A.   individuals within a population vary.

B.   individuals with useful adaptations will be more likely to survive and reproduce.

C.   while organisms within a population reproduce rapidly, resources are limited.

D.   all of these are essential elements of natural selection.

A.   the struggle for existance.

B.   Natural selection is based on all three of these answers.

C.   the inheritance of variation.

D.   variation in fitness.

A.   there are no differences in the traits to be favored and affect survival and reproducation.

B.   there is no competition.

C.   traits are not inherited by offspring.

D.   evolutionary change would proceed in a nonadaptive direction.

A.   allow organisms to evolve more rapidly.

B.   are components of organisms that enable them to survive and reproduce.

C.   cannot be passed from parent to offspring.

D.   almost always occur by chance alone.

A.   stabilizing selection

B.   directional selection

C.   disruptive selection

D.   averaging selection

A.   changed because equilibrium existed in the population

B.   never changed because of high juvenile mortality

C.   changed over time because of environmental change

D.   never changed because of stasis

A.   the survivors of the drought had a larger average beak size

B.   The Grants found all these things as part of their study.

C.   a large number of the birds had died as a result of the drought

D.   beak size is inherited so the next generation had a larger average beak size

A.   non-genetic trait

B.   polygenic trait

C.   dominant trait

D.   mendelian trait

A.   One chromosome from each homologous pair is passed on to gametic cells during meiosis.

B.   Hereditary material is contained in the chromosomes.

C.   Chromosomes come in pairs.

D.   These are all true about choromsomes

A.   genetic drift

B.   mutation

C.   gene

D.   allele

A.   the somatic cells of the body.

B.   the sex cells or eggs and sperm.

C.   do not differ between male and female animals.

D.   were discovered by Darwin.

A.   There is no blending during sexual reproduction.

B.   All of these are ways that genetic variation remains within a population.

C.   Mutations can be hidden in the heterozygous genotype.

D.   New variation is slowly added by mutation.

A.   genetic drift

B.   mutation

C.   natural selection

D.   migration

A.   all of these are important in shaping continuously varying traits

B.   are affected by genes at many loci.

C.   are shaped by many genes, each with only a small effect on the phenotype.

D.   can be greatly impacted by the environment during an individual's growth and development.

A.   recombination

B.   migration

C.   genetic drift

D.   mutation

A.   small populations.

B.   populations out of equilibrium.

C.   large populations.

D.   medium-sized populations.

A.   equilibrium in genetic frequencies.

B.   adaptive changes in gene frequencies.

C.   changes in gene frequencies that are random with respect to adaptation.

D.   maladaptive changes in gene frequencies.

A.   the exchange of genes between populations

B.   the chance loss of alleles in a population

C.   the differential reproductive success of individuals

D.   the production of new genetic material

A.   mutation

B.   genetic drift

C.   gene flow

D.   All of these forces may disrupt equilibrium.

A.   the change from one species to another in one generation

B.   the change in allele frequencies from one generation to the next

C.   the appearance of new species

D.   any type of genetic mutation

A.   the death of individuals in a group.

B.   the formation of new species.

C.   the extinction of a species.

D.   evolutionary change within a species.

A.   how the evolution of one species affects the evolution of another species

B.   large scale evolutionary change such as speciation

C.   the relationship between humans and other animals in their ecological niche

D.   small scale evolutionary changes within a single generation

A.   allopatric speciation.

B.   migration

C.   extinction

D.   sympatric speciation.

A.   homology.

B.   adaptive radiation.

C.   parallel evolution.

D.   generalization.

A.   they way natural selection favors particular traits suited to a specific ecological niche.

B.   gene flow among members of the same species.

C.   sexual selection between two different species

D.   genetic drift within populations.

A.   environments change slowly.

B.   gene flow between individuals within the population keeps them similar to each other.

C.   natural selection is a powerful process.

D.   new mutations are usually maladaptive.

A.   parallel evolution.

B.   microevolution.

C.   gradualism.

D.   punctuated equilibrium.

A.   is not the only pattern of speciation observed in the natural world.

B.   is called the theory of phyletic gradualism.

C.   one possible explanation of speciation accepted by biologists today.

D.   one possible explanation of speciation accepted by biologists today, is not the only pattern of speciation observed in the natural world and is called the theory of phyletic gradualism.

A.   because there is over-population and species survival depends on a new species evolving.

B.   when interbreeding between two different species results in less successful hybrid offspring.

C.   males and females don't like each other very much and so prefer not to mate.

D.   when there is extensive gene flow within a single species.