Bio 2050 - Anatomy and Physiology » Spring 2021 » Lecture Exam 2
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Question #1
Parathyroid hormone release is triggered by ________ levels of calcium in the blood.
A.
low
B.
high
Question #2
An example of a flat bone would be the
A.
trapezoid (of wrist).
B.
calcaneus (heel).
C.
sternum (breast bone).
D.
femur (of thigh).
E.
radius (of forearm).
Question #3
What is the function of cartilage located in the epiphyseal plates?
A.
Site of bone elongation and growth
B.
Provides flexibility for bending
C.
Supports soft tissues
D.
Provides passageway for blood vessels
E.
Forms articular surface
Question #4
Endochondral ossification begins with a(n) ________ model.
A.
mesenchyme
B.
dense connective tissue
C.
osteoid
D.
membranous
E.
hyaline cartilage
Question #5
Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs?
A.
Fibrocartilage
B.
Elastic cartilage
C.
Articular cartilage
D.
Reticular cartilage
E.
Hyaline cartilage
Question #6
The formation of bone from a cartilaginous model is termed
A.
endochondral ossification.
B.
bone remodeling.
C.
orthodontia.
D.
mesenchymal ossification.
E.
intramembranous ossification.
Question #7
Which type of cell produces new bone tissue by secreting matrix?
A.
Osteoprogenitor cells
B.
Osteoclasts
C.
Bone-lining cells
D.
Osteoblasts
E.
Osteocytes
Question #8
Compact bone
A.
is located deep to spongy bone in the diaphysis.
B.
is composed of tubular units called osteons.
C.
has a brace-like arrangement of trabeculae.
D.
is avascular.
E.
All of the choices are correct.
Question #9
Bone cells called ________ break down bone by secreting hydrochloric acid and enzymes that dissolve the matrix.
A.
osteoblasts
B.
osteoid cells
C.
osteoclasts
D.
osteoprogenitor cells
E.
osteocytes
Question #10
Which hormone inhibits bone growth?
A.
Growth hormone
B.
Estrogen and testosterone
C.
Calcitonin
D.
Thyroid hormone
E.
Parathyroid hormone
Question #11
Which is characteristic of cartilage connective tissue?
A.
Cells called chondrocytes and Avascular
B.
Cells called chondrocytes, Matrix of protein fibers, Avascular and Gel-like ground substance
C.
Gel-like ground substance
D.
Avascular
E.
Matrix of protein fibers
Question #12
What gives bone its flexibility?
A.
Collagen fibers
B.
Inorganic salts
C.
Trabeculae
D.
Elastic fibers
E.
Yellow bone marrow
Question #13
To trigger bone growth, growth hormone stimulates the
A.
liver to produce calcitonin.
B.
thyroid to produce calcitriol.
C.
brain to produce serotonin.
D.
parathyroid to produce parathyroid hormone.
E.
liver to produce somatomedin.
Question #14
High blood calcium and exercise cause calcitonin release to
A.
increase.
B.
decrease.
Question #15
Mechanical stress of bones, such as that caused by weight lifting, is detected by
A.
osteocytes, which then communicate to osteoblasts to increase synthesis of osteoid.
B.
osteoclasts, which then communicate to osteocytes to increase the size of lacunae.
C.
osteoblasts, which then communicate to osteocytes and osteoclasts to deposit more hydroxyapatite.
D.
chondrocytes, which then trigger osteoblasts to increase bone in a lengthwise fashion.
Question #16
Spongy bone
A.
has spaces filled with yellow marrow.
B.
All of the choices are correct.
C.
is composed of tubular units called osteons.
D.
contains no osteocytes.
E.
forms diploe in the cranial bones.
Question #17
Calcidiol circulates in the blood and is converted to calcitriol in the
A.
bone.
B.
liver.
C.
skin.
D.
kidney.
Question #18
In adults, the medullary cavities of most long bones contain red marrow.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #19
Which is false regarding the periosteum?
A.
It provides stem cells for bone growth and repair.
B.
It is anchored to the bone by collagen fibers.
C.
It includes two layers: outer fibrous and inner cellular.
D.
It covers the entire bone surface, with the exception of articular areas.
E.
It is composed of dense regular connective tissue.
Question #20
Severe anemia may trigger an adaptive conversion of
A.
yellow marrow to red marrow.
B.
bone marrow to spongy bone.
C.
spongy bone to compact bone.
D.
red marrow to yellow marrow.
Question #21
Mature cartilage is avascular.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #22
Most of the bones of the upper and lower limbs are formed by intramembranous ossification.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #23
Which is not correct about spongy bone?
A.
Its spaces hold red bone marrow.
B.
It is composed of tubular units called osteons.
C.
It is located in the epiphyses of long bones.
D.
It is located deep to compact bone.
E.
It forms diploe in the cranial bones.
Question #24
Calcitriol stimulates absorption of calcium in the small intestine.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #25
Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for
A.
glycogen, nitrogenous bases, and calcium.
B.
calcium, complex carbohydrates, and polar amino acids.
C.
calcium, phosphate, and lipids.
D.
phosphate, glycogen, and nonpolar amino acids.
E.
steroids, proteins, and complex carbohydrates.
Question #26
Flat bones
A.
include the bones of the wrist that glide across each other.
B.
have elaborate shapes, and sometimes resemble sesame seeds.
C.
are, by definition, not at all curved.
D.
protect underlying soft tissue and may be slightly curved.
E.
have a diaphysis and an epiphysis.
Question #27
What are the matrix rings of compact bone that surround the central canal of each osteon?
A.
Concentric lamellae
B.
Canaliculi
C.
Interstitial lamellae
D.
Perforating canals
E.
Circumferential lamellae
Question #28
Which is not a function of bone?
A.
Protection
B.
Body movement
C.
Mineral storage
D.
Hormone synthesis
E.
Hemopoiesis
Question #29
Where does hemopoiesis occur?
A.
Endosteum
B.
Yellow bone marrow
C.
Epiphyseal line
D.
Nutrient foramina
E.
Red bone marrow
Question #30
If a clinician were looking to harvest bone marrow that made blood cells, which bone of a donor would be sampled?
A.
Os coxa
B.
Distal head of femur
C.
Distal humerus
D.
Phalanges
Question #31
Which is false regarding ligaments?
A.
Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage.
B.
Extracapsular ligaments are outside the articular capsule.
C.
Ligaments are composed of dense regular connective tissue.
D.
Extrinsic ligaments are physically separate from the articular capsule.
E.
Intracapsular ligaments are within the articular capsule.
Question #32
Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called
A.
articular discs.
B.
fat pads.
C.
menisci.
D.
diarthroses.
E.
bursae.
Question #33
The interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna is an example of a
A.
synostosis.
B.
syndesmosis.
C.
synarthrosis.
D.
synchondrosis.
E.
suture.
Question #34
The term "diarthrosis" refers to a joint that is
A.
dislocated.
B.
slightly mobile.
C.
fused.
D.
freely mobile.
E.
immobile.
Question #35
If you move your head in such a way to look up at the ceiling, you are ________ your neck.
A.
flexing
B.
elevating
C.
circumducting
D.
rotating
E.
hyperextending
Question #36
Rotation of the forearm so as to direct the palm anteriorly (as in anatomic position) is called
A.
eversion.
B.
pronation.
C.
protraction.
D.
abduction.
E.
supination.
Question #37
A.
Saddle
B.
Plane
C.
Ball and socket
D.
Condylar
E.
Pivot
Question #38
Which is not a cartilaginous joint?
A.
Second costochondral joint
B.
Second sternocostal joint
C.
First costochondral joint
D.
Intervertebral joint
E.
First sternocostal joint
Question #39
In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by
A.
areolar connective tissue.
B.
fibrocartilage.
C.
dense regular connective tissue.
D.
dense irregular connective tissue.
E.
articular cartilage.
Question #40
If you were to reach out your hand to receive a set of keys from someone, what movements of your forearm and hand would be involved?
A.
Eversion and abduction
B.
Protraction and rotation
C.
Depression and flexion
D.
Pronation and adduction
E.
Supination and extension
Question #41
The connection between a tooth and jaw bone is an example of a joint.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #42
The elbow is a ________ joint.
A.
saddle
B.
hinge
C.
condyle
D.
plane
Question #43
Gliding is an example of an angular motion.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #44
When the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is
A.
extension.
B.
flexion.
C.
adduction.
D.
abduction.
E.
rotation.
Question #45
Clenching the fingers to make a fist, then relaxing and straightening them, is an example of ________ followed by ________.
A.
extension; hyperextension
B.
abduction; adduction
C.
extension; flexion
D.
adduction; abduction
E.
flexion; extension
Question #46
When the angle between articulating bones increases beyond the anatomic position, the movement is referred to as
A.
supination.
B.
hyperflexion.
C.
hyperextension.
D.
dislocation.
E.
hypertrophy.
Question #47
A movement that increases or decreases the angle between two bones is a(n) ________ motion.
A.
sliding
B.
eversion
C.
rotational
D.
angular
Question #48
Based on its range of motion, the elbow is classified as a(n) ________ joint.
A.
gliding
B.
ellipsoid
C.
multiaxial
D.
uniaxial
E.
biaxial
Question #49
Which is not correct regarding articulations?
A.
An articulation is a joint between a bone and another bone, cartilage, or tooth.
B.
There are three structural categories of articulations.
C.
All articulations contain some type of cartilage.
D.
Articulations can range in motion from freely mobile to immobile.
E.
Arthrology is the scientific study of articulations.
Question #50
When elevating the mandible to chew food, the temporomandibular joint functions as a ________ joint.
A.
hinge
B.
saddle
C.
pivot
D.
ball and socket
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