A.   individuals with useful adaptations will be more likely to survive and reproduce.

B.   while organisms within a population reproduce rapidly, resources are limited.

C.   individuals within a population vary.

D.   all of these are essential elements of natural selection.

A.   the inheritance of variation.

B.   Natural selection is based on all three of these answers.

C.   the struggle for existance.

D.   variation in fitness.

A.   there are no differences in the traits to be favored and affect survival and reproducation.

B.   traits are not inherited by offspring.

C.   there is no competition.

D.   evolutionary change would proceed in a nonadaptive direction.

A.   cannot be passed from parent to offspring.

B.   almost always occur by chance alone.

C.   allow organisms to evolve more rapidly.

D.   are components of organisms that enable them to survive and reproduce.

A.   directional selection

B.   stabilizing selection

C.   disruptive selection

D.   averaging selection

A.   never changed because of stasis

B.   never changed because of high juvenile mortality

C.   changed because equilibrium existed in the population

D.   changed over time because of environmental change

A.   a large number of the birds had died as a result of the drought

B.   beak size is inherited so the next generation had a larger average beak size

C.   The Grants found all these things as part of their study.

D.   the survivors of the drought had a larger average beak size

A.   dominant trait

B.   mendelian trait

C.   non-genetic trait

D.   polygenic trait

A.   Chromosomes come in pairs.

B.   One chromosome from each homologous pair is passed on to gametic cells during meiosis.

C.   Hereditary material is contained in the chromosomes.

D.   These are all true about choromsomes

A.   genetic drift

B.   mutation

C.   gene

D.   allele

A.   the somatic cells of the body.

B.   were discovered by Darwin.

C.   the sex cells or eggs and sperm.

D.   do not differ between male and female animals.

A.   All of these are ways that genetic variation remains within a population.

B.   New variation is slowly added by mutation.

C.   Mutations can be hidden in the heterozygous genotype.

D.   There is no blending during sexual reproduction.

A.   migration

B.   genetic drift

C.   mutation

D.   natural selection

A.   all of these are important in shaping continuously varying traits

B.   are affected by genes at many loci.

C.   are shaped by many genes, each with only a small effect on the phenotype.

D.   can be greatly impacted by the environment during an individual's growth and development.

A.   migration

B.   genetic drift

C.   mutation

D.   recombination

A.   populations out of equilibrium.

B.   medium-sized populations.

C.   large populations.

D.   small populations.

A.   changes in gene frequencies that are random with respect to adaptation.

B.   equilibrium in genetic frequencies.

C.   maladaptive changes in gene frequencies.

D.   adaptive changes in gene frequencies.

A.   the chance loss of alleles in a population

B.   the production of new genetic material

C.   the differential reproductive success of individuals

D.   the exchange of genes between populations

A.   gene flow

B.   genetic drift

C.   All of these forces may disrupt equilibrium.

D.   mutation

A.   the change from one species to another in one generation

B.   the change in allele frequencies from one generation to the next

C.   the appearance of new species

D.   any type of genetic mutation

A.   the death of individuals in a group.

B.   the extinction of a species.

C.   evolutionary change within a species.

D.   the formation of new species.

A.   small scale evolutionary changes within a single generation

B.   how the evolution of one species affects the evolution of another species

C.   large scale evolutionary change such as speciation

D.   the relationship between humans and other animals in their ecological niche

A.   extinction

B.   migration

C.   sympatric speciation.

D.   allopatric speciation.

A.   adaptive radiation.

B.   homology.

C.   generalization.

D.   parallel evolution.

A.   sexual selection between two different species

B.   genetic drift within populations.

C.   gene flow among members of the same species.

D.   they way natural selection favors particular traits suited to a specific ecological niche.

A.   new mutations are usually maladaptive.

B.   environments change slowly.

C.   gene flow between individuals within the population keeps them similar to each other.

D.   natural selection is a powerful process.

A.   gradualism.

B.   punctuated equilibrium.

C.   microevolution.

D.   parallel evolution.

A.   is not the only pattern of speciation observed in the natural world.

B.   is called the theory of phyletic gradualism.

C.   one possible explanation of speciation accepted by biologists today.

D.   one possible explanation of speciation accepted by biologists today, is not the only pattern of speciation observed in the natural world and is called the theory of phyletic gradualism.

A.   when interbreeding between two different species results in less successful hybrid offspring.

B.   when there is extensive gene flow within a single species.

C.   because there is over-population and species survival depends on a new species evolving.

D.   males and females don't like each other very much and so prefer not to mate.