Soc 340 - Sociology of Work » Spring 2021 » Test 1

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Question #1
Which of the following statements about bureaucracy is true?
A.   A bureaucracy is a hierarchy based on personal authority and charisma.
B.   A bureaucracy is characterized by standardized rules and procedures.
C.   Bureaucracies exist only in Europe and the United States.
D.   Bureaucracies are highly inefficient by nature.
E.   By definition, a bureaucracy can exist only in the government or not-for-profit sector.
Question #2
Select the government's reference week Current Population Survey term and classify the following person, based only on the following description choose the government's term in reference to the person's situation during the reference week for the Current Population Survey. Sharon Miller, age 17, spent four hours Friday evening and four hours Saturday evening baby-sitting for the Rodriguez family.
A.   not in the labor force
B.   unemployed
C.   not in the target population
D.   discouraged worker
E.   employed
Question #3
How occupations are perceived by others is measured by
A.   establishment surveys.
B.   mixed methods.
C.   detailed occupation groupings.
D.   socioeconomic status scores.
E.   occupational prestige.
Question #4
Characteristics of work that are hard to measure often involve
A.   both objective and subjective elements.
B.   experimental bias.
C.   the Hawthorne Effect.
D.   sample surveys.
E.   official labor force statistics.
Question #5
Sociologists who study work use as their unit of analysis all of the following EXCEPT
A.   the worker.
B.   income tax returns.
C.   occupations.
D.   the labor force.
E.   unions.
Question #6
When sociologists conduct sample surveys, they ask questions of a systematic sample of people. What is the relationship of the sample to the population of interest?
A.   The sample is representative of the population.
B.   The sample represents only the working part of the population.
C.   The sample answers questions that the population refuses to answer.
D.   The sample has a smaller response error than the population.
E.   The sample is the same as the population.
Question #7
Serfs are associated with
A.   corvee labor.
B.   service work.
C.   sheep enclosures.
D.   craft work in a city.
E.   craft work in ancient Rome.
Question #8
A good survey includes all of the following EXCEPT
A.   experimenter bias.
B.   minimal response error.
C.   a representative set of respondents.
D.   valid questions.
E.   reliable questions.
Question #9
The social stratification of a society is most influenced by
A.   the number of factories per thousand workers.
B.   the division of labor.
C.   the number of women who work outside the home.
D.   the ratio of unpaid to paid labor.
E.   the level of technology in services.
Question #10
Select the government's reference week Current Population Survey term and classify the following person, based only on the following description choose the government's term in reference to the person's situation during the reference week for the Current Population Survey. Clara Miller, Walter's wife, is age 75. She has stopped looking for work because she believes no one will hire a woman of her age.
A.   discouraged worker
B.   not in the target population
C.   unemployed
D.   employed
E.   not in the labor force
Question #11
The contradictory nature of work is depicted by
A.     
B.   the contrast between the situations of free workers and slaves.
C.   the fact that work produces both satisfaction and alienation.
D.   the relationship of bureaucracy to technology.
E.   the fact that both workers and managers can be described as working.
F.   the fact that work generates both goods and services.
Question #12
Classical and contemporary theories of work are challenged by
A.   the monetization of commodity production.
B.   the development of bureaucracy.
C.   the alienation of workers.
D.   rapid change in the nature of work.
E.   the creation of a class structure.
Question #13
Imperial societies developed
A.   agriculture.
B.   markets.
C.   bureaucracy.
D.   slave labor.
E.   the assembly line.
Question #14
An advantage of multiple methods is
A.   greater government subsidy.
B.   less experimental bias.
C.   less attention to ascribed characteristics.
D.   greater reliability.
E.   less response error.
Question #15
The relative disadvantage of sample surveys is
A.   lack of generalizability.
B.   interviewer fatigue.
C.   response error.
D.   lack of reliability.
E.   experimenter bias.
Question #16
Select the government's reference week Current Population Survey term and classify the following person, based only on the following description choose the government's term in reference to the person's situation during the reference week for the Current Population Survey. Joe Miller's father, Walter Miller, age 77, is retired but spent the week sitting in the courthouse square and playing checkers. He won $3 from Sam Smith by betting on the outcome of the checkers game.
A.   discouraged worker
B.   employed
C.   not in the target population
D.   not in the labor force
E.   unemployed
Question #17
Industrial capitalism (the factory system) was accompanied by
A.   the introduction of machinery.
B.   the emancipation of women through participation in the workforce.
C.   greater attention to workers' conditions.
D.   stopping emigration to the colonies.
E.   a decrease in the division of labor.
Question #18
Markets in modern societies
A.   involve services as well as goods.
B.   have replaced barter.
C.   are global in reach.
D.   cover many more commodities used in daily life.
E.   all of the others
Question #19
Historically, many systems of work encountered certain difficulties. Select the system of organizing work associated with that system's reason for difficulty: The work day lengthened, work intensified, and the number of holidays decreased.
A.   putting-out industry
B.   craft guilds (Middle Ages)
C.   the factory system
D.   guild system (Roman Era)
E.   postindustrial society
Question #20
Select the government's reference week Current Population Survey term and classify the following person, based only on the following description choose the government's term in reference to the person's situation during the reference week for the Current Population Survey. Joe Miller, age 45, worked Tuesday through Friday at the Westview Widget Works. He took Monday off to attend a neighbor's funeral.
A.   employed
B.   discouraged worker
C.   not in the labor force
D.   unemployed
E.   not in the target population
Question #21
In which of these societies was work regarded as a sacred ritual?
A.   feudal system
B.   mass production
C.   postindustrial society
D.   merchant capitalism
E.   hunting and gathering societies
Question #22
The division of labor is highest in which type of society?
A.   hunting and gathering
B.   feudal
C.   advanced industrial
D.   industrial
E.   imperial societies

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