Anthropology 101 - Human Biological Evolution » Spring 2021 » Unit 1 Exam

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Question #1
Which subdiscipline of anthropology would research why darker skin pigmentation is more often found in high ultraviolet (UV) contexts, while lighter skin pigmentation is more common in low UV areas?
A.   biological anthropology
B.   archeology
C.   cultural anthropology
D.   linguistic anthropology
Question #2
In talking about the scientific method, falsifiable means that ___________.
A.   Hypotheses and theories are always open to further testing and data that shows they are wrong or incomplete
B.   Scientists regularly make up data, using false evidence to support their ideas
C.   An hypothesis can not be wrong
D.   Hypotheses are always correct, supported by lots of data
Question #3
A theory is:
A.   an educated guess
B.   a framework that explains confirmed hypotheses
C.   a method of identifying variables
D.   the same as a proven fact
Question #4
The strepsirhine primates include the:
A.   lemurs
B.   apes
C.   humans
D.   monkeys
Question #5
The family Hominidae includes:
A.   orangutans
B.   all of these examples are members of Hominidae
C.   humans
D.   gorillas
Question #6
When comparing species intelligence, we want to consider
A.   the number of neurons found in the brain
B.   the brain size to body size ratio
C.   the size of the neocortex
D.   the EQ
E.   all of these are relevant features of the brain in comparing species' intelligence
Question #7
Quadrupedal monkeys __________.
A.   have long arched spines for flexible movement when leaping.
B.   have narrow rib cages with scapula on the side, limiting the range of motion in the shoulder.
C.   hold their bodies parallel to the ground (pronograde posture) when walking.
D.   All of these traits characterize quadrupedal monkeys.
Question #8
Vertical clinging and leaping is a locomotor pattern frequently practiced by some
A.   terrestrial monkeys.
B.   apes.
C.   lemurs.
D.   gibbons.
Question #9
The chimpanzee diet consists of:
A.   insects, meat, fruits, leaves and seeds
B.   meat
C.   insects and meat
D.   fruits, leaves and seeds
Question #10
Which of the following statements is true?
A.   Individuals living in larger groups are at less risk from predators than individuals living in smaller groups.
B.   Some species use alarm calls and can defend themselves against some predators.
C.   Some species use alarm calls and can defend themselves against some predators, individuals living in larger groups are at less risk from predators than individuals living in smaller groups and predation poses a serious risk to most primate species.
D.   Predation poses a serious risk to most primate species.
Question #11
The larger size of canine teeth in the male chimpanzee as compared with the female is an example of:
A.   sexual dimorphism
B.   allometric growth
C.   heterodonty
D.   neoteny
Question #12
Features of human foraging bands include which of the following?
A.   Food obtained by men and women are transported to a home base where it is shared.
B.   Men and women tend to perform different yet complementary economic tasks, referred to as a sexual division of labor.
C.   Food obtained by men and women are transported to a home base where it is shared, bands exploit a diverse series of habitats and food resources and men and women tend to perform different yet complementary economic tasks, referred to as a sexual division of labor.
D.   Bands exploit a diverse series of habitats and food resources.
Question #13
The chimpanzee diet consists of:
A.   fruits, leaves and seeds
B.   insects, meat, fruits, leaves and seeds
C.   meat
D.   insects and meat
Question #14
Much of what makes human behavior more complex than the behavior of other animals depends on our possession of
A.   stereoscopic vision
B.   spoken language
C.   a frontal lobe
D.   sociality
Question #15
Which of the following is an example of primate communication?
A.   a lemur marks territory with a scent gland
B.   a male grooms an estrus female
C.   all of these are examples of primate communication
D.   a male baboon displays his large canines
Question #16
One of the features of language that make is so powerful and useful in navigating complex situations is:
A.   the ability to string together multiple utterances to create novel communications (openness)
B.   the ability to refer to things that are not currently present of even visible or physical (displacement)
C.   the ability to refer to specific objects in the world (semanticity), the ability to refer to things that are not currently present of even visible or physical (displacement) and the ability to string together multiple utterances to create novel communications (openness)
D.   the ability to refer to specific objects in the world (semanticity)
Question #17
Which of the following is NOT a condition necessary for reciprocal altruism to evolve?
A.   individuals must be able to keep track of past interactions
B.   These all are necessary conditions
C.   individuals must interact frequently
D.   individuals must restrict help to those who have helped them
Question #18
Grooming is not considered an example of nonhuman primate cultural behavior because:
A.   all of these explain why grooming is not a cultural behavior in nonhuman primates
B.   chimps in all groups groom
C.   it is a species typical behavior
D.   there is no regional variation in the behavior of grooming
Question #19
Chimpanzees display many different cultural traditions that include all of the following EXCEPT
A.   hunting strategies
B.   cracking nuts
C.   tool-use techniques
D.   religious behaviors
Question #20
Primate females always invest in their young because:
A.   primate females are smarter and can learn how to raise offspring, while males can't.
B.   primate males are lazy.
C.   primate males always kill infants.
D.   females are committed to parental investment by their physiology (gestation, lactation).
Question #21
A _____ social structure is generally associated with high levels of paternal investment.
A.   monogamous
B.   solitary
C.   one-male, multi-female
D.   multi-male, multi-female

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