California State University, Northridge » Sociology » Soc 340 - Sociology of Work » Spring 2021

Soc 340 - Sociology of Work » Spring 2021 » Test 1

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Question #1

Which of the following statements about bureaucracy is true?

A. A bureaucracy is characterized by standardized rules and procedures.

B. Bureaucracies are highly inefficient by nature.

C. Bureaucracies exist only in Europe and the United States.

D. A bureaucracy is a hierarchy based on personal authority and charisma.

E. By definition, a bureaucracy can exist only in the government or not-for-profit sector.

Question #2

Select the government's reference week Current Population Survey term and classify the following person, based only on the following description choose the government's term in reference to the person's situation during the reference week for the Current Population Survey. Sharon Miller, age 17, spent four hours Friday evening and four hours Saturday evening baby-sitting for the Rodriguez family.

A. not in the target population

B. not in the labor force

C. discouraged worker

D. unemployed

E. employed

Question #3

How occupations are perceived by others is measured by

A. socioeconomic status scores.

B. mixed methods.

C. occupational prestige.

D. detailed occupation groupings.

E. establishment surveys.

Question #4

Characteristics of work that are hard to measure often involve

A. sample surveys.

B. the Hawthorne Effect.

C. both objective and subjective elements.

D. official labor force statistics.

E. experimental bias.

Question #5

Sociologists who study work use as their unit of analysis all of the following EXCEPT

A. unions.

B. the labor force.

C. the worker.

D. occupations.

E. income tax returns.

Question #6

When sociologists conduct sample surveys, they ask questions of a systematic sample of people. What is the relationship of the sample to the population of interest?

A. The sample has a smaller response error than the population.

B. The sample is representative of the population.

C. The sample is the same as the population.

D. The sample answers questions that the population refuses to answer.

E. The sample represents only the working part of the population.

Question #7

Serfs are associated with

A. corvee labor.

B. craft work in a city.

C. service work.

D. sheep enclosures.

E. craft work in ancient Rome.

Question #8

A good survey includes all of the following EXCEPT

A. a representative set of respondents.

B. experimenter bias.

C. minimal response error.

D. reliable questions.

E. valid questions.

Question #9

The social stratification of a society is most influenced by

A. the ratio of unpaid to paid labor.

B. the level of technology in services.

C. the division of labor.

D. the number of women who work outside the home.

E. the number of factories per thousand workers.

Question #10

Select the government's reference week Current Population Survey term and classify the following person, based only on the following description choose the government's term in reference to the person's situation during the reference week for the Current Population Survey. Clara Miller, Walter's wife, is age 75. She has stopped looking for work because she believes no one will hire a woman of her age.

A. not in the target population

B. not in the labor force

C. employed

D. discouraged worker

E. unemployed

Question #11

The contradictory nature of work is depicted by

B. the fact that both workers and managers can be described as working.

C. the contrast between the situations of free workers and slaves.

D. the fact that work produces both satisfaction and alienation.

E. the fact that work generates both goods and services.

F. the relationship of bureaucracy to technology.

Question #12

Classical and contemporary theories of work are challenged by

A. the alienation of workers.

B. the creation of a class structure.

C. the development of bureaucracy.

D. the monetization of commodity production.

E. rapid change in the nature of work.

Question #13

Imperial societies developed

A. the assembly line.

B. bureaucracy.

C. slave labor.

D. agriculture.

E. markets.

Question #14

An advantage of multiple methods is

A. less experimental bias.

B. less response error.

C. less attention to ascribed characteristics.

D. greater reliability.

E. greater government subsidy.

Question #15

The relative disadvantage of sample surveys is

A. lack of generalizability.

B. response error.

C. lack of reliability.

D. experimenter bias.

E. interviewer fatigue.

Question #16

Select the government's reference week Current Population Survey term and classify the following person, based only on the following description choose the government's term in reference to the person's situation during the reference week for the Current Population Survey. Joe Miller's father, Walter Miller, age 77, is retired but spent the week sitting in the courthouse square and playing checkers. He won $3 from Sam Smith by betting on the outcome of the checkers game.

A. not in the labor force

B. unemployed

C. discouraged worker

D. employed

E. not in the target population

Question #17

Industrial capitalism (the factory system) was accompanied by

A. a decrease in the division of labor.

B. the introduction of machinery.

C. greater attention to workers' conditions.

D. the emancipation of women through participation in the workforce.

E. stopping emigration to the colonies.

Question #18

Markets in modern societies

A. all of the others

B. are global in reach.

C. involve services as well as goods.

D. have replaced barter.

E. cover many more commodities used in daily life.

Question #19

Historically, many systems of work encountered certain difficulties. Select the system of organizing work associated with that system's reason for difficulty: The work day lengthened, work intensified, and the number of holidays decreased.

A. guild system (Roman Era)

B. putting-out industry

C. the factory system

D. postindustrial society

E. craft guilds (Middle Ages)

Question #20

Select the government's reference week Current Population Survey term and classify the following person, based only on the following description choose the government's term in reference to the person's situation during the reference week for the Current Population Survey. Joe Miller, age 45, worked Tuesday through Friday at the Westview Widget Works. He took Monday off to attend a neighbor's funeral.

A. unemployed

B. not in the target population

C. employed

D. not in the labor force

E. discouraged worker

Question #21

In which of these societies was work regarded as a sacred ritual?

A. hunting and gathering societies

B. feudal system

C. merchant capitalism

D. postindustrial society

E. mass production

Question #22

The division of labor is highest in which type of society?

A. imperial societies

B. hunting and gathering

C. advanced industrial

D. industrial

E. feudal

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