A.   individuals within a population vary.

B.   all of these are essential elements of natural selection.

C.   individuals with useful adaptations will be more likely to survive and reproduce.

D.   while organisms within a population reproduce rapidly, resources are limited.

A.   the struggle for existance.

B.   variation in fitness.

C.   the inheritance of variation.

D.   Natural selection is based on all three of these answers.

A.   traits are not inherited by offspring.

B.   there are no differences in the traits to be favored and affect survival and reproducation.

C.   there is no competition.

D.   evolutionary change would proceed in a nonadaptive direction.

A.   allow organisms to evolve more rapidly.

B.   cannot be passed from parent to offspring.

C.   are components of organisms that enable them to survive and reproduce.

D.   almost always occur by chance alone.

A.   disruptive selection

B.   averaging selection

C.   stabilizing selection

D.   directional selection

A.   changed because equilibrium existed in the population

B.   never changed because of stasis

C.   never changed because of high juvenile mortality

D.   changed over time because of environmental change

A.   beak size is inherited so the next generation had a larger average beak size

B.   the survivors of the drought had a larger average beak size

C.   a large number of the birds had died as a result of the drought

D.   The Grants found all these things as part of their study.

A.   dominant trait

B.   polygenic trait

C.   non-genetic trait

D.   mendelian trait

A.   Chromosomes come in pairs.

B.   These are all true about choromsomes

C.   Hereditary material is contained in the chromosomes.

D.   One chromosome from each homologous pair is passed on to gametic cells during meiosis.

A.   gene

B.   mutation

C.   allele

D.   genetic drift

A.   the sex cells or eggs and sperm.

B.   were discovered by Darwin.

C.   the somatic cells of the body.

D.   do not differ between male and female animals.

A.   There is no blending during sexual reproduction.

B.   Mutations can be hidden in the heterozygous genotype.

C.   All of these are ways that genetic variation remains within a population.

D.   New variation is slowly added by mutation.

A.   mutation

B.   genetic drift

C.   natural selection

D.   migration

A.   all of these are important in shaping continuously varying traits

B.   can be greatly impacted by the environment during an individual's growth and development.

C.   are shaped by many genes, each with only a small effect on the phenotype.

D.   are affected by genes at many loci.

A.   recombination

B.   mutation

C.   migration

D.   genetic drift

A.   small populations.

B.   medium-sized populations.

C.   populations out of equilibrium.

D.   large populations.

A.   adaptive changes in gene frequencies.

B.   changes in gene frequencies that are random with respect to adaptation.

C.   equilibrium in genetic frequencies.

D.   maladaptive changes in gene frequencies.

A.   the differential reproductive success of individuals

B.   the exchange of genes between populations

C.   the production of new genetic material

D.   the chance loss of alleles in a population

A.   All of these forces may disrupt equilibrium.

B.   gene flow

C.   genetic drift

D.   mutation

A.   the appearance of new species

B.   the change in allele frequencies from one generation to the next

C.   the change from one species to another in one generation

D.   any type of genetic mutation

A.   the formation of new species.

B.   evolutionary change within a species.

C.   the death of individuals in a group.

D.   the extinction of a species.

A.   the relationship between humans and other animals in their ecological niche

B.   how the evolution of one species affects the evolution of another species

C.   large scale evolutionary change such as speciation

D.   small scale evolutionary changes within a single generation

A.   allopatric speciation.

B.   migration

C.   sympatric speciation.

D.   extinction

A.   generalization.

B.   homology.

C.   parallel evolution.

D.   adaptive radiation.

A.   they way natural selection favors particular traits suited to a specific ecological niche.

B.   genetic drift within populations.

C.   gene flow among members of the same species.

D.   sexual selection between two different species

A.   environments change slowly.

B.   gene flow between individuals within the population keeps them similar to each other.

C.   new mutations are usually maladaptive.

D.   natural selection is a powerful process.

A.   punctuated equilibrium.

B.   parallel evolution.

C.   microevolution.

D.   gradualism.

A.   is not the only pattern of speciation observed in the natural world.

B.   is called the theory of phyletic gradualism.

C.   one possible explanation of speciation accepted by biologists today.

D.   one possible explanation of speciation accepted by biologists today, is not the only pattern of speciation observed in the natural world and is called the theory of phyletic gradualism.

A.   because there is over-population and species survival depends on a new species evolving.

B.   when interbreeding between two different species results in less successful hybrid offspring.

C.   when there is extensive gene flow within a single species.

D.   males and females don't like each other very much and so prefer not to mate.