A.   while organisms within a population reproduce rapidly, resources are limited.

B.   all of these are essential elements of natural selection.

C.   individuals within a population vary.

D.   individuals with useful adaptations will be more likely to survive and reproduce.

A.   variation in fitness.

B.   the inheritance of variation.

C.   Natural selection is based on all three of these answers.

D.   the struggle for existance.

A.   there is no competition.

B.   there are no differences in the traits to be favored and affect survival and reproducation.

C.   traits are not inherited by offspring.

D.   evolutionary change would proceed in a nonadaptive direction.

A.   are components of organisms that enable them to survive and reproduce.

B.   almost always occur by chance alone.

C.   allow organisms to evolve more rapidly.

D.   cannot be passed from parent to offspring.

A.   disruptive selection

B.   directional selection

C.   averaging selection

D.   stabilizing selection

A.   never changed because of stasis

B.   changed because equilibrium existed in the population

C.   never changed because of high juvenile mortality

D.   changed over time because of environmental change

A.   the survivors of the drought had a larger average beak size

B.   a large number of the birds had died as a result of the drought

C.   The Grants found all these things as part of their study.

D.   beak size is inherited so the next generation had a larger average beak size

A.   polygenic trait

B.   non-genetic trait

C.   dominant trait

D.   mendelian trait

A.   Chromosomes come in pairs.

B.   One chromosome from each homologous pair is passed on to gametic cells during meiosis.

C.   Hereditary material is contained in the chromosomes.

D.   These are all true about choromsomes

A.   allele

B.   genetic drift

C.   gene

D.   mutation

A.   were discovered by Darwin.

B.   the somatic cells of the body.

C.   do not differ between male and female animals.

D.   the sex cells or eggs and sperm.

A.   There is no blending during sexual reproduction.

B.   New variation is slowly added by mutation.

C.   All of these are ways that genetic variation remains within a population.

D.   Mutations can be hidden in the heterozygous genotype.

A.   natural selection

B.   migration

C.   genetic drift

D.   mutation

A.   are shaped by many genes, each with only a small effect on the phenotype.

B.   can be greatly impacted by the environment during an individual's growth and development.

C.   are affected by genes at many loci.

D.   all of these are important in shaping continuously varying traits

A.   genetic drift

B.   mutation

C.   recombination

D.   migration

A.   medium-sized populations.

B.   small populations.

C.   large populations.

D.   populations out of equilibrium.

A.   maladaptive changes in gene frequencies.

B.   adaptive changes in gene frequencies.

C.   equilibrium in genetic frequencies.

D.   changes in gene frequencies that are random with respect to adaptation.

A.   the chance loss of alleles in a population

B.   the exchange of genes between populations

C.   the production of new genetic material

D.   the differential reproductive success of individuals

A.   mutation

B.   gene flow

C.   genetic drift

D.   All of these forces may disrupt equilibrium.

A.   the change in allele frequencies from one generation to the next

B.   the change from one species to another in one generation

C.   the appearance of new species

D.   any type of genetic mutation

A.   the death of individuals in a group.

B.   evolutionary change within a species.

C.   the extinction of a species.

D.   the formation of new species.

A.   how the evolution of one species affects the evolution of another species

B.   large scale evolutionary change such as speciation

C.   the relationship between humans and other animals in their ecological niche

D.   small scale evolutionary changes within a single generation

A.   migration

B.   extinction

C.   sympatric speciation.

D.   allopatric speciation.

A.   parallel evolution.

B.   homology.

C.   generalization.

D.   adaptive radiation.

A.   sexual selection between two different species

B.   gene flow among members of the same species.

C.   they way natural selection favors particular traits suited to a specific ecological niche.

D.   genetic drift within populations.

A.   new mutations are usually maladaptive.

B.   natural selection is a powerful process.

C.   gene flow between individuals within the population keeps them similar to each other.

D.   environments change slowly.

A.   punctuated equilibrium.

B.   parallel evolution.

C.   microevolution.

D.   gradualism.

A.   is not the only pattern of speciation observed in the natural world.

B.   is called the theory of phyletic gradualism.

C.   one possible explanation of speciation accepted by biologists today, is not the only pattern of speciation observed in the natural world and is called the theory of phyletic gradualism.

D.   one possible explanation of speciation accepted by biologists today.

A.   because there is over-population and species survival depends on a new species evolving.

B.   when there is extensive gene flow within a single species.

C.   when interbreeding between two different species results in less successful hybrid offspring.

D.   males and females don't like each other very much and so prefer not to mate.