A.   individuals within a population vary.

B.   while organisms within a population reproduce rapidly, resources are limited.

C.   individuals with useful adaptations will be more likely to survive and reproduce.

D.   all of these are essential elements of natural selection.

A.   the struggle for existance.

B.   variation in fitness.

C.   the inheritance of variation.

D.   Natural selection is based on all three of these answers.

A.   evolutionary change would proceed in a nonadaptive direction.

B.   traits are not inherited by offspring.

C.   there is no competition.

D.   there are no differences in the traits to be favored and affect survival and reproducation.

A.   cannot be passed from parent to offspring.

B.   almost always occur by chance alone.

C.   allow organisms to evolve more rapidly.

D.   are components of organisms that enable them to survive and reproduce.

A.   averaging selection

B.   directional selection

C.   disruptive selection

D.   stabilizing selection

A.   never changed because of high juvenile mortality

B.   changed because equilibrium existed in the population

C.   never changed because of stasis

D.   changed over time because of environmental change

A.   The Grants found all these things as part of their study.

B.   beak size is inherited so the next generation had a larger average beak size

C.   the survivors of the drought had a larger average beak size

D.   a large number of the birds had died as a result of the drought

A.   polygenic trait

B.   non-genetic trait

C.   dominant trait

D.   mendelian trait

A.   One chromosome from each homologous pair is passed on to gametic cells during meiosis.

B.   Chromosomes come in pairs.

C.   Hereditary material is contained in the chromosomes.

D.   These are all true about choromsomes

A.   allele

B.   genetic drift

C.   gene

D.   mutation

A.   the sex cells or eggs and sperm.

B.   the somatic cells of the body.

C.   were discovered by Darwin.

D.   do not differ between male and female animals.

A.   All of these are ways that genetic variation remains within a population.

B.   New variation is slowly added by mutation.

C.   There is no blending during sexual reproduction.

D.   Mutations can be hidden in the heterozygous genotype.

A.   genetic drift

B.   migration

C.   mutation

D.   natural selection

A.   can be greatly impacted by the environment during an individual's growth and development.

B.   are affected by genes at many loci.

C.   are shaped by many genes, each with only a small effect on the phenotype.

D.   all of these are important in shaping continuously varying traits

A.   mutation

B.   migration

C.   recombination

D.   genetic drift

A.   populations out of equilibrium.

B.   medium-sized populations.

C.   small populations.

D.   large populations.

A.   maladaptive changes in gene frequencies.

B.   changes in gene frequencies that are random with respect to adaptation.

C.   adaptive changes in gene frequencies.

D.   equilibrium in genetic frequencies.

A.   the exchange of genes between populations

B.   the production of new genetic material

C.   the differential reproductive success of individuals

D.   the chance loss of alleles in a population

A.   genetic drift

B.   gene flow

C.   All of these forces may disrupt equilibrium.

D.   mutation

A.   the change from one species to another in one generation

B.   any type of genetic mutation

C.   the appearance of new species

D.   the change in allele frequencies from one generation to the next

A.   the extinction of a species.

B.   the formation of new species.

C.   the death of individuals in a group.

D.   evolutionary change within a species.

A.   small scale evolutionary changes within a single generation

B.   the relationship between humans and other animals in their ecological niche

C.   large scale evolutionary change such as speciation

D.   how the evolution of one species affects the evolution of another species

A.   extinction

B.   allopatric speciation.

C.   sympatric speciation.

D.   migration

A.   parallel evolution.

B.   homology.

C.   generalization.

D.   adaptive radiation.

A.   they way natural selection favors particular traits suited to a specific ecological niche.

B.   genetic drift within populations.

C.   gene flow among members of the same species.

D.   sexual selection between two different species

A.   new mutations are usually maladaptive.

B.   natural selection is a powerful process.

C.   environments change slowly.

D.   gene flow between individuals within the population keeps them similar to each other.

A.   gradualism.

B.   punctuated equilibrium.

C.   parallel evolution.

D.   microevolution.

A.   is not the only pattern of speciation observed in the natural world.

B.   one possible explanation of speciation accepted by biologists today, is not the only pattern of speciation observed in the natural world and is called the theory of phyletic gradualism.

C.   one possible explanation of speciation accepted by biologists today.

D.   is called the theory of phyletic gradualism.

A.   when there is extensive gene flow within a single species.

B.   because there is over-population and species survival depends on a new species evolving.

C.   when interbreeding between two different species results in less successful hybrid offspring.

D.   males and females don't like each other very much and so prefer not to mate.