Physiology 001 - Introduction to Human Physiology » Winter 2021 » Lab Exam 2
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Question #1
The amount of air remaining in the lungs after forceful and complete expiration is ________
A.
residual volume
B.
tidal volume
C.
inspiratory reserve volume
D.
vital capacity
Question #2
Tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume + residual volume is equal to ____________
A.
Total lung capacity
B.
vital capacity
C.
forced vital capacity
D.
expiratory reserve volume
Question #3
What is the pathophysiology of emphysema?
A.
constriction of trachea
B.
loss of elastic recoil in lungs
C.
mucus build up in trachea
D.
constriction of bronchioles
Question #4
Surfactant is produced by _________
A.
alveolar macrophages
B.
type 1 alveolar cells
C.
type 2 alveolar cells
D.
bronchial cells
Question #5
How does tidal volume change during exercise?
A.
increases
B.
decreases
C.
stays the same
Question #6
What machine is used to measure respiratory volumes of a patient?
A.
electrocardiogram
B.
sphygmomanometer
C.
swan ganz catheter
D.
spirometry
Question #7
The volume of air that enters/exits lungs during quiet breathing
A.
dead anatomical space
B.
tidal volume
C.
total lung capacity
D.
max inspiratory volume
Question #8
What is a muscle of inspiration?
A.
external intercostals
B.
internal intercostals
C.
rectus abdominis
D.
pectoralis major
Question #9
What is the important function of surfactant?
A.
increases surface tension in alveoli
B.
reduces surface tension in the alveoli to facilitate inflation of alveloi
C.
increases bronchial contstriction
D.
increases the synthesis of water in the alveoli
Question #10
In our salivary amylase (enzyme) lab we used controls to confirm the validity of our experiment. When all the required substances are included in an experiment, a positive control should give us a
A.
B.
negative result
C.
positive result
Question #11
Lugol’s iodine (IKI) reagent is used to determine the presence of which of the following?
A.
protein
B.
starch
C.
lipids
D.
potassium permanganate
E.
DNA
Question #12
Lugol's iodine (IKI) test will turn what color in the presence of starch ?
A.
pink
B.
blue-black
C.
red
D.
light blue
Question #13
How did the activity of amylase change when we boiled the enzyme?
A.
no change in amylase activity
B.
reduced amylase activity
C.
increased amylase activity
Question #14
An unknown solution was boiled for 5 minutes with Benedict’s reagent. The color of the solution went from blue to orange. What is present in the solution?
A.
starch
B.
amino acids
C.
lipids
D.
protein
E.
maltose
Question #15
Enzymes work as biological catalysts by ________________
A.
raising the temperature of a molecule
B.
freezing the substrate that binds to that enzyme
C.
causing water to dissociate
D.
lowering the activation energy required for a chemical reaction
Question #16
What is the substrate of the amylase enzyme?
A.
starch
B.
protein
C.
nucleic acids
D.
lipids
E.
glucose
Question #17
What are the monomers of starch?
A.
monosaccharides
B.
lipids
C.
triglycerides
D.
nucleic acids
E.
amino acids
Question #18
What is the action of aldosterone?
A.
acts on the distal convoluted tubule to promote secretion of sodium and reabsorption of potassium
B.
acts to increase potassium reabsorption in the nephron loop
C.
acts to increase the synthesis of aquaporin channels along the distal convoluted tubule
D.
acts on the distal convoluted tubule to promote reabsorption of sodium and secretion of potassium
Question #19
Where is antidiuretic hormone synthesized?
A.
Hypothalamus
B.
posterior pituitary gland
C.
pineal gland
D.
anterior pituitary gland
Question #20
What is the action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
A.
acts on the distal convoluted tubule to promote reabsorption of sodium and secretion of potassium
B.
acts to increase potassium reabsorption in the nephron loop
C.
acts to increase the synthesis of aquaporin channels along the collecting ducts to increase the reabsorption of water
D.
acts on the distal convoluted tubule to promote secretion of sodium and reabsorption of potassium
Question #21
Filtrate from the glomerular capillaries first collects in the ____________
A.
collecting duct
B.
lumen of distal convoluted tubule
C.
bowman's space
D.
lumen of proximal convoluted tubule
Question #22
What is the driving force that draws fluid and solutes into the lumen of the renal tubule?
A.
plasma oncotic pressure
B.
bowman's space
C.
plasma hydrostatic pressure
Question #23
What is the driving force that draws fluid and solutes back into the peritubular capillaries?
A.
plasma hydrostatic pressure
B.
bowman's space hydrostatic pressure
C.
D.
plasma oncotic pressure
Question #24
What is glomerular filtration rate?
A.
the rate of fluid filtered from the glomerular capillaries
B.
the rate of fluid filtered from the peritubular capillaries
C.
rate of fluid filtered from the nephron loop
D.
the rate of fluid filtered from the renal pelvis
Question #25
How would dilating the afferent arteriole effect GFR?
A.
decrease GFR
B.
increase GFR
C.
not change GFR
Question #26
What is the enzyme that converts CO2 + water --> carbonic acid
A.
alpha reductase
B.
hexokinase
C.
carbonic anhydrase
D.
aromatase
Question #27
Respiratory alkalosis can be brought upon by
A.
paralysis of the respiratory muscles
B.
emphysema
C.
hyperventilation
D.
hypoventilation
Question #28
Chronic diarrhea which results in the loss of bicarbonate with the elimination of intestinal contents can lead to a state of
A.
respiratory acidosis
B.
metabolic alkalosis
C.
metabolic acidosis
Question #29
How might the respiratory system compensate in a state of metabolic acidosis?
A.
hypoventilate to retain more oxygen in the blood
B.
decrease the depth of breathing to retain more potassium in the lungs
C.
lower respiratory rate to retain more CO2 in the blood
D.
hyperventilation to get rid of CO2
Question #30
Rebreathing (as in rebreathing your air from a paper bag) may help with hyperventilation because ____________
A.
reduces the strain on your respiratory muscles
B.
you rebreath your carbon dioxide which helps to increase your CO2 levels in your blood
C.
increases volume of oxygen inspired
D.
none of the above
Question #31
What is the normal range of blood pH
A.
7.45 - 7.65
B.
7.35 - 7.45
C.
7.05-7.15
D.
6.45 - 7.0
Question #32
Chronic vomiting can lead to a state of
A.
metabolic alkalosis
B.
metabolic acidosis
C.
respiratory alkalosis
D.
none of the above
Question #33
Carbonic anhydrase (enzyme) facilitates the reaction of mixing water with carbon dioxide to form ________
A.
carbon monixde
B.
monohydroxide
C.
carbonic acid
D.
carbohydrate
Question #34
Respiratory acidosis is caused by
A.
increased potassium in the lungs
B.
increased potassium in the blood
C.
increased carbon dioxide in the blood
D.
decreased carbon dioxide in the blood
Question #35
The clinical term for a patient with lower than normal hematocrit is ___________
A.
polycythemia
B.
anemia
C.
thrombocytopenia
D.
thrombocytosis
Question #36
____________ measures the settling of RBCs in a vertical stationary tube in one hour
A.
hemoglobin levels
B.
hematocrit
C.
cell blood count
D.
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Question #37
What is percentage of red blood blood cells in a sample of whole blood?
A.
hematocrit
B.
hemoglobin
C.
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
D.
fibrin clotting time
Question #38
A 68 year old obese male is suffering from chronic congested heart failure. How might we expect his hemoglobin levels?
A.
normal levels
B.
decreased
C.
elevated
Question #39
What is the closest to a normal hematocrit for a healthy male?
A.
35%
B.
75%
C.
62%
D.
45%
E.
8%
Question #40
In a blood typing test , we notice a positive agglutination (clumping) test when we add anti-A antibodies and anti-B antibodies. What blood type is this individual?
A.
O
B.
A
C.
B
D.
AB
Question #41
What is closest to a normal hemoglobin level for a healthy female?
A.
10 g/100 ml of blood
B.
8 g/100 ml of blood
C.
22 g/100 ml of blood
D.
14 g/100 ml of blood
Question #42
When we centrifuge a blood sample the buffy coat contains __________
A.
plasma proteins
B.
plasma
C.
leukocytes
D.
erythrocytes
Question #43
ELISA in our serology lab stands for :
A.
Enzyme linked immunosorbent Assay
B.
Enzymatic lattice iron sulphur assay
C.
Enteric lymphocytes immunosorbent assay
D.
Exoskeleton lattice immunosuppressive assay
Question #44
What lab equipment is used to separate proteins based on their size and charge?
A.
sedimentation rate
B.
ELISA
C.
centrifugation
D.
gel electrophoresis
Question #45
Left untreated Chlamydia can lead to ____________
A.
cancer
B.
pregnancy
C.
anemia
D.
sterility
Question #46
A Northern blot technique is used to identify DNA. A Southern blot is used to detect RNA. What is a Western blot used for ?
A.
to detect protein
B.
to detect DNA
C.
to detect mRNA
D.
to detect RNA
Question #47
A common application of the direct ELISA is a home pregnancy test which detects the presence of ______________
A.
human chorionic gonadtropin (hCG)
B.
fetal aldosterone
C.
fetal thyroid hormones
D.
fetal red blood cells
Question #48
The Ouchterlony technique in our serological testing lab is used to deterrmine _______
A.
the concentration of neutrophils in a blood sample
B.
the hematocrit of a blood sample
C.
whether antigens are identical, related or unrelated
D.
the concentration of antibodies in a sample
Question #49
An indirect ELISA test :
A.
designed to detect antibodies that the patient has made against the antigen
B.
designed to detect the foreign antigen directly
C.
designed to detect the presence of eosinophils
D.
designed to detect the presence of macrophages
Question #50
An antigen binds to the ____________ region of an antibody
A.
constant
B.
variable
C.
mid
Question #51
What is the important function of surfactant?
A.
increases surface tension in alveoli
B.
reduces surface tension in the alveoli to facilitate inflation of alveloi
C.
increases the synthesis of water in the alveoli
D.
increases bronchial contstriction
Question #52
The amount of air remaining in the lungs after forceful and complete expiration is ________
A.
vital capacity
B.
inspiratory reserve volume
C.
residual volume
D.
tidal volume
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