Physiology 001 - Introduction to Human Physiology » Winter 2021 » Lab Exam 2
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Question #1
The amount of air remaining in the lungs after forceful and complete expiration is ________
A.
tidal volume
B.
residual volume
C.
vital capacity
D.
inspiratory reserve volume
Question #2
Tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume + residual volume is equal to ____________
A.
expiratory reserve volume
B.
vital capacity
C.
Total lung capacity
D.
forced vital capacity
Question #3
What is the pathophysiology of emphysema?
A.
mucus build up in trachea
B.
loss of elastic recoil in lungs
C.
constriction of bronchioles
D.
constriction of trachea
Question #4
Surfactant is produced by _________
A.
bronchial cells
B.
type 2 alveolar cells
C.
alveolar macrophages
D.
type 1 alveolar cells
Question #5
How does tidal volume change during exercise?
A.
stays the same
B.
decreases
C.
increases
Question #6
What machine is used to measure respiratory volumes of a patient?
A.
swan ganz catheter
B.
electrocardiogram
C.
sphygmomanometer
D.
spirometry
Question #7
The volume of air that enters/exits lungs during quiet breathing
A.
tidal volume
B.
max inspiratory volume
C.
dead anatomical space
D.
total lung capacity
Question #8
What is a muscle of inspiration?
A.
rectus abdominis
B.
external intercostals
C.
pectoralis major
D.
internal intercostals
Question #9
What is the important function of surfactant?
A.
increases surface tension in alveoli
B.
increases the synthesis of water in the alveoli
C.
increases bronchial contstriction
D.
reduces surface tension in the alveoli to facilitate inflation of alveloi
Question #10
In our salivary amylase (enzyme) lab we used controls to confirm the validity of our experiment. When all the required substances are included in an experiment, a positive control should give us a
A.
negative result
B.
C.
positive result
Question #11
Lugol’s iodine (IKI) reagent is used to determine the presence of which of the following?
A.
lipids
B.
DNA
C.
protein
D.
potassium permanganate
E.
starch
Question #12
Lugol's iodine (IKI) test will turn what color in the presence of starch ?
A.
pink
B.
light blue
C.
blue-black
D.
red
Question #13
How did the activity of amylase change when we boiled the enzyme?
A.
increased amylase activity
B.
no change in amylase activity
C.
reduced amylase activity
Question #14
An unknown solution was boiled for 5 minutes with Benedict’s reagent. The color of the solution went from blue to orange. What is present in the solution?
A.
lipids
B.
maltose
C.
amino acids
D.
starch
E.
protein
Question #15
Enzymes work as biological catalysts by ________________
A.
freezing the substrate that binds to that enzyme
B.
causing water to dissociate
C.
raising the temperature of a molecule
D.
lowering the activation energy required for a chemical reaction
Question #16
What is the substrate of the amylase enzyme?
A.
nucleic acids
B.
protein
C.
starch
D.
lipids
E.
glucose
Question #17
What are the monomers of starch?
A.
triglycerides
B.
amino acids
C.
lipids
D.
monosaccharides
E.
nucleic acids
Question #18
What is the action of aldosterone?
A.
acts on the distal convoluted tubule to promote secretion of sodium and reabsorption of potassium
B.
acts to increase potassium reabsorption in the nephron loop
C.
acts on the distal convoluted tubule to promote reabsorption of sodium and secretion of potassium
D.
acts to increase the synthesis of aquaporin channels along the distal convoluted tubule
Question #19
Where is antidiuretic hormone synthesized?
A.
pineal gland
B.
Hypothalamus
C.
posterior pituitary gland
D.
anterior pituitary gland
Question #20
What is the action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
A.
acts to increase the synthesis of aquaporin channels along the collecting ducts to increase the reabsorption of water
B.
acts to increase potassium reabsorption in the nephron loop
C.
acts on the distal convoluted tubule to promote secretion of sodium and reabsorption of potassium
D.
acts on the distal convoluted tubule to promote reabsorption of sodium and secretion of potassium
Question #21
Filtrate from the glomerular capillaries first collects in the ____________
A.
lumen of proximal convoluted tubule
B.
collecting duct
C.
lumen of distal convoluted tubule
D.
bowman's space
Question #22
What is the driving force that draws fluid and solutes into the lumen of the renal tubule?
A.
plasma hydrostatic pressure
B.
plasma oncotic pressure
C.
bowman's space
Question #23
What is the driving force that draws fluid and solutes back into the peritubular capillaries?
A.
bowman's space hydrostatic pressure
B.
plasma hydrostatic pressure
C.
plasma oncotic pressure
D.
Question #24
What is glomerular filtration rate?
A.
rate of fluid filtered from the nephron loop
B.
the rate of fluid filtered from the renal pelvis
C.
the rate of fluid filtered from the peritubular capillaries
D.
the rate of fluid filtered from the glomerular capillaries
Question #25
How would dilating the afferent arteriole effect GFR?
A.
decrease GFR
B.
increase GFR
C.
not change GFR
Question #26
What is the enzyme that converts CO2 + water --> carbonic acid
A.
alpha reductase
B.
aromatase
C.
hexokinase
D.
carbonic anhydrase
Question #27
Respiratory alkalosis can be brought upon by
A.
paralysis of the respiratory muscles
B.
hyperventilation
C.
emphysema
D.
hypoventilation
Question #28
Chronic diarrhea which results in the loss of bicarbonate with the elimination of intestinal contents can lead to a state of
A.
metabolic acidosis
B.
respiratory acidosis
C.
metabolic alkalosis
Question #29
How might the respiratory system compensate in a state of metabolic acidosis?
A.
lower respiratory rate to retain more CO2 in the blood
B.
decrease the depth of breathing to retain more potassium in the lungs
C.
hyperventilation to get rid of CO2
D.
hypoventilate to retain more oxygen in the blood
Question #30
Rebreathing (as in rebreathing your air from a paper bag) may help with hyperventilation because ____________
A.
increases volume of oxygen inspired
B.
reduces the strain on your respiratory muscles
C.
you rebreath your carbon dioxide which helps to increase your CO2 levels in your blood
D.
none of the above
Question #31
What is the normal range of blood pH
A.
7.05-7.15
B.
7.45 - 7.65
C.
6.45 - 7.0
D.
7.35 - 7.45
Question #32
Chronic vomiting can lead to a state of
A.
respiratory alkalosis
B.
metabolic acidosis
C.
metabolic alkalosis
D.
none of the above
Question #33
Carbonic anhydrase (enzyme) facilitates the reaction of mixing water with carbon dioxide to form ________
A.
carbohydrate
B.
carbon monixde
C.
monohydroxide
D.
carbonic acid
Question #34
Respiratory acidosis is caused by
A.
increased potassium in the blood
B.
increased carbon dioxide in the blood
C.
increased potassium in the lungs
D.
decreased carbon dioxide in the blood
Question #35
The clinical term for a patient with lower than normal hematocrit is ___________
A.
polycythemia
B.
thrombocytopenia
C.
thrombocytosis
D.
anemia
Question #36
____________ measures the settling of RBCs in a vertical stationary tube in one hour
A.
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
B.
hematocrit
C.
cell blood count
D.
hemoglobin levels
Question #37
A.
hematocrit
B.
hemoglobin
C.
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
D.
fibrin clotting time
Question #38
A 68 year old obese male is suffering from chronic congested heart failure. How might we expect his hemoglobin levels?
A.
elevated
B.
decreased
C.
normal levels
Question #39
What is the closest to a normal hematocrit for a healthy male?
A.
62%
B.
75%
C.
8%
D.
35%
E.
45%
Question #40
In a blood typing test , we notice a positive agglutination (clumping) test when we add anti-A antibodies and anti-B antibodies. What blood type is this individual?
A.
O
B.
B
C.
A
D.
AB
Question #41
What is closest to a normal hemoglobin level for a healthy female?
A.
14 g/100 ml of blood
B.
10 g/100 ml of blood
C.
22 g/100 ml of blood
D.
8 g/100 ml of blood
Question #42
When we centrifuge a blood sample the buffy coat contains __________
A.
erythrocytes
B.
leukocytes
C.
plasma
D.
plasma proteins
Question #43
ELISA in our serology lab stands for :
A.
Exoskeleton lattice immunosuppressive assay
B.
Enzyme linked immunosorbent Assay
C.
Enteric lymphocytes immunosorbent assay
D.
Enzymatic lattice iron sulphur assay
Question #44
What lab equipment is used to separate proteins based on their size and charge?
A.
sedimentation rate
B.
gel electrophoresis
C.
ELISA
D.
centrifugation
Question #45
Left untreated Chlamydia can lead to ____________
A.
anemia
B.
cancer
C.
sterility
D.
pregnancy
Question #46
A.
to detect DNA
B.
to detect protein
C.
to detect RNA
D.
to detect mRNA
Question #47
A common application of the direct ELISA is a home pregnancy test which detects the presence of ______________
A.
human chorionic gonadtropin (hCG)
B.
fetal aldosterone
C.
fetal red blood cells
D.
fetal thyroid hormones
Question #48
The Ouchterlony technique in our serological testing lab is used to deterrmine _______
A.
the concentration of neutrophils in a blood sample
B.
whether antigens are identical, related or unrelated
C.
the concentration of antibodies in a sample
D.
the hematocrit of a blood sample
Question #49
An indirect ELISA test :
A.
designed to detect the foreign antigen directly
B.
designed to detect antibodies that the patient has made against the antigen
C.
designed to detect the presence of macrophages
D.
designed to detect the presence of eosinophils
Question #50
An antigen binds to the ____________ region of an antibody
A.
variable
B.
constant
C.
mid
Question #51
What is the important function of surfactant?
A.
increases surface tension in alveoli
B.
increases the synthesis of water in the alveoli
C.
increases bronchial contstriction
D.
reduces surface tension in the alveoli to facilitate inflation of alveloi
Question #52
The amount of air remaining in the lungs after forceful and complete expiration is ________
A.
residual volume
B.
inspiratory reserve volume
C.
vital capacity
D.
tidal volume
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