A.   individuals with useful adaptations will be more likely to survive and reproduce.

B.   all of these are essential elements of natural selection.

C.   while organisms within a population reproduce rapidly, resources are limited.

D.   individuals within a population vary.

A.   the inheritance of variation.

B.   Natural selection is based on all three of these answers.

C.   the struggle for existance.

D.   variation in fitness.

A.   there are no differences in the traits to be favored and affect survival and reproducation.

B.   traits are not inherited by offspring.

C.   evolutionary change would proceed in a nonadaptive direction.

D.   there is no competition.

A.   allow organisms to evolve more rapidly.

B.   almost always occur by chance alone.

C.   are components of organisms that enable them to survive and reproduce.

D.   cannot be passed from parent to offspring.

A.   averaging selection

B.   disruptive selection

C.   directional selection

D.   stabilizing selection

A.   changed because equilibrium existed in the population

B.   never changed because of stasis

C.   changed over time because of environmental change

D.   never changed because of high juvenile mortality

A.   a large number of the birds had died as a result of the drought

B.   the survivors of the drought had a larger average beak size

C.   The Grants found all these things as part of their study.

D.   beak size is inherited so the next generation had a larger average beak size

A.   polygenic trait

B.   dominant trait

C.   non-genetic trait

D.   mendelian trait

A.   One chromosome from each homologous pair is passed on to gametic cells during meiosis.

B.   Chromosomes come in pairs.

C.   Hereditary material is contained in the chromosomes.

D.   These are all true about choromsomes

A.   mutation

B.   genetic drift

C.   gene

D.   allele

A.   do not differ between male and female animals.

B.   the somatic cells of the body.

C.   the sex cells or eggs and sperm.

D.   were discovered by Darwin.

A.   Mutations can be hidden in the heterozygous genotype.

B.   There is no blending during sexual reproduction.

C.   New variation is slowly added by mutation.

D.   All of these are ways that genetic variation remains within a population.

A.   natural selection

B.   migration

C.   mutation

D.   genetic drift

A.   are shaped by many genes, each with only a small effect on the phenotype.

B.   can be greatly impacted by the environment during an individual's growth and development.

C.   are affected by genes at many loci.

D.   all of these are important in shaping continuously varying traits

A.   mutation

B.   genetic drift

C.   migration

D.   recombination

A.   small populations.

B.   large populations.

C.   populations out of equilibrium.

D.   medium-sized populations.

A.   changes in gene frequencies that are random with respect to adaptation.

B.   maladaptive changes in gene frequencies.

C.   equilibrium in genetic frequencies.

D.   adaptive changes in gene frequencies.

A.   the exchange of genes between populations

B.   the differential reproductive success of individuals

C.   the production of new genetic material

D.   the chance loss of alleles in a population

A.   All of these forces may disrupt equilibrium.

B.   gene flow

C.   mutation

D.   genetic drift

A.   the appearance of new species

B.   the change in allele frequencies from one generation to the next

C.   the change from one species to another in one generation

D.   any type of genetic mutation

A.   the extinction of a species.

B.   the death of individuals in a group.

C.   the formation of new species.

D.   evolutionary change within a species.

A.   small scale evolutionary changes within a single generation

B.   how the evolution of one species affects the evolution of another species

C.   the relationship between humans and other animals in their ecological niche

D.   large scale evolutionary change such as speciation

A.   sympatric speciation.

B.   migration

C.   extinction

D.   allopatric speciation.

A.   parallel evolution.

B.   adaptive radiation.

C.   homology.

D.   generalization.

A.   they way natural selection favors particular traits suited to a specific ecological niche.

B.   sexual selection between two different species

C.   gene flow among members of the same species.

D.   genetic drift within populations.

A.   gene flow between individuals within the population keeps them similar to each other.

B.   environments change slowly.

C.   natural selection is a powerful process.

D.   new mutations are usually maladaptive.

A.   punctuated equilibrium.

B.   gradualism.

C.   parallel evolution.

D.   microevolution.

A.   one possible explanation of speciation accepted by biologists today.

B.   is not the only pattern of speciation observed in the natural world.

C.   is called the theory of phyletic gradualism.

D.   one possible explanation of speciation accepted by biologists today, is not the only pattern of speciation observed in the natural world and is called the theory of phyletic gradualism.

A.   when there is extensive gene flow within a single species.

B.   males and females don't like each other very much and so prefer not to mate.

C.   because there is over-population and species survival depends on a new species evolving.

D.   when interbreeding between two different species results in less successful hybrid offspring.