CDE 7 - Child Growth and Development » Spring 2021 » Chapter 1

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Question #1
Plasticity is defined as:
A.   The fact that many academic fields contribute data to the science of development
B.   The vast array of contexts in which development occurs
C.   The universals and specifics of human development in many cultural settings
D.   The ability to change and that many of our characteristics are changeable
Question #2
Skinner suggested that reinforcement is a more effective means of encouraging a behavior than is criticism or punishment. The type of conditioning that Skinner identified was:
A.   Observational conditioning
B.   Operant conditioning
C.   Cognitive conditioning
D.   Classical conditioning
Question #3
The first step in the scientific method involves:
A.   Determining a research question
B.   Conducting the study
C.   Drawing conclusions
D.   Literature review
Question #4
Freud's stage that takes place in the second year is called:
A.   The phallic state
B.   The anal stage
C.   The oral stage
D.   Trust versus mistrust
Question #5
_____ looks at the way the consequences of a behavior increase or decrease the likelihood of a behavior occurring again.
A.   Operant conditioning
B.   Psychoanalysis
C.   Observational learning
D.   Cognition
Question #6
_____ learning takes place by observing others.
A.   Psychoanalytic
B.   Social
C.   Developmental
D.   Cognitive
Question #7
The ____ domain encompasses the changes in intelligence, wisdom, perception, problem solving, memory and language.
A.   Physical
B.   Social and emotional
C.   Cognitive
D.   None of the above
Question #8
Vygotsky used the term _____ to describe guided participation used by teachers to understand what students are capable of doing.
A.     
B.   Elective adaptation
C.   Apprenticeship in thinking
D.   Scaffolding
E.   Zone of proximal development
Question #9
A _____ is something that encourages or promotes a behavior.
A.   Reinforcer
B.   Condition
C.   Punishment
D.   Observation

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