Physiology 001 - Introduction to Human Physiology » Winter 2021 » Lab Exam 2
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Question #1
The amount of air remaining in the lungs after forceful and complete expiration is ________
A.
tidal volume
B.
inspiratory reserve volume
C.
residual volume
D.
vital capacity
Question #2
Tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume + residual volume is equal to ____________
A.
vital capacity
B.
forced vital capacity
C.
expiratory reserve volume
D.
Total lung capacity
Question #3
What is the pathophysiology of emphysema?
A.
constriction of bronchioles
B.
constriction of trachea
C.
mucus build up in trachea
D.
loss of elastic recoil in lungs
Question #4
Surfactant is produced by _________
A.
alveolar macrophages
B.
type 2 alveolar cells
C.
bronchial cells
D.
type 1 alveolar cells
Question #5
How does tidal volume change during exercise?
A.
decreases
B.
increases
C.
stays the same
Question #6
What machine is used to measure respiratory volumes of a patient?
A.
sphygmomanometer
B.
swan ganz catheter
C.
electrocardiogram
D.
spirometry
Question #7
The volume of air that enters/exits lungs during quiet breathing
A.
dead anatomical space
B.
total lung capacity
C.
tidal volume
D.
max inspiratory volume
Question #8
What is a muscle of inspiration?
A.
pectoralis major
B.
internal intercostals
C.
rectus abdominis
D.
external intercostals
Question #9
What is the important function of surfactant?
A.
increases surface tension in alveoli
B.
increases the synthesis of water in the alveoli
C.
increases bronchial contstriction
D.
reduces surface tension in the alveoli to facilitate inflation of alveloi
Question #10
In our salivary amylase (enzyme) lab we used controls to confirm the validity of our experiment. When all the required substances are included in an experiment, a positive control should give us a
A.
negative result
B.
positive result
C.
Question #11
Lugol’s iodine (IKI) reagent is used to determine the presence of which of the following?
A.
DNA
B.
starch
C.
lipids
D.
potassium permanganate
E.
protein
Question #12
Lugol's iodine (IKI) test will turn what color in the presence of starch ?
A.
red
B.
light blue
C.
blue-black
D.
pink
Question #13
How did the activity of amylase change when we boiled the enzyme?
A.
no change in amylase activity
B.
reduced amylase activity
C.
increased amylase activity
Question #14
An unknown solution was boiled for 5 minutes with Benedict’s reagent. The color of the solution went from blue to orange. What is present in the solution?
A.
amino acids
B.
maltose
C.
starch
D.
lipids
E.
protein
Question #15
Enzymes work as biological catalysts by ________________
A.
lowering the activation energy required for a chemical reaction
B.
causing water to dissociate
C.
raising the temperature of a molecule
D.
freezing the substrate that binds to that enzyme
Question #16
What is the substrate of the amylase enzyme?
A.
glucose
B.
protein
C.
nucleic acids
D.
lipids
E.
starch
Question #17
What are the monomers of starch?
A.
monosaccharides
B.
nucleic acids
C.
lipids
D.
triglycerides
E.
amino acids
Question #18
What is the action of aldosterone?
A.
acts to increase potassium reabsorption in the nephron loop
B.
acts on the distal convoluted tubule to promote secretion of sodium and reabsorption of potassium
C.
acts on the distal convoluted tubule to promote reabsorption of sodium and secretion of potassium
D.
acts to increase the synthesis of aquaporin channels along the distal convoluted tubule
Question #19
Where is antidiuretic hormone synthesized?
A.
pineal gland
B.
anterior pituitary gland
C.
posterior pituitary gland
D.
Hypothalamus
Question #20
What is the action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
A.
acts to increase the synthesis of aquaporin channels along the collecting ducts to increase the reabsorption of water
B.
acts to increase potassium reabsorption in the nephron loop
C.
acts on the distal convoluted tubule to promote reabsorption of sodium and secretion of potassium
D.
acts on the distal convoluted tubule to promote secretion of sodium and reabsorption of potassium
Question #21
Filtrate from the glomerular capillaries first collects in the ____________
A.
collecting duct
B.
bowman's space
C.
lumen of distal convoluted tubule
D.
lumen of proximal convoluted tubule
Question #22
What is the driving force that draws fluid and solutes into the lumen of the renal tubule?
A.
plasma oncotic pressure
B.
bowman's space
C.
plasma hydrostatic pressure
Question #23
What is the driving force that draws fluid and solutes back into the peritubular capillaries?
A.
bowman's space hydrostatic pressure
B.
C.
plasma hydrostatic pressure
D.
plasma oncotic pressure
Question #24
What is glomerular filtration rate?
A.
rate of fluid filtered from the nephron loop
B.
the rate of fluid filtered from the peritubular capillaries
C.
the rate of fluid filtered from the renal pelvis
D.
the rate of fluid filtered from the glomerular capillaries
Question #25
How would dilating the afferent arteriole effect GFR?
A.
increase GFR
B.
decrease GFR
C.
not change GFR
Question #26
What is the enzyme that converts CO2 + water --> carbonic acid
A.
aromatase
B.
carbonic anhydrase
C.
alpha reductase
D.
hexokinase
Question #27
Respiratory alkalosis can be brought upon by
A.
hypoventilation
B.
emphysema
C.
hyperventilation
D.
paralysis of the respiratory muscles
Question #28
Chronic diarrhea which results in the loss of bicarbonate with the elimination of intestinal contents can lead to a state of
A.
metabolic acidosis
B.
respiratory acidosis
C.
metabolic alkalosis
Question #29
How might the respiratory system compensate in a state of metabolic acidosis?
A.
decrease the depth of breathing to retain more potassium in the lungs
B.
hyperventilation to get rid of CO2
C.
lower respiratory rate to retain more CO2 in the blood
D.
hypoventilate to retain more oxygen in the blood
Question #30
Rebreathing (as in rebreathing your air from a paper bag) may help with hyperventilation because ____________
A.
reduces the strain on your respiratory muscles
B.
increases volume of oxygen inspired
C.
you rebreath your carbon dioxide which helps to increase your CO2 levels in your blood
D.
none of the above
Question #31
What is the normal range of blood pH
A.
6.45 - 7.0
B.
7.35 - 7.45
C.
7.45 - 7.65
D.
7.05-7.15
Question #32
Chronic vomiting can lead to a state of
A.
metabolic alkalosis
B.
respiratory alkalosis
C.
metabolic acidosis
D.
none of the above
Question #33
Carbonic anhydrase (enzyme) facilitates the reaction of mixing water with carbon dioxide to form ________
A.
monohydroxide
B.
carbohydrate
C.
carbonic acid
D.
carbon monixde
Question #34
Respiratory acidosis is caused by
A.
increased potassium in the blood
B.
increased potassium in the lungs
C.
increased carbon dioxide in the blood
D.
decreased carbon dioxide in the blood
Question #35
The clinical term for a patient with lower than normal hematocrit is ___________
A.
polycythemia
B.
thrombocytosis
C.
thrombocytopenia
D.
anemia
Question #36
____________ measures the settling of RBCs in a vertical stationary tube in one hour
A.
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
B.
cell blood count
C.
hemoglobin levels
D.
hematocrit
Question #37
What is percentage of red blood blood cells in a sample of whole blood?
A.
hemoglobin
B.
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
C.
hematocrit
D.
fibrin clotting time
Question #38
A 68 year old obese male is suffering from chronic congested heart failure. How might we expect his hemoglobin levels?
A.
normal levels
B.
elevated
C.
decreased
Question #39
What is the closest to a normal hematocrit for a healthy male?
A.
45%
B.
8%
C.
62%
D.
35%
E.
75%
Question #40
In a blood typing test , we notice a positive agglutination (clumping) test when we add anti-A antibodies and anti-B antibodies. What blood type is this individual?
A.
B
B.
O
C.
A
D.
AB
Question #41
What is closest to a normal hemoglobin level for a healthy female?
A.
8 g/100 ml of blood
B.
14 g/100 ml of blood
C.
10 g/100 ml of blood
D.
22 g/100 ml of blood
Question #42
When we centrifuge a blood sample the buffy coat contains __________
A.
plasma
B.
leukocytes
C.
plasma proteins
D.
erythrocytes
Question #43
ELISA in our serology lab stands for :
A.
Exoskeleton lattice immunosuppressive assay
B.
Enzyme linked immunosorbent Assay
C.
Enzymatic lattice iron sulphur assay
D.
Enteric lymphocytes immunosorbent assay
Question #44
What lab equipment is used to separate proteins based on their size and charge?
A.
gel electrophoresis
B.
ELISA
C.
sedimentation rate
D.
centrifugation
Question #45
Left untreated Chlamydia can lead to ____________
A.
cancer
B.
anemia
C.
sterility
D.
pregnancy
Question #46
A Northern blot technique is used to identify DNA. A Southern blot is used to detect RNA. What is a Western blot used for ?
A.
to detect DNA
B.
to detect mRNA
C.
to detect protein
D.
to detect RNA
Question #47
A common application of the direct ELISA is a home pregnancy test which detects the presence of ______________
A.
fetal red blood cells
B.
human chorionic gonadtropin (hCG)
C.
fetal thyroid hormones
D.
fetal aldosterone
Question #48
The Ouchterlony technique in our serological testing lab is used to deterrmine _______
A.
the concentration of antibodies in a sample
B.
the hematocrit of a blood sample
C.
whether antigens are identical, related or unrelated
D.
the concentration of neutrophils in a blood sample
Question #49
An indirect ELISA test :
A.
designed to detect the foreign antigen directly
B.
designed to detect the presence of macrophages
C.
designed to detect antibodies that the patient has made against the antigen
D.
designed to detect the presence of eosinophils
Question #50
An antigen binds to the ____________ region of an antibody
A.
mid
B.
variable
C.
constant
Question #51
What is the important function of surfactant?
A.
increases the synthesis of water in the alveoli
B.
increases bronchial contstriction
C.
increases surface tension in alveoli
D.
reduces surface tension in the alveoli to facilitate inflation of alveloi
Question #52
The amount of air remaining in the lungs after forceful and complete expiration is ________
A.
vital capacity
B.
residual volume
C.
tidal volume
D.
inspiratory reserve volume
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