A.   extreme and unpredictable moodiness.

B.   the budding of the breasts and the growth spurt.

C.   menarche.

D.   the growth of underarm hair.

A.   testes

B.   ovaries

C.   scrotum

D.   pubic hair

A.   Mary, who eats very little

B.   Ashley, who is impoverished

C.   Chandra, who lives in a conflict-ridden family

D.   Abbie, who is in a rigorous gymnastics training program

A.   lack of standardized health care and high poverty rates

B.   soaring rates of overweight and obesity

C.   increased rates of infectious disease

D.   eating disorders, such as anorexia and bulimia,

A.   have difficulty storing and retrieving long-term memories.

B.   cope better with stressful events and rarely experience negative emotion.

C.   become capable of reading and interpreting emotional cues.

D.   react more strongly to stressful events and experience pleasurable stimuli more intensely.

A.   are less likely to engage in high-risk behaviors.

B.   display increases in executive function.

C.   are more likely to suffer from anxiety and depression

D.   perform better on cognitive tasks in the morning hours.

A.   moral issues; lying, stealing, and cheating

B.   important family values; a belief in a higher power

C.   school issues; the importance of education

D.   everyday matters; driving, dating partners, and curfews

A.   early-maturing girls

B.   late-maturing boys

C.   late-maturing girls

D.   early-maturing boys

A.   About 10 percent of North American and Western European teenagers are affected.

B.   Although being anorexic is unhealthy, it is rarely fatal.

C.   Anorexia nervosa is equally common in all SES groups.

D.   Boys account for less than 1 percent of anorexia cases.

A.   Experiencing later puberty

B.   Living in a high-crime neighborhood

C.   Living in an economically privileged home

D.   Having higher educational aspirations

A.   School sex education classes prevent teenagers from having unprotected sex.

B.   About 14 percent of sexually active U.S. teenagers do not use contraception consistently.

C.   Adolescent contraceptive use has decreased in recent years.

D.   Even teenagers who report talking openly with their parents about sex are unlikely to use birth control.

A.   earlier intercourse than their heterosexual agemates.

B.   an inner struggle that is intensified by a lack of role models and social support.

C.   same-sex physical attraction, on average, between ages 6 and 8.

D.   gender confusion and sexual questioning.

A.   genetic factors; prenatal biological influences

B.   genetic factors; authoritarian child rearing

C.   personal choice; prenatal biological influences

D.   social influences; genetic factors

A.   have a better chance of graduating high school than children of adult mothers.

B.   score higher on intelligence tests than children of adult mothers.

C.   fare better if the teenage parent drops out of high school.

D.   often become adolescent parents.

A.   teach techniques for handling sexual situations.

B.   focus on promoting the value of abstinence

C.   do not encourage the use of contraceptives.

D.   last only a few sessions.

A.   marijuana

B.   cigarettes

C.   alcohol

D.   cocaine

A.   transitive inference.

B.   hypothetico-deductive reasoning.

C.   practical intelligence.

D.   animistic thinking.

A.   When Riley fails to make the volleyball team, she believes that no one has ever felt so disappointed.

B.   When her fork falls off her tray in the cafeteria, Hannah is certain that everyone is thinking that she is clumsy.

C.   Harry believes that he will never have a car accident because he is a better driver than most people.

D.   Benny goes to the Friday night football game with a group of friends and cheers as loud as anyone else.

A.   the personal fable.

B.   the imaginary audience.

C.   hypothetico-deductive reasoning.

D.   metacognition.

A.   Horatio will rate the benefits of taking his parents' car without asking lower than peers who have not tried it.

B.   Horatio will be less likely in the future to take his parents' car without asking than peers who have not tried it.

C.   Horatio will be more likely in the future to take his parents' car without asking than peers who have not tried it.

D.   Horatio will rate the risks of taking his parents' car without asking higher than peers who have not tried it.

A.   inferiority.

B.   role confusion.

C.   mistrust.

D.   isolation.

A.   an identity crisis and a resolution.

B.   forming an ideal self.

C.   exploration followed by commitment.

D.   experimentation and error.

A.   foreclosure.

B.   moratorium.

C.   achievement.

D.   diffusion.

A.   foreclosure.

B.   diffusion.

C.   moratorium.

D.   achievement.

A.   achievement.

B.   foreclosure.

C.   diffusion.

D.   moratorium.

A.   ensuring that they learn English, rather than retaining their native language.

B.   encouraging them to explore the meaning of ethnicity in their lives.

C.   discouraging contact with peers of the same ethnicity and encouraging assimilation.

D.   encouraging them to reject the dominant culture until they establish ethnic identity.

A.   conventional

B.   postconventional

C.   universal ethical

D.   preconventional

A.   formal religious involvement tends to decline.

B.   most young people reject the idea of a "higher being."

C.   church attendance becomes a major source of parent–child conflict.

D.   formal religious involvement tends to increase.

A.   Boys are more likely than girls to report a depressed mood.

B.   Depression is the most common psychological problem of adolescence.

C.   Heredity plays little to no role in adolescent depression.

D.   Chronic depression affects 15 to 20 percent of U.S. teenagers.

A.   It is nearly impossible to prevent adolescent suicide, as teenagers rarely exhibit warning signs around adults.

B.   Parents and teachers must be trained to pick up on the signals that a troubled teenager sends.

C.   Gun-control legislation that restricts the availability of firearms to adolescents has little impact on suicide rates.

D.   Parents should not be concerned about teenagers' commenting, "I wish I were dead," because adolescents are overly dramatic.

A.   The lens narrows and becomes more elastic.

B.   Visual acuity increases.

C.   The muscles controlling the pupil weaken.

D.   Color discrimination improves.

A.   hearing

B.   the cardiovascular system

C.   the muscular system

D.   vision

A.   atherosclerosis.

B.   hypertension.

C.   angina.

D.   arrhythmia.

A.   remains constant until about age 50.

B.   declines by 5 percent per decade throughout the lifespan.

C.   increases by 10 percent per decade after age 25.

D.   declines by 10 percent per decade after age 25.

A.   decreases in percentage of normal sperm after age 25.

B.   increases in number of ova, but decreases in ova quality.

C.   consistent changes in the uterus after age 35.

D.   decreases in semen volume and sperm motility after age 35.

A.   is not treatable.

B.   is strongly associated with serious health problems.

C.   is a personal choice.

D.   drops in early and middle adulthood.

A.   use social support and to be conscious of their behavior.

B.   believe that only temporary lifestyle changes are needed.

C.   sincerely believe that they eat less than they do.

D.   restrict their weight-reduction plan to no longer than 25 weeks.

A.   As number of sex partners increases, satisfaction declines sharply.

B.   People who engage in casual dating have the most physically satisfying sex lives.

C.   More men than women report persistent sexual problems.

D.   Most married adults say they are only somewhat happy with their sex lives.

A.   safety planning, but only if the abuser is still present.

B.   supporting gender stereotypes with evidence.

C.   reinforcing rape myths.

D.   teaching social skills and social awareness.

A.   partners who are similar in personality are more likely to stay together.

B.   men prefer a same-age or slightly older partner.

C.   strong support exists for the idea that "opposites attract."

D.   partners with similar attributes tend to be less satisfied with their relationship.

A.   intimacy versus isolation stage

B.   seasons of love theory

C.   adaptation to life theory

D.   triangular theory of love

A.   is one phase of the family life cycle that all adults experience.

B.   occurs at an earlier age than in the past.

C.   is a major step toward assuming adult responsibilities.

D.   is usually permanent, with few young adults returning home.

A.   Peter and Linda, who share family responsibilities

B.   Roger and Daisy, who maintain distance from extended family

C.   David and Veronica, who had a child together before they got married

D.   Clark and Marian, who were both 19 when they got married

A.   Relying on extended family for financial support

B.   Postponing childbearing until the late twenties or thirties

C.   Having the first child within the first year or two of marriage

D.   Reverting to traditional gender roles of husband and wife

A.   have traditional gender roles around the home

B.   engage in effective coparenting

C.   delay childbirth until their thirties

D.   attend couples' therapy

A.   beginning; adolescence

B.   beginning; middle childhood

C.   end; adolescence

D.   end; middle childhood

A.   Many teen mothers perceive their babies as less difficult.

B.   Today, about 95 percent of U.S. adolescent mothers graduate from high school.

C.   Teenage mothers spend more of their parenting years as single parents.

D.   Very few teen mothers experience pregnancy and birth complications.

A.   sensorimotor

B.   preoperational

C.   concrete operational

D.   formal operational

A.   idealistic and overly critical.

B.   special and unique.

C.   the focus of everyone else's attention and concern

D.   boring and ordinary.

A.   foreclosed

B.   diffused

C.   delayed

D.   achieved