Bio 2050 - Anatomy and Physiology » Spring 2021 » Lecture Exam 2
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Question #1
Parathyroid hormone release is triggered by ________ levels of calcium in the blood.
A.
high
B.
low
Question #2
An example of a flat bone would be the
A.
sternum (breast bone).
B.
femur (of thigh).
C.
trapezoid (of wrist).
D.
radius (of forearm).
E.
calcaneus (heel).
Question #3
What is the function of cartilage located in the epiphyseal plates?
A.
Site of bone elongation and growth
B.
Supports soft tissues
C.
Forms articular surface
D.
Provides flexibility for bending
E.
Provides passageway for blood vessels
Question #4
Endochondral ossification begins with a(n) ________ model.
A.
osteoid
B.
hyaline cartilage
C.
mesenchyme
D.
membranous
E.
dense connective tissue
Question #5
Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs?
A.
Articular cartilage
B.
Elastic cartilage
C.
Fibrocartilage
D.
Hyaline cartilage
E.
Reticular cartilage
Question #6
The formation of bone from a cartilaginous model is termed
A.
orthodontia.
B.
mesenchymal ossification.
C.
intramembranous ossification.
D.
endochondral ossification.
E.
bone remodeling.
Question #7
Which type of cell produces new bone tissue by secreting matrix?
A.
Osteoclasts
B.
Osteoblasts
C.
Osteocytes
D.
Osteoprogenitor cells
E.
Bone-lining cells
Question #8
Compact bone
A.
is located deep to spongy bone in the diaphysis.
B.
is composed of tubular units called osteons.
C.
All of the choices are correct.
D.
has a brace-like arrangement of trabeculae.
E.
is avascular.
Question #9
Bone cells called ________ break down bone by secreting hydrochloric acid and enzymes that dissolve the matrix.
A.
osteoclasts
B.
osteoblasts
C.
osteocytes
D.
osteoid cells
E.
osteoprogenitor cells
Question #10
Which hormone inhibits bone growth?
A.
Estrogen and testosterone
B.
Growth hormone
C.
Parathyroid hormone
D.
Thyroid hormone
E.
Calcitonin
Question #11
Which is characteristic of cartilage connective tissue?
A.
Avascular
B.
Matrix of protein fibers
C.
Cells called chondrocytes, Matrix of protein fibers, Avascular and Gel-like ground substance
D.
Gel-like ground substance
E.
Cells called chondrocytes and Avascular
Question #12
What gives bone its flexibility?
A.
Yellow bone marrow
B.
Collagen fibers
C.
Trabeculae
D.
Inorganic salts
E.
Elastic fibers
Question #13
To trigger bone growth, growth hormone stimulates the
A.
brain to produce serotonin.
B.
liver to produce somatomedin.
C.
thyroid to produce calcitriol.
D.
parathyroid to produce parathyroid hormone.
E.
liver to produce calcitonin.
Question #14
High blood calcium and exercise cause calcitonin release to
A.
increase.
B.
decrease.
Question #15
Mechanical stress of bones, such as that caused by weight lifting, is detected by
A.
osteoblasts, which then communicate to osteocytes and osteoclasts to deposit more hydroxyapatite.
B.
chondrocytes, which then trigger osteoblasts to increase bone in a lengthwise fashion.
C.
osteocytes, which then communicate to osteoblasts to increase synthesis of osteoid.
D.
osteoclasts, which then communicate to osteocytes to increase the size of lacunae.
Question #16
Spongy bone
A.
forms diploe in the cranial bones.
B.
has spaces filled with yellow marrow.
C.
contains no osteocytes.
D.
All of the choices are correct.
E.
is composed of tubular units called osteons.
Question #17
Calcidiol circulates in the blood and is converted to calcitriol in the
A.
liver.
B.
bone.
C.
skin.
D.
kidney.
Question #18
In adults, the medullary cavities of most long bones contain red marrow.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #19
Which is false regarding the periosteum?
A.
It includes two layers: outer fibrous and inner cellular.
B.
It is anchored to the bone by collagen fibers.
C.
It is composed of dense regular connective tissue.
D.
It covers the entire bone surface, with the exception of articular areas.
E.
It provides stem cells for bone growth and repair.
Question #20
Severe anemia may trigger an adaptive conversion of
A.
yellow marrow to red marrow.
B.
red marrow to yellow marrow.
C.
bone marrow to spongy bone.
D.
spongy bone to compact bone.
Question #21
Mature cartilage is avascular.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #22
Most of the bones of the upper and lower limbs are formed by intramembranous ossification.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #23
Which is not correct about spongy bone?
A.
It is composed of tubular units called osteons.
B.
Its spaces hold red bone marrow.
C.
It is located deep to compact bone.
D.
It is located in the epiphyses of long bones.
E.
It forms diploe in the cranial bones.
Question #24
Calcitriol stimulates absorption of calcium in the small intestine.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #25
Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for
A.
phosphate, glycogen, and nonpolar amino acids.
B.
calcium, complex carbohydrates, and polar amino acids.
C.
calcium, phosphate, and lipids.
D.
steroids, proteins, and complex carbohydrates.
E.
glycogen, nitrogenous bases, and calcium.
Question #26
Flat bones
A.
have elaborate shapes, and sometimes resemble sesame seeds.
B.
protect underlying soft tissue and may be slightly curved.
C.
have a diaphysis and an epiphysis.
D.
include the bones of the wrist that glide across each other.
E.
are, by definition, not at all curved.
Question #27
What are the matrix rings of compact bone that surround the central canal of each osteon?
A.
Canaliculi
B.
Circumferential lamellae
C.
Perforating canals
D.
Interstitial lamellae
E.
Concentric lamellae
Question #28
Which is not a function of bone?
A.
Hemopoiesis
B.
Hormone synthesis
C.
Protection
D.
Body movement
E.
Mineral storage
Question #29
Where does hemopoiesis occur?
A.
Endosteum
B.
Yellow bone marrow
C.
Nutrient foramina
D.
Epiphyseal line
E.
Red bone marrow
Question #30
If a clinician were looking to harvest bone marrow that made blood cells, which bone of a donor would be sampled?
A.
Phalanges
B.
Distal humerus
C.
Distal head of femur
D.
Os coxa
Question #31
Which is false regarding ligaments?
A.
Extracapsular ligaments are outside the articular capsule.
B.
Intracapsular ligaments are within the articular capsule.
C.
Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage.
D.
Extrinsic ligaments are physically separate from the articular capsule.
E.
Ligaments are composed of dense regular connective tissue.
Question #32
Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called
A.
fat pads.
B.
menisci.
C.
articular discs.
D.
bursae.
E.
diarthroses.
Question #33
The interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna is an example of a
A.
synchondrosis.
B.
synarthrosis.
C.
synostosis.
D.
syndesmosis.
E.
suture.
Question #34
The term "diarthrosis" refers to a joint that is
A.
fused.
B.
slightly mobile.
C.
immobile.
D.
dislocated.
E.
freely mobile.
Question #35
If you move your head in such a way to look up at the ceiling, you are ________ your neck.
A.
circumducting
B.
hyperextending
C.
rotating
D.
elevating
E.
flexing
Question #36
Rotation of the forearm so as to direct the palm anteriorly (as in anatomic position) is called
A.
pronation.
B.
eversion.
C.
protraction.
D.
abduction.
E.
supination.
Question #37
A.
Ball and socket
B.
Pivot
C.
Plane
D.
Condylar
E.
Saddle
Question #38
Which is not a cartilaginous joint?
A.
First sternocostal joint
B.
First costochondral joint
C.
Second sternocostal joint
D.
Intervertebral joint
E.
Second costochondral joint
Question #39
In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by
A.
articular cartilage.
B.
areolar connective tissue.
C.
dense regular connective tissue.
D.
dense irregular connective tissue.
E.
fibrocartilage.
Question #40
If you were to reach out your hand to receive a set of keys from someone, what movements of your forearm and hand would be involved?
A.
Depression and flexion
B.
Protraction and rotation
C.
Supination and extension
D.
Eversion and abduction
E.
Pronation and adduction
Question #41
The connection between a tooth and jaw bone is an example of a joint.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #42
The elbow is a ________ joint.
A.
saddle
B.
plane
C.
condyle
D.
hinge
Question #43
Gliding is an example of an angular motion.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #44
When the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is
A.
flexion.
B.
extension.
C.
rotation.
D.
abduction.
E.
adduction.
Question #45
Clenching the fingers to make a fist, then relaxing and straightening them, is an example of ________ followed by ________.
A.
extension; flexion
B.
flexion; extension
C.
extension; hyperextension
D.
abduction; adduction
E.
adduction; abduction
Question #46
A.
dislocation.
B.
hypertrophy.
C.
hyperextension.
D.
supination.
E.
hyperflexion.
Question #47
A movement that increases or decreases the angle between two bones is a(n) ________ motion.
A.
eversion
B.
sliding
C.
rotational
D.
angular
Question #48
Based on its range of motion, the elbow is classified as a(n) ________ joint.
A.
biaxial
B.
uniaxial
C.
gliding
D.
ellipsoid
E.
multiaxial
Question #49
Which is not correct regarding articulations?
A.
Arthrology is the scientific study of articulations.
B.
All articulations contain some type of cartilage.
C.
There are three structural categories of articulations.
D.
Articulations can range in motion from freely mobile to immobile.
E.
An articulation is a joint between a bone and another bone, cartilage, or tooth.
Question #50
When elevating the mandible to chew food, the temporomandibular joint functions as a ________ joint.
A.
hinge
B.
pivot
C.
saddle
D.
ball and socket
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