Physiology 001 - Introduction to Human Physiology » Winter 2021 » Lab Exam 1
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Question #1
Lugol's iodine (IKI) test will turn what color in the presence of starch ?
A.
red
B.
light blue
C.
blue-black
D.
pink
Question #2
Lugol’s iodine (IKI) reagent is used to determine the presence of which of the following?
A.
starch
B.
protein
C.
lipids
D.
potassium permanganate
E.
DNA
Question #3
What is the substrate of the amylase enzyme?
A.
lipids
B.
nucleic acids
C.
glucose
D.
starch
E.
protein
Question #4
What are the monomers of starch?
A.
lipids
B.
monosaccharides
C.
amino acids
D.
triglycerides
E.
nucleic acids
Question #5
An unknown solution was boiled for 5 minutes with Benedict’s reagent. The color of the solution went from blue to orange. What is present in the solution?
A.
lipids
B.
amino acids
C.
protein
D.
maltose
E.
starch
Question #6
Enzymes work as biological catalysts by ________________
A.
freezing the substrate that binds to that enzyme
B.
causing water to dissociate
C.
lowering the activation energy required for a chemical reaction
D.
raising the temperature of a molecule
Question #7
How did the activity of amylase change when we boiled the enzyme?
A.
No answer text provided.
B.
reduced amylase activity
C.
increased amylase activity
D.
no change in amylase activity
Question #8
In our salivary amylase (enzyme) lab we used controls to confirm the validity of our experiment. When all the required substances are included in an experiment, a positive control should give us a
A.
negative result
B.
positive result
Question #9
How did increasing the concentration gradient (difference) across the membrane influence the rate of diffusion?
A.
decreased the rate of diffusion
B.
increased the rate of diffusion
C.
no change in rate of diffusion
D.
increased the temperature of our solution
Question #10
Osmosis is the random movement of _______ molecules, through a selectively permeable membrane, from an area of _________ to ________ osmolarity, until equilibrium is reached.
A.
water; high; low
B.
solute; low; high
C.
water; low; high
D.
solute; high; low
Question #11
Diffusion is the random movement of molecules from an area of _________ to ________ concentration, until equilibrium is reached.
A.
low; high
B.
high; low
C.
none of the above
Question #12
A hypertonic solution is
A.
a solution with a lower concentration of solutes compared to the intracellular concentration
B.
a solution with a higher concentration of solutes compared to the intracellular concentration
C.
a solution with the same concentration of solutes compared to the intracellular concentration
D.
none of the above
Question #13
In our facilitated diffusion lab, we used glucose carrier proteins to facilitate the diffusion of glucose molecules across the membrane. What is the term that describes when all carrier proteins are occupied and not available to transport glucose across the membrane?
A.
osmolarity
B.
osmosis
C.
saturation
D.
equilibrium
Question #14
Which of the following dyes would diffuse the fastest?
A.
Dye A which has a molecular weight of 24.5 g/mol
B.
Dye D which has a molecular weight of 354.7 g/mol
C.
Dye B which has a molecular weight of 32.9 g/mol
D.
Dye C which has a molecular weight of 137.8 g/mol
Question #15
What mineral plays a crucial role in the release of neurotransmitters from the axon terminal?
A.
calcium
B.
sodium
C.
zinc
D.
potassium
Question #16
The distal end of an axon where neurotransmitters are stored in synaptic vesicles is called _______
A.
nodes of Ranvier
B.
synaptic cleft
C.
axon terminal
D.
axon hillock
Question #17
Which of the following would exhibit a faster action potential conduction velocity ?
A.
myelinated axons
B.
unmyelinated axons
Question #18
Depolarization of a neuron is due to ____________
A.
efflux of sodium ion out of the neuron
B.
influx of potassium ions into the neuron
C.
influx of sodium ions into the neuron
D.
efflux of potassium ion out of the neuron
Question #19
In a resting neuron, the sodium (Na+) concentration is higher ____________
A.
extracelluarly
B.
extracellular = intracellular concentrations
C.
intracellularly
Question #20
Which of the following would exhibit a faster action potential conduction velocity?
A.
smaller axon diameter
B.
larger axon diameter
Question #21
_______________ is the time after an action potential that can fire another action potential if the stimulus intensity is high enough
A.
relative refractory period
B.
tetanus
C.
absolute refractory period
D.
inhibition period
Question #22
What neurotransmitter is released by a motor neuron at the neuromuscular junction?
A.
epinephrine
B.
acetylcholine
C.
serotonin
D.
acetylcholinesterase
E.
norepinephrine
Question #23
In our muscle physiology lab we measured the threshold voltage of our experimental muscle. What is threshold voltage?
A.
the smallest stimulus required for a muscle to reach maximum muscle tension
B.
the highest stimulus required to reach unfused tetani
C.
the smallest stimulus required to fused tetani
D.
smallest stimulus required to induce an action potential on a muscle fiber's sarcolemma
Question #24
What happened to our muscle experiment when we zapped our muscle beyond maximal voltage?
A.
maximum muscle tension stayed the same
B.
the muscle burned
C.
the muscle tension continued to increase exponentially
D.
muscle tension dropped back down to resting muscle tension
Question #25
A motor unit consists of
A.
a motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates
B.
a motor neuron
C.
the muscle fibers it innervates
D.
a sympathetic neuron
E.
the spinal cord and the muscle fibers it innervates
Question #26
What do we call the phenomenon of increasing muscle tension caused by increasing the stimulus frequency?
A.
wave summation
B.
muscle tone
C.
stimulus threshold
D.
muscle relaxation
Question #27
Increasing the stimulus frequency high enough so that the muscle twitches fuse with one another is called?
A.
muscle tone
B.
complete tetanus
C.
incomplete tetanus
D.
muscle twitch
Question #28
A single electrical stimulus on a muscle fiber will result in a
A.
unfused tetanus
B.
fused tetanus
C.
muscle twitch
D.
temporal summation
Question #29
____________ is a quantitative measurement of the mineral content of bone (screen for osteoporosis)
A.
blood pressure
B.
thermodynamics
C.
T score
D.
heart rate
Question #30
What is the effect of propylthiouracil (PTU) ?
A.
inhibits the production of thyroxine
B.
inhibits the production of thyroid releasing hormone
C.
it stimulates the production of thyroid stimulating hormone
D.
it stimulates more production of thyroxine
Question #31
What is the role of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)?
A.
stimulates release of aldosterone by pituitary gland
B.
stimulates the release of prolactin by pituitary gland
C.
stimulates ovarian follicle growth
D.
inhibits the production of thyroxine
Question #32
How might a hypophysectomized rat recover its basal metabolic rate?
A.
Giving the rat exogenous aldosterone
B.
Giving the rat exogenous growth hormone
C.
Giving the rat exogenous calcitonin
D.
Giving the rat exogenous thyroid releasing hormone
Question #33
How might a thyroidectomized rat recover its basal metabolic rate?
A.
Giving the rat exogenous growth hormone
B.
Giving the rat exogenous thyroid releasing hormone
C.
Giving the rat exogenous thyroxine
D.
Giving the rat exogenous thyroid stimulating hormone
Question #34
How would elevated thyroxine levels influence thyroid stimulating hormone levels?
A.
it would decrease TSH
B.
it would cause no change
C.
it would increase TSH
Question #35
An enlarged thyroid gland is referred to as ___________
A.
adenohypophysis
B.
adenocarcinoma
C.
basal cell carcinoma
D.
pheochromocytoma
E.
goiter
Question #36
Diabetes mellitus type I is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to
A.
low levels of insulin produced by the pancreas
B.
normal levels of insulin from the pancreas
C.
decreased insulin sensitivity by cells
D.
increased growth hormone production
Question #37
How might excessive vagal stimulation effect heart rate?
A.
decrease heart rate
B.
increase heart rate
Question #38
A patient is prescribed a calcium channel blocker. How might we expect this medication to effect his heart rate?
A.
increase his heart rate
B.
no change in his heart rate
C.
reduce his heart rate
Question #39
What do we call the cluster of autorhythmic cardiac cells in right atrium?
A.
sinoatrial node
B.
AV node
C.
purkinje fibers
D.
AV bundle
Question #40
A patient is prescribed a calcium channel blocker. How might we expect this medication to effect his heart contractility?
A.
increase force of heart contractility
B.
reduce force of heart contractility
C.
no change in force of heart contractility
Question #41
The time after an action potential when a cardiac muscle fiber can not fire another action potential no matter the intensity of the stimulus is the ______________
A.
absolute refractory period
B.
relative refractory period
C.
tetani
D.
wave summation
Question #42
How would an increase in the pressure gradient alter blood flow?
A.
no change in blood flow
B.
increase blood flow
C.
decrease blood flow
Question #43
The opening of the blood vessel where the blood flows is called the
A.
laminar flow
B.
lumen
C.
valve
D.
tunic
Question #44
Which of the following would lead to a drop in blood pressure?
A.
increase in blood viscosity
B.
increase in blood vessel length
C.
vasoconstriction
D.
vasodilation
Question #45
What is the principal way to control blood flow?
A.
stimulation by growth hormone
B.
controlling blood vessel radius
C.
increasing temperature
D.
decreasing calcium concentration
Question #46
A.
flow
B.
pressure
C.
radius
D.
viscosity
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