CDE 7 - Child Growth and Development » Spring 2021 » Chapter 1

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Question #1
Plasticity is defined as:
A.   The ability to change and that many of our characteristics are changeable
B.   The vast array of contexts in which development occurs
C.   The fact that many academic fields contribute data to the science of development
D.   The universals and specifics of human development in many cultural settings
Question #2
Skinner suggested that reinforcement is a more effective means of encouraging a behavior than is criticism or punishment. The type of conditioning that Skinner identified was:
A.   Operant conditioning
B.   Cognitive conditioning
C.   Observational conditioning
D.   Classical conditioning
Question #3
The first step in the scientific method involves:
A.   Drawing conclusions
B.   Conducting the study
C.   Determining a research question
D.   Literature review
Question #4
Freud's stage that takes place in the second year is called:
A.   The phallic state
B.   The oral stage
C.   Trust versus mistrust
D.   The anal stage
Question #5
_____ looks at the way the consequences of a behavior increase or decrease the likelihood of a behavior occurring again.
A.   Operant conditioning
B.   Psychoanalysis
C.   Cognition
D.   Observational learning
Question #6
_____ learning takes place by observing others.
A.   Developmental
B.   Psychoanalytic
C.   Cognitive
D.   Social
Question #7
The ____ domain encompasses the changes in intelligence, wisdom, perception, problem solving, memory and language.
A.   Cognitive
B.   Social and emotional
C.   Physical
D.   None of the above
Question #8
Vygotsky used the term _____ to describe guided participation used by teachers to understand what students are capable of doing.
A.     
B.   Elective adaptation
C.   Apprenticeship in thinking
D.   Scaffolding
E.   Zone of proximal development
Question #9
A _____ is something that encourages or promotes a behavior.
A.   Condition
B.   Reinforcer
C.   Punishment
D.   Observation

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