsibilities.

A.   Peter and Linda, who share family responsibilities

B.   Roger and Daisy, who maintain distance from extended family

C.   Clark and Marian, who were both 19 when they got married

D.   David and Veronica, who had a child together before they got married

A.   Having the first child within the first year or two of marriage

B.   Reverting to traditional gender roles of husband and wife

C.   Relying on extended family for financial support

D.   Postponing childbearing until the late twenties or thirties

A.   delay childbirth until their thirties

B.   attend couples' therapy

C.   have traditional gender roles around the home

D.   engage in effective coparenting

A.   beginning; adolescence

B.   beginning; middle childhood

C.   end; middle childhood

D.   end; adolescence

A.   Many teen mothers perceive their babies as less difficult.

B.   Very few teen mothers experience pregnancy and birth complications.

C.   Today, about 95 percent of U.S. adolescent mothers graduate from high school.

D.   Teenage mothers spend more of their parenting years as single parents.

A.   preoperational

B.   concrete operational

C.   formal operational

D.   sensorimotor

A.   boring and ordinary.

B.   the focus of everyone else's attention and concern

C.   special and unique.

D.   idealistic and overly critical.

A.   achieved

B.   diffused

C.   delayed

D.   foreclosed