CDE 7 - Child Growth and Development » Spring 2021 » Chapter 1

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Question #1
Plasticity is defined as:
A.   The vast array of contexts in which development occurs
B.   The ability to change and that many of our characteristics are changeable
C.   The universals and specifics of human development in many cultural settings
D.   The fact that many academic fields contribute data to the science of development
Question #2
Skinner suggested that reinforcement is a more effective means of encouraging a behavior than is criticism or punishment. The type of conditioning that Skinner identified was:
A.   Classical conditioning
B.   Observational conditioning
C.   Cognitive conditioning
D.   Operant conditioning
Question #3
The first step in the scientific method involves:
A.   Literature review
B.   Drawing conclusions
C.   Determining a research question
D.   Conducting the study
Question #4
Freud's stage that takes place in the second year is called:
A.   The phallic state
B.   The anal stage
C.   Trust versus mistrust
D.   The oral stage
Question #5
_____ looks at the way the consequences of a behavior increase or decrease the likelihood of a behavior occurring again.
A.   Cognition
B.   Operant conditioning
C.   Observational learning
D.   Psychoanalysis
Question #6
_____ learning takes place by observing others.
A.   Social
B.   Cognitive
C.   Developmental
D.   Psychoanalytic
Question #7
The ____ domain encompasses the changes in intelligence, wisdom, perception, problem solving, memory and language.
A.   Cognitive
B.   Social and emotional
C.   Physical
D.   None of the above
Question #8
Vygotsky used the term _____ to describe guided participation used by teachers to understand what students are capable of doing.
A.   Zone of proximal development
B.   Scaffolding
C.   Apprenticeship in thinking
D.     
E.   Elective adaptation
Question #9
A _____ is something that encourages or promotes a behavior.
A.   Punishment
B.   Observation
C.   Reinforcer
D.   Condition

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