A.   all of these are essential elements of natural selection.

B.   individuals within a population vary.

C.   individuals with useful adaptations will be more likely to survive and reproduce.

D.   while organisms within a population reproduce rapidly, resources are limited.

A.   the inheritance of variation.

B.   the struggle for existance.

C.   Natural selection is based on all three of these answers.

D.   variation in fitness.

A.   traits are not inherited by offspring.

B.   evolutionary change would proceed in a nonadaptive direction.

C.   there are no differences in the traits to be favored and affect survival and reproducation.

D.   there is no competition.

A.   are components of organisms that enable them to survive and reproduce.

B.   cannot be passed from parent to offspring.

C.   allow organisms to evolve more rapidly.

D.   almost always occur by chance alone.

A.   stabilizing selection

B.   averaging selection

C.   directional selection

D.   disruptive selection

A.   changed because equilibrium existed in the population

B.   never changed because of stasis

C.   changed over time because of environmental change

D.   never changed because of high juvenile mortality

A.   The Grants found all these things as part of their study.

B.   the survivors of the drought had a larger average beak size

C.   a large number of the birds had died as a result of the drought

D.   beak size is inherited so the next generation had a larger average beak size

A.   non-genetic trait

B.   mendelian trait

C.   polygenic trait

D.   dominant trait

A.   Chromosomes come in pairs.

B.   One chromosome from each homologous pair is passed on to gametic cells during meiosis.

C.   Hereditary material is contained in the chromosomes.

D.   These are all true about choromsomes

A.   allele

B.   gene

C.   mutation

D.   genetic drift

A.   the somatic cells of the body.

B.   the sex cells or eggs and sperm.

C.   were discovered by Darwin.

D.   do not differ between male and female animals.

A.   All of these are ways that genetic variation remains within a population.

B.   There is no blending during sexual reproduction.

C.   Mutations can be hidden in the heterozygous genotype.

D.   New variation is slowly added by mutation.

A.   migration

B.   mutation

C.   genetic drift

D.   natural selection

A.   all of these are important in shaping continuously varying traits

B.   are affected by genes at many loci.

C.   can be greatly impacted by the environment during an individual's growth and development.

D.   are shaped by many genes, each with only a small effect on the phenotype.

A.   migration

B.   recombination

C.   mutation

D.   genetic drift

A.   populations out of equilibrium.

B.   medium-sized populations.

C.   large populations.

D.   small populations.

A.   equilibrium in genetic frequencies.

B.   changes in gene frequencies that are random with respect to adaptation.

C.   maladaptive changes in gene frequencies.

D.   adaptive changes in gene frequencies.

A.   the production of new genetic material

B.   the exchange of genes between populations

C.   the chance loss of alleles in a population

D.   the differential reproductive success of individuals

A.   mutation

B.   genetic drift

C.   All of these forces may disrupt equilibrium.

D.   gene flow

A.   the change from one species to another in one generation

B.   the appearance of new species

C.   any type of genetic mutation

D.   the change in allele frequencies from one generation to the next

A.   the extinction of a species.

B.   evolutionary change within a species.

C.   the formation of new species.

D.   the death of individuals in a group.

A.   the relationship between humans and other animals in their ecological niche

B.   large scale evolutionary change such as speciation

C.   small scale evolutionary changes within a single generation

D.   how the evolution of one species affects the evolution of another species

A.   extinction

B.   sympatric speciation.

C.   migration

D.   allopatric speciation.

A.   parallel evolution.

B.   homology.

C.   adaptive radiation.

D.   generalization.

A.   genetic drift within populations.

B.   gene flow among members of the same species.

C.   sexual selection between two different species

D.   they way natural selection favors particular traits suited to a specific ecological niche.

A.   new mutations are usually maladaptive.

B.   gene flow between individuals within the population keeps them similar to each other.

C.   natural selection is a powerful process.

D.   environments change slowly.

A.   gradualism.

B.   microevolution.

C.   punctuated equilibrium.

D.   parallel evolution.

A.   is called the theory of phyletic gradualism.

B.   is not the only pattern of speciation observed in the natural world.

C.   one possible explanation of speciation accepted by biologists today, is not the only pattern of speciation observed in the natural world and is called the theory of phyletic gradualism.

D.   one possible explanation of speciation accepted by biologists today.

A.   because there is over-population and species survival depends on a new species evolving.

B.   males and females don't like each other very much and so prefer not to mate.

C.   when interbreeding between two different species results in less successful hybrid offspring.

D.   when there is extensive gene flow within a single species.