Psychology 041 - Lifespan Psychology » Fall 2020 » Chapter 15, 16, 17, and 18 Final Exam

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Question #1
According to his eye doctor, 60-year-old Bobby has developed a condition called presbyopia. This means that
A.   the vitreous has developed opaque areas, reducing light to the retina.
B.   the lens has lost its capacity to adjust to objects at varying distances entirely.
C.   his vision is more disputed by bright light sources, such as headlights.
D.   the size of his pupil has shrunk and the lens has yellowed.
Question #2
The first sign of presbycusis is
A.   a buildup of pressure within the eye.
B.   an "age spot."
C.   wrinkling and loosening of the skin.
D.   a noticeable hearing loss at high frequencies.
Question #3
To offset both excess weight and muscle loss, people should
A.   gradually increase their caloric intake.
B.   engage in weight-bearing exercise that includes resistance training.
C.   gradually add more carbohydrates and fat to their diet.
D.   engage in endurance training that focuses on raising heart rate.
Question #4
Jeanine is 55 years old. According to her doctor, Jeanine's reproductive capacity has ended. She has reached the midlife reproductive transition called
A.   HRT.
B.   the climacteric.
C.   menarche.
D.   senescence.
Question #5
Which of the following women is the most likely to reach menopause the earliest?
A.   Lisa, who has not borne children
B.   Maryann, who has borne five children
C.   Yessica, who has borne one child
D.   Mei Wu, who has borne three children
Question #6
When more than 2,000 U.S. women were asked what their feelings were about no longer menstruating, 60 percent said they felt
A.   relieved.
B.   old.
C.   depressed.
D.   ashamed.
Question #7
__________ with age, but the change is minimal in healthy men who continue to engage in sexual activity.
A.   Blood flow to the penis increases
B.   Testosterone production declines
C.   Motility of sperm increases
D.   Testosterone production increases
Question #8
The leading causes of U.S. deaths in middle age are __________ and __________.
A.   motor vehicle collisions; cancer
B.   cancer; cardiovascular disease
C.   falls; cardiovascular disease
D.   falls; motor vehicle collisions
Question #9
From early to middle adulthood, the cancer death rate
A.   multiplies sixfold.
B.   quadruples.
C.   triples.
D.   multiplies tenfold.
Question #10
Lung cancer
A.   is the most common cause of cancer deaths in both genders, worldwide.
B.   rates have dropped in women over the past two decades.
C.   rates have just begun to decrease in men after a long period of increase.
D.   is the leading malignancy for both genders.
Question #11
Most women with breast cancer
A.   do not have a family history.
B.   die from the disease.
C.   have had two or more children.
D.   do not live past age 75.
Question #12
Which of the following statements about cancer is true?
A.   Colon cancer is the leading killer of men.
B.   Survival rates are relatively high for pancreatic cancer.
C.   Annual medical exams do little to reduce cancer death rates.
D.   Prostate cancer is the leading malignancy for men.
Question #13
Current evidence pinpoints __________ as a "toxic" ingredient of the Type A behavior pattern.
A.   productivity
B.   hostility
C.   ambition
D.   competitiveness
Question #14
Jane is critical and condescending towards her colleagues. She can be rude and is prone to angry outbursts. Jane's __________ is associated with greater cardiovascular arousal, coronary artery plaque buildup, and heart disease.
A.   expressed hostility
B.   passive-aggressiveness
C.   socially submissive emotional style
D.   suppressed overt anger
Question #15
Brenda deals with stress by taking long baths and watching movies. She uses __________ coping.
A.   problem-centered
B.   relaxation-centered
C.   holistic
D.   emotion-centered
Question #16
Which of the following statements about exercise in middle adulthood is true?
A.   Overweight adults are more likely than normal-weight adults to stick to group classes.
B.   Nearly 40 percent of U.S. middle-aged adults are sedentary.
C.   An important outcome of starting an exercise program is weight loss.
D.   Regular exercise equips adults to handle stress more effectively.
Question #17
Kay displays a committed, involved approach to daily activities. She regards most experiences as controllable and she views change as a challenge. Kay displays
A.   a Type B behavior pattern.
B.   a Type A behavior pattern.
C.   hardiness.
D.   resilience.
Question #18
__________ either remains unchanged or increases into midlife.
A.   Inhibition
B.   The ability to switch between mental operations
C.   Retrieval from long-term memory
D.   General factual knowledge
Question #19
Adult learners who report high psychological stress typically are
A.   single men.
B.   single women.
C.   married women with nonsupportive partners.
D.   high-SES men and women.
Question #20
Martin, age 47, is single and has no children. Which of the following of Martin's activities reflects generativity?
A.   Martin attends worship services two times per week and participates in a Bible study group.
B.   Martin works out at the gym three evenings a week and runs every night.
C.   Martin volunteers at the YMCA as a basketball coach for the youth program.
D.   Martin participates in community theater and starred in a local production of Guys and Dolls.
Question #21
Which of the following middle-aged adults is the most likely to be stagnant?
A.   James, who volunteers at a local children's theater
B.   Barbara, who spends little time with her grown children
C.   Allison, who is a mentor in her workplace
D.   Jonathan, who volunteers at a teen crisis center
Question #22
During middle adulthood, __________ may contribute to the increase in effective coping.
A.   lowered expectations for family and friends
B.   being perceived as wise by younger people
C.   professional and financial stability
D.   greater confidence in handling life's problems
Question #23
Kimberly tends to worry a lot. She is temperamental, emotional, and vulnerable. She is high on which of the following "big five" personality traits?
A.   neuroticism
B.   extroversion
C.   agreeableness
D.   openness to experience
Question #24
Individuals who are high in openness to experience are
A.   affectionate, talkative, active, and passionate.
B.   soft-hearted, trusting, generous, and good-natured.
C.   worrying, temperamental, self-pitying, and vulnerable.
D.   imaginative, creative, original, curious, and liberal.
Question #25
Monica is ruthless, suspicious, stingy, antagonistic, critical, and irritable. Monica is low in
A.   conscientiousness.
B.   neuroticism.
C.   openness to experience.
D.   agreeableness.
Question #26
Individuals who are low in conscientiousness are
A.   talkative, passive, sober, passionate, and conservative.
B.   calm, even-tempered, self-content, unemotional, and hardy.
C.   negligent, lazy, disorganized, late, aimless, and nonpersistent.
D.   ruthless, suspicious, stingy, critical, and irritable.
Question #27
Which of the following statements about divorce in midlife is true?
A.   Midlifers seem to adapt to divorce more easily than younger people.
B.   The U.S. divorce rate is lowest during midlife.
C.   Because adults in midlife are psychologically more stable, marital satisfaction is less relevant.
D.   The divorce rate of U.S. 50- to 65-year-olds has fallen over the past 20 years.
Question #28
Which of the following statements about caring for aging parents is true?
A.   In all ethnic groups, responsibility for providing care to aging parents falls more on sons than on daughters.
B.   Sons feel more obligated than daughters to care for their aging parents.
C.   Nearly one-fourth of American working women are caregivers; others quit their jobs to provide care.
D.   Employed men spend an average of 10 to 20 hours per week caring for parents or parents-in-law.
Question #29
Which of the following statements about friendship for 43-year-old Janet and 51-year-old Brendan is probably true?
A.   Both Janet and Brendan have become more selective about their friendships.
B.   Brendan's friends protect him against serious threats and losses.
C.   Brendan has more friends than he did in early adulthood.
D.   Janet has more friends than she did in early adulthood.
Question #30
Which of the following statements about life expectancy is true?
A.   When researchers estimate average healthy life expectancy, the United States ranks first among industrialized nations.
B.   The gender gap in life expectancy has widened in industrialized nations since the early 1970s.
C.   In the United States, an African-American child born in 2010 is likely to live 3 to 6 years longer than a Caucasian child.
D.   Length and quality of life can be predicted by a country's health care, housing, and social services, along with lifestyle factors.
Question #31
Robust centenarians usually have
A.   efficiently functioning immune systems.
B.   brain pathology, atherosclerosis, or immune-deficiency disorders.
C.   little or no history of community involvement.
D.   highly pessimistic personalities.
Question #32
Which of the following statements about the maximum lifespan for humans is true?
A.   Some scientists say that 122 years is the upper bound of human longevity, while others say that it can be extended.
B.   Scientists agree that it is more important to extend the maximum lifespan than the average healthy life expectancy.
C.   The longest-lived person, whose age could be documented, was a woman who lived to 112 years.
D.   In the United States, the maximum lifespan for women is 81 years and for men is 76 years.
Question #33
Betty, age 77, needs assistance with food preparation, housekeeping, and paying her bills. Betty cannot carry out some
A.   primary activities of active functioning (PAAFs).
B.   secondary activities of active functioning (SAAFs).
C.   activities of daily living (ADLs).
D.   instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs).
Question #34
According to Rita's eye doctor, she may go blind. The light-sensitive cells in the central region of her retina are breaking down, causing her central vision to blur. Rita is developing
A.   macular degeneration.
B.   glaucoma.
C.   monochromacy.
D.   cataracts.
Question #35
Regularly eating __________ high in polyunsaturated fatty acids offers some protection against mental disabilities.
A.   vegetables
B.   fruit
C.   fish
D.   beef
Question #36
Which of the following statements about exercise in late adulthood is true?
A.   Weight-bearing exercise promotes muscle size and strength, even if begun as late as age 90.
B.   "Taking it easy" is the best treatment for many chronic diseases.
C.   Brain scans show that physically fit older people experience more tissue loss in the cerebral cortex.
D.   Good nutrition and physical activity are only beneficial when they are lifelong habits.
Question #37
Marion has just learned that her brain contains an abundance of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques. Marion's doctors are probably concerned that she has
A.   had a stroke.
B.   Parkinson's disease.
C.   Huntington's disease.
D.   Alzheimer's disease.
Question #38
__________ is associated with a decreased risk of Alzheimer's disease.
A.   Having Down syndrome
B.   Taking ginko biloba
C.   Taking folic acid
D.   Having a higher education
Question #39
Francine is emotionally mature. She has broad practical knowledge and is able to apply that knowledge in ways that make life worthwhile. Francine displays
A.   fluid intelligence.
B.   crystallized intelligence.
C.   generativity.
D.   wisdom.
Question #40
Adults who arrive at a sense of integrity feel
A.   satisfied with their achievements.
B.   like something is missing.
C.   proud, but incomplete.
D.   life regrets.
Question #41
Reggie feels he made many wrong decisions, yet time is too short to find an alternate route to integrity. Reggie is experiencing
A.   ego differentiation.
B.   despair.
C.   isolation.
D.   stagnation.
Question #42
Which of the following statements about spirituality and religiosity in late adulthood is true?
A.   The late-life increase in religiosity is universal.
B.   Older adults typically attach little value to religious beliefs and behaviors.
C.   Spirituality may advance to a higher level—away from prescribed beliefs.
D.   Contrary to popular belief, U.S. seniors generally become less religious with age.
Question #43
Religious involvement is especially high in African-American communities because
A.   churches are an important source of financial support for African-American seniors.
B.   African-American seniors look to religion as a powerful resource for social support beyond the family.
C.   there are few other community resources available to them.
D.   family ties are often strained and unfulfilling.
Question #44
According to disengagement theory, society
A.   allows the old to withdraw by freeing them from employment and family responsibilities.
B.   encourages older people to disengage from social settings to focus their energies on family members.
C.   views seniors as incapable of benefiting from social engagement.
D.   allows older adults to give up their preoccupation with their inner lives and focus on others.
Question #45
According to __________ theory, older adults' life satisfaction depends on conditions that permit them to remain engaged in roles and relationships.
A.   disengagement
B.   continuity
C.   activity
D.   socioemotional selectivity
Question #46
As Jane grows older, she feels closer to her siblings and more connected with her spouse. At 85, her contact with acquaintances has diminished and she is left with a few very close relationships. She is not terribly interested in forming any new social ties. Jane's behavior is consistent with __________ theory.
A.   activity
B.   disengagement
C.   continuity
D.   socioemotional selectivity
Question #47
  
A.   Physical neglect, sexual abuse, and financial abuse
B.   Physical abuse, sexual abuse, and physical neglect
C.   Financial abuse, emotional abuse, and physical neglect
D.   Sexual abuse, financial abuse, and physical abuse
Question #48
The worse the caregiver–recipient relationship, the __________ the risk of __________.
A.   smaller; physical abuse
B.   greater; elder abuse of all kinds
C.   smaller; emotional abuse
D.   smaller; neglect
Question #49
__________ is usually the first consideration in the decision to retire.
A.   Affordability of retirement
B.   Which leisure activities to pursue
C.   Availability of a bridge job
D.   Availability of self-employment
Question #50
Tilda, age 83, is actively engaged with her family and community. She enjoys close friendships and leads a fulfilling daily life. Tilda fits the contemporary view of
A.   stagnation.
B.   optimal aging.
C.   gerotranscendence.
D.   generativity.

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