A.   individuals within a population vary.

B.   while organisms within a population reproduce rapidly, resources are limited.

C.   individuals with useful adaptations will be more likely to survive and reproduce.

D.   all of these are essential elements of natural selection.

A.   Natural selection is based on all three of these answers.

B.   variation in fitness.

C.   the inheritance of variation.

D.   the struggle for existance.

A.   there is no competition.

B.   traits are not inherited by offspring.

C.   there are no differences in the traits to be favored and affect survival and reproducation.

D.   evolutionary change would proceed in a nonadaptive direction.

A.   cannot be passed from parent to offspring.

B.   are components of organisms that enable them to survive and reproduce.

C.   almost always occur by chance alone.

D.   allow organisms to evolve more rapidly.

A.   averaging selection

B.   stabilizing selection

C.   disruptive selection

D.   directional selection

A.   changed because equilibrium existed in the population

B.   never changed because of stasis

C.   never changed because of high juvenile mortality

D.   changed over time because of environmental change

A.   The Grants found all these things as part of their study.

B.   beak size is inherited so the next generation had a larger average beak size

C.   a large number of the birds had died as a result of the drought

D.   the survivors of the drought had a larger average beak size

A.   polygenic trait

B.   mendelian trait

C.   non-genetic trait

D.   dominant trait

A.   One chromosome from each homologous pair is passed on to gametic cells during meiosis.

B.   These are all true about choromsomes

C.   Hereditary material is contained in the chromosomes.

D.   Chromosomes come in pairs.

A.   gene

B.   genetic drift

C.   allele

D.   mutation

A.   do not differ between male and female animals.

B.   the sex cells or eggs and sperm.

C.   were discovered by Darwin.

D.   the somatic cells of the body.

A.   All of these are ways that genetic variation remains within a population.

B.   Mutations can be hidden in the heterozygous genotype.

C.   New variation is slowly added by mutation.

D.   There is no blending during sexual reproduction.

A.   natural selection

B.   mutation

C.   genetic drift

D.   migration

A.   are affected by genes at many loci.

B.   can be greatly impacted by the environment during an individual's growth and development.

C.   all of these are important in shaping continuously varying traits

D.   are shaped by many genes, each with only a small effect on the phenotype.

A.   mutation

B.   migration

C.   genetic drift

D.   recombination

A.   populations out of equilibrium.

B.   medium-sized populations.

C.   large populations.

D.   small populations.

A.   adaptive changes in gene frequencies.

B.   equilibrium in genetic frequencies.

C.   maladaptive changes in gene frequencies.

D.   changes in gene frequencies that are random with respect to adaptation.

A.   the differential reproductive success of individuals

B.   the production of new genetic material

C.   the exchange of genes between populations

D.   the chance loss of alleles in a population

A.   gene flow

B.   mutation

C.   All of these forces may disrupt equilibrium.

D.   genetic drift

A.   the change in allele frequencies from one generation to the next

B.   any type of genetic mutation

C.   the change from one species to another in one generation

D.   the appearance of new species

A.   the death of individuals in a group.

B.   evolutionary change within a species.

C.   the extinction of a species.

D.   the formation of new species.

A.   the relationship between humans and other animals in their ecological niche

B.   large scale evolutionary change such as speciation

C.   small scale evolutionary changes within a single generation

D.   how the evolution of one species affects the evolution of another species

A.   extinction

B.   migration

C.   sympatric speciation.

D.   allopatric speciation.

A.   generalization.

B.   adaptive radiation.

C.   homology.

D.   parallel evolution.

A.   they way natural selection favors particular traits suited to a specific ecological niche.

B.   genetic drift within populations.

C.   sexual selection between two different species

D.   gene flow among members of the same species.

A.   natural selection is a powerful process.

B.   gene flow between individuals within the population keeps them similar to each other.

C.   new mutations are usually maladaptive.

D.   environments change slowly.

A.   gradualism.

B.   microevolution.

C.   parallel evolution.

D.   punctuated equilibrium.

A.   is not the only pattern of speciation observed in the natural world.

B.   one possible explanation of speciation accepted by biologists today, is not the only pattern of speciation observed in the natural world and is called the theory of phyletic gradualism.

C.   is called the theory of phyletic gradualism.

D.   one possible explanation of speciation accepted by biologists today.

A.   when there is extensive gene flow within a single species.

B.   when interbreeding between two different species results in less successful hybrid offspring.

C.   males and females don't like each other very much and so prefer not to mate.

D.   because there is over-population and species survival depends on a new species evolving.