Physiology 001 - Introduction to Human Physiology » Winter 2021 » Lab Exam 1
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Question #1
Lugol's iodine (IKI) test will turn what color in the presence of starch ?
A.
red
B.
blue-black
C.
light blue
D.
pink
Question #2
Lugol’s iodine (IKI) reagent is used to determine the presence of which of the following?
A.
DNA
B.
starch
C.
lipids
D.
protein
E.
potassium permanganate
Question #3
What is the substrate of the amylase enzyme?
A.
lipids
B.
protein
C.
nucleic acids
D.
starch
E.
glucose
Question #4
What are the monomers of starch?
A.
nucleic acids
B.
lipids
C.
triglycerides
D.
monosaccharides
E.
amino acids
Question #5
An unknown solution was boiled for 5 minutes with Benedict’s reagent. The color of the solution went from blue to orange. What is present in the solution?
A.
lipids
B.
protein
C.
amino acids
D.
starch
E.
maltose
Question #6
Enzymes work as biological catalysts by ________________
A.
freezing the substrate that binds to that enzyme
B.
causing water to dissociate
C.
raising the temperature of a molecule
D.
lowering the activation energy required for a chemical reaction
Question #7
How did the activity of amylase change when we boiled the enzyme?
A.
no change in amylase activity
B.
increased amylase activity
C.
reduced amylase activity
D.
No answer text provided.
Question #8
In our salivary amylase (enzyme) lab we used controls to confirm the validity of our experiment. When all the required substances are included in an experiment, a positive control should give us a
A.
negative result
B.
positive result
Question #9
How did increasing the concentration gradient (difference) across the membrane influence the rate of diffusion?
A.
increased the temperature of our solution
B.
increased the rate of diffusion
C.
decreased the rate of diffusion
D.
no change in rate of diffusion
Question #10
Osmosis is the random movement of _______ molecules, through a selectively permeable membrane, from an area of _________ to ________ osmolarity, until equilibrium is reached.
A.
solute; low; high
B.
water; high; low
C.
solute; high; low
D.
water; low; high
Question #11
Diffusion is the random movement of molecules from an area of _________ to ________ concentration, until equilibrium is reached.
A.
low; high
B.
high; low
C.
none of the above
Question #12
A hypertonic solution is
A.
a solution with a lower concentration of solutes compared to the intracellular concentration
B.
a solution with the same concentration of solutes compared to the intracellular concentration
C.
a solution with a higher concentration of solutes compared to the intracellular concentration
D.
none of the above
Question #13
In our facilitated diffusion lab, we used glucose carrier proteins to facilitate the diffusion of glucose molecules across the membrane. What is the term that describes when all carrier proteins are occupied and not available to transport glucose across the membrane?
A.
osmosis
B.
saturation
C.
equilibrium
D.
osmolarity
Question #14
Which of the following dyes would diffuse the fastest?
A.
Dye A which has a molecular weight of 24.5 g/mol
B.
Dye B which has a molecular weight of 32.9 g/mol
C.
Dye C which has a molecular weight of 137.8 g/mol
D.
Dye D which has a molecular weight of 354.7 g/mol
Question #15
What mineral plays a crucial role in the release of neurotransmitters from the axon terminal?
A.
zinc
B.
potassium
C.
calcium
D.
sodium
Question #16
The distal end of an axon where neurotransmitters are stored in synaptic vesicles is called _______
A.
nodes of Ranvier
B.
synaptic cleft
C.
axon terminal
D.
axon hillock
Question #17
Which of the following would exhibit a faster action potential conduction velocity ?
A.
unmyelinated axons
B.
myelinated axons
Question #18
Depolarization of a neuron is due to ____________
A.
influx of sodium ions into the neuron
B.
efflux of potassium ion out of the neuron
C.
efflux of sodium ion out of the neuron
D.
influx of potassium ions into the neuron
Question #19
In a resting neuron, the sodium (Na+) concentration is higher ____________
A.
extracellular = intracellular concentrations
B.
intracellularly
C.
extracelluarly
Question #20
Which of the following would exhibit a faster action potential conduction velocity?
A.
smaller axon diameter
B.
larger axon diameter
Question #21
_______________ is the time after an action potential that can fire another action potential if the stimulus intensity is high enough
A.
absolute refractory period
B.
tetanus
C.
inhibition period
D.
relative refractory period
Question #22
What neurotransmitter is released by a motor neuron at the neuromuscular junction?
A.
acetylcholine
B.
epinephrine
C.
acetylcholinesterase
D.
serotonin
E.
norepinephrine
Question #23
In our muscle physiology lab we measured the threshold voltage of our experimental muscle. What is threshold voltage?
A.
the smallest stimulus required for a muscle to reach maximum muscle tension
B.
smallest stimulus required to induce an action potential on a muscle fiber's sarcolemma
C.
the highest stimulus required to reach unfused tetani
D.
the smallest stimulus required to fused tetani
Question #24
What happened to our muscle experiment when we zapped our muscle beyond maximal voltage?
A.
the muscle tension continued to increase exponentially
B.
the muscle burned
C.
maximum muscle tension stayed the same
D.
muscle tension dropped back down to resting muscle tension
Question #25
A motor unit consists of
A.
a motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates
B.
the muscle fibers it innervates
C.
a sympathetic neuron
D.
a motor neuron
E.
the spinal cord and the muscle fibers it innervates
Question #26
What do we call the phenomenon of increasing muscle tension caused by increasing the stimulus frequency?
A.
muscle tone
B.
wave summation
C.
stimulus threshold
D.
muscle relaxation
Question #27
Increasing the stimulus frequency high enough so that the muscle twitches fuse with one another is called?
A.
complete tetanus
B.
muscle tone
C.
muscle twitch
D.
incomplete tetanus
Question #28
A single electrical stimulus on a muscle fiber will result in a
A.
unfused tetanus
B.
fused tetanus
C.
temporal summation
D.
muscle twitch
Question #29
____________ is a quantitative measurement of the mineral content of bone (screen for osteoporosis)
A.
heart rate
B.
T score
C.
blood pressure
D.
thermodynamics
Question #30
What is the effect of propylthiouracil (PTU) ?
A.
it stimulates more production of thyroxine
B.
inhibits the production of thyroxine
C.
inhibits the production of thyroid releasing hormone
D.
it stimulates the production of thyroid stimulating hormone
Question #31
What is the role of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)?
A.
stimulates the release of prolactin by pituitary gland
B.
stimulates ovarian follicle growth
C.
inhibits the production of thyroxine
D.
stimulates release of aldosterone by pituitary gland
Question #32
How might a hypophysectomized rat recover its basal metabolic rate?
A.
Giving the rat exogenous growth hormone
B.
Giving the rat exogenous aldosterone
C.
Giving the rat exogenous calcitonin
D.
Giving the rat exogenous thyroid releasing hormone
Question #33
How might a thyroidectomized rat recover its basal metabolic rate?
A.
Giving the rat exogenous growth hormone
B.
Giving the rat exogenous thyroid stimulating hormone
C.
Giving the rat exogenous thyroid releasing hormone
D.
Giving the rat exogenous thyroxine
Question #34
How would elevated thyroxine levels influence thyroid stimulating hormone levels?
A.
it would decrease TSH
B.
it would increase TSH
C.
it would cause no change
Question #35
An enlarged thyroid gland is referred to as ___________
A.
adenohypophysis
B.
goiter
C.
basal cell carcinoma
D.
pheochromocytoma
E.
adenocarcinoma
Question #36
Diabetes mellitus type I is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to
A.
normal levels of insulin from the pancreas
B.
low levels of insulin produced by the pancreas
C.
increased growth hormone production
D.
decreased insulin sensitivity by cells
Question #37
How might excessive vagal stimulation effect heart rate?
A.
decrease heart rate
B.
increase heart rate
Question #38
A patient is prescribed a calcium channel blocker. How might we expect this medication to effect his heart rate?
A.
no change in his heart rate
B.
reduce his heart rate
C.
increase his heart rate
Question #39
What do we call the cluster of autorhythmic cardiac cells in right atrium?
A.
sinoatrial node
B.
AV node
C.
AV bundle
D.
purkinje fibers
Question #40
A patient is prescribed a calcium channel blocker. How might we expect this medication to effect his heart contractility?
A.
no change in force of heart contractility
B.
reduce force of heart contractility
C.
increase force of heart contractility
Question #41
The time after an action potential when a cardiac muscle fiber can not fire another action potential no matter the intensity of the stimulus is the ______________
A.
wave summation
B.
absolute refractory period
C.
relative refractory period
D.
tetani
Question #42
How would an increase in the pressure gradient alter blood flow?
A.
decrease blood flow
B.
no change in blood flow
C.
increase blood flow
Question #43
The opening of the blood vessel where the blood flows is called the
A.
valve
B.
laminar flow
C.
lumen
D.
tunic
Question #44
Which of the following would lead to a drop in blood pressure?
A.
increase in blood vessel length
B.
vasoconstriction
C.
vasodilation
D.
increase in blood viscosity
Question #45
What is the principal way to control blood flow?
A.
stimulation by growth hormone
B.
decreasing calcium concentration
C.
increasing temperature
D.
controlling blood vessel radius
Question #46
Increased hematocrit would cause an increase in blood ___________
A.
viscosity
B.
pressure
C.
radius
D.
flow
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