A.   individuals with useful adaptations will be more likely to survive and reproduce.

B.   all of these are essential elements of natural selection.

C.   individuals within a population vary.

D.   while organisms within a population reproduce rapidly, resources are limited.

A.   the inheritance of variation.

B.   the struggle for existance.

C.   Natural selection is based on all three of these answers.

D.   variation in fitness.

A.   traits are not inherited by offspring.

B.   there is no competition.

C.   there are no differences in the traits to be favored and affect survival and reproducation.

D.   evolutionary change would proceed in a nonadaptive direction.

A.   almost always occur by chance alone.

B.   allow organisms to evolve more rapidly.

C.   cannot be passed from parent to offspring.

D.   are components of organisms that enable them to survive and reproduce.

A.   averaging selection

B.   directional selection

C.   disruptive selection

D.   stabilizing selection

A.   changed over time because of environmental change

B.   never changed because of stasis

C.   never changed because of high juvenile mortality

D.   changed because equilibrium existed in the population

A.   the survivors of the drought had a larger average beak size

B.   The Grants found all these things as part of their study.

C.   beak size is inherited so the next generation had a larger average beak size

D.   a large number of the birds had died as a result of the drought

A.   dominant trait

B.   mendelian trait

C.   polygenic trait

D.   non-genetic trait

A.   One chromosome from each homologous pair is passed on to gametic cells during meiosis.

B.   Chromosomes come in pairs.

C.   These are all true about choromsomes

D.   Hereditary material is contained in the chromosomes.

A.   mutation

B.   gene

C.   allele

D.   genetic drift

A.   do not differ between male and female animals.

B.   the sex cells or eggs and sperm.

C.   were discovered by Darwin.

D.   the somatic cells of the body.

A.   There is no blending during sexual reproduction.

B.   Mutations can be hidden in the heterozygous genotype.

C.   All of these are ways that genetic variation remains within a population.

D.   New variation is slowly added by mutation.

A.   genetic drift

B.   migration

C.   natural selection

D.   mutation

A.   can be greatly impacted by the environment during an individual's growth and development.

B.   are shaped by many genes, each with only a small effect on the phenotype.

C.   are affected by genes at many loci.

D.   all of these are important in shaping continuously varying traits

A.   migration

B.   mutation

C.   recombination

D.   genetic drift

A.   small populations.

B.   populations out of equilibrium.

C.   large populations.

D.   medium-sized populations.

A.   adaptive changes in gene frequencies.

B.   maladaptive changes in gene frequencies.

C.   changes in gene frequencies that are random with respect to adaptation.

D.   equilibrium in genetic frequencies.

A.   the exchange of genes between populations

B.   the differential reproductive success of individuals

C.   the production of new genetic material

D.   the chance loss of alleles in a population

A.   genetic drift

B.   All of these forces may disrupt equilibrium.

C.   mutation

D.   gene flow

A.   the appearance of new species

B.   the change in allele frequencies from one generation to the next

C.   the change from one species to another in one generation

D.   any type of genetic mutation

A.   evolutionary change within a species.

B.   the formation of new species.

C.   the death of individuals in a group.

D.   the extinction of a species.

A.   small scale evolutionary changes within a single generation

B.   large scale evolutionary change such as speciation

C.   how the evolution of one species affects the evolution of another species

D.   the relationship between humans and other animals in their ecological niche

A.   sympatric speciation.

B.   migration

C.   extinction

D.   allopatric speciation.

A.   parallel evolution.

B.   homology.

C.   adaptive radiation.

D.   generalization.

A.   they way natural selection favors particular traits suited to a specific ecological niche.

B.   sexual selection between two different species

C.   genetic drift within populations.

D.   gene flow among members of the same species.

A.   new mutations are usually maladaptive.

B.   environments change slowly.

C.   gene flow between individuals within the population keeps them similar to each other.

D.   natural selection is a powerful process.

A.   microevolution.

B.   punctuated equilibrium.

C.   gradualism.

D.   parallel evolution.

A.   is called the theory of phyletic gradualism.

B.   is not the only pattern of speciation observed in the natural world.

C.   one possible explanation of speciation accepted by biologists today.

D.   one possible explanation of speciation accepted by biologists today, is not the only pattern of speciation observed in the natural world and is called the theory of phyletic gradualism.

A.   when there is extensive gene flow within a single species.

B.   when interbreeding between two different species results in less successful hybrid offspring.

C.   males and females don't like each other very much and so prefer not to mate.

D.   because there is over-population and species survival depends on a new species evolving.