Bio 2050 - Anatomy and Physiology » Spring 2021 » Lecture Exam 2
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Question #1
Parathyroid hormone release is triggered by ________ levels of calcium in the blood.
A.
high
B.
low
Question #2
An example of a flat bone would be the
A.
trapezoid (of wrist).
B.
radius (of forearm).
C.
femur (of thigh).
D.
calcaneus (heel).
E.
sternum (breast bone).
Question #3
What is the function of cartilage located in the epiphyseal plates?
A.
Forms articular surface
B.
Provides passageway for blood vessels
C.
Provides flexibility for bending
D.
Site of bone elongation and growth
E.
Supports soft tissues
Question #4
Endochondral ossification begins with a(n) ________ model.
A.
mesenchyme
B.
hyaline cartilage
C.
osteoid
D.
dense connective tissue
E.
membranous
Question #5
Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs?
A.
Elastic cartilage
B.
Hyaline cartilage
C.
Fibrocartilage
D.
Articular cartilage
E.
Reticular cartilage
Question #6
The formation of bone from a cartilaginous model is termed
A.
orthodontia.
B.
endochondral ossification.
C.
bone remodeling.
D.
mesenchymal ossification.
E.
intramembranous ossification.
Question #7
Which type of cell produces new bone tissue by secreting matrix?
A.
Bone-lining cells
B.
Osteoblasts
C.
Osteoclasts
D.
Osteoprogenitor cells
E.
Osteocytes
Question #8
Compact bone
A.
is composed of tubular units called osteons.
B.
is avascular.
C.
has a brace-like arrangement of trabeculae.
D.
is located deep to spongy bone in the diaphysis.
E.
All of the choices are correct.
Question #9
Bone cells called ________ break down bone by secreting hydrochloric acid and enzymes that dissolve the matrix.
A.
osteoblasts
B.
osteoid cells
C.
osteoclasts
D.
osteoprogenitor cells
E.
osteocytes
Question #10
Which hormone inhibits bone growth?
A.
Parathyroid hormone
B.
Estrogen and testosterone
C.
Calcitonin
D.
Thyroid hormone
E.
Growth hormone
Question #11
Which is characteristic of cartilage connective tissue?
A.
Cells called chondrocytes and Avascular
B.
Cells called chondrocytes, Matrix of protein fibers, Avascular and Gel-like ground substance
C.
Matrix of protein fibers
D.
Gel-like ground substance
E.
Avascular
Question #12
What gives bone its flexibility?
A.
Yellow bone marrow
B.
Trabeculae
C.
Collagen fibers
D.
Inorganic salts
E.
Elastic fibers
Question #13
To trigger bone growth, growth hormone stimulates the
A.
thyroid to produce calcitriol.
B.
liver to produce calcitonin.
C.
parathyroid to produce parathyroid hormone.
D.
liver to produce somatomedin.
E.
brain to produce serotonin.
Question #14
High blood calcium and exercise cause calcitonin release to
A.
decrease.
B.
increase.
Question #15
Mechanical stress of bones, such as that caused by weight lifting, is detected by
A.
osteoclasts, which then communicate to osteocytes to increase the size of lacunae.
B.
osteoblasts, which then communicate to osteocytes and osteoclasts to deposit more hydroxyapatite.
C.
osteocytes, which then communicate to osteoblasts to increase synthesis of osteoid.
D.
chondrocytes, which then trigger osteoblasts to increase bone in a lengthwise fashion.
Question #16
Spongy bone
A.
forms diploe in the cranial bones.
B.
contains no osteocytes.
C.
is composed of tubular units called osteons.
D.
has spaces filled with yellow marrow.
E.
All of the choices are correct.
Question #17
Calcidiol circulates in the blood and is converted to calcitriol in the
A.
skin.
B.
bone.
C.
liver.
D.
kidney.
Question #18
In adults, the medullary cavities of most long bones contain red marrow.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #19
Which is false regarding the periosteum?
A.
It includes two layers: outer fibrous and inner cellular.
B.
It is anchored to the bone by collagen fibers.
C.
It provides stem cells for bone growth and repair.
D.
It is composed of dense regular connective tissue.
E.
It covers the entire bone surface, with the exception of articular areas.
Question #20
Severe anemia may trigger an adaptive conversion of
A.
spongy bone to compact bone.
B.
bone marrow to spongy bone.
C.
yellow marrow to red marrow.
D.
red marrow to yellow marrow.
Question #21
Mature cartilage is avascular.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #22
Most of the bones of the upper and lower limbs are formed by intramembranous ossification.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #23
Which is not correct about spongy bone?
A.
It is located in the epiphyses of long bones.
B.
It forms diploe in the cranial bones.
C.
It is located deep to compact bone.
D.
It is composed of tubular units called osteons.
E.
Its spaces hold red bone marrow.
Question #24
Calcitriol stimulates absorption of calcium in the small intestine.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #25
Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for
A.
calcium, phosphate, and lipids.
B.
glycogen, nitrogenous bases, and calcium.
C.
calcium, complex carbohydrates, and polar amino acids.
D.
steroids, proteins, and complex carbohydrates.
E.
phosphate, glycogen, and nonpolar amino acids.
Question #26
Flat bones
A.
are, by definition, not at all curved.
B.
have a diaphysis and an epiphysis.
C.
have elaborate shapes, and sometimes resemble sesame seeds.
D.
include the bones of the wrist that glide across each other.
E.
protect underlying soft tissue and may be slightly curved.
Question #27
What are the matrix rings of compact bone that surround the central canal of each osteon?
A.
Concentric lamellae
B.
Canaliculi
C.
Perforating canals
D.
Interstitial lamellae
E.
Circumferential lamellae
Question #28
Which is not a function of bone?
A.
Hemopoiesis
B.
Protection
C.
Mineral storage
D.
Body movement
E.
Hormone synthesis
Question #29
Where does hemopoiesis occur?
A.
Epiphyseal line
B.
Red bone marrow
C.
Nutrient foramina
D.
Yellow bone marrow
E.
Endosteum
Question #30
If a clinician were looking to harvest bone marrow that made blood cells, which bone of a donor would be sampled?
A.
Distal humerus
B.
Phalanges
C.
Distal head of femur
D.
Os coxa
Question #31
Which is false regarding ligaments?
A.
Extracapsular ligaments are outside the articular capsule.
B.
Ligaments are composed of dense regular connective tissue.
C.
Extrinsic ligaments are physically separate from the articular capsule.
D.
Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage.
E.
Intracapsular ligaments are within the articular capsule.
Question #32
Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called
A.
diarthroses.
B.
fat pads.
C.
bursae.
D.
menisci.
E.
articular discs.
Question #33
The interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna is an example of a
A.
synchondrosis.
B.
synostosis.
C.
synarthrosis.
D.
suture.
E.
syndesmosis.
Question #34
The term "diarthrosis" refers to a joint that is
A.
slightly mobile.
B.
dislocated.
C.
freely mobile.
D.
fused.
E.
immobile.
Question #35
If you move your head in such a way to look up at the ceiling, you are ________ your neck.
A.
flexing
B.
elevating
C.
circumducting
D.
rotating
E.
hyperextending
Question #36
Rotation of the forearm so as to direct the palm anteriorly (as in anatomic position) is called
A.
supination.
B.
protraction.
C.
eversion.
D.
abduction.
E.
pronation.
Question #37
Which of these synovial joints does not have at least one rounded or convex surface?
A.
Plane
B.
Ball and socket
C.
Saddle
D.
Pivot
E.
Condylar
Question #38
Which is not a cartilaginous joint?
A.
Second costochondral joint
B.
First sternocostal joint
C.
First costochondral joint
D.
Second sternocostal joint
E.
Intervertebral joint
Question #39
In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by
A.
fibrocartilage.
B.
areolar connective tissue.
C.
dense irregular connective tissue.
D.
dense regular connective tissue.
E.
articular cartilage.
Question #40
If you were to reach out your hand to receive a set of keys from someone, what movements of your forearm and hand would be involved?
A.
Depression and flexion
B.
Protraction and rotation
C.
Eversion and abduction
D.
Pronation and adduction
E.
Supination and extension
Question #41
The connection between a tooth and jaw bone is an example of a joint.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #42
The elbow is a ________ joint.
A.
condyle
B.
hinge
C.
saddle
D.
plane
Question #43
Gliding is an example of an angular motion.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #44
When the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is
A.
extension.
B.
abduction.
C.
adduction.
D.
flexion.
E.
rotation.
Question #45
Clenching the fingers to make a fist, then relaxing and straightening them, is an example of ________ followed by ________.
A.
extension; hyperextension
B.
extension; flexion
C.
abduction; adduction
D.
adduction; abduction
E.
flexion; extension
Question #46
A.
hypertrophy.
B.
hyperextension.
C.
dislocation.
D.
hyperflexion.
E.
supination.
Question #47
A movement that increases or decreases the angle between two bones is a(n) ________ motion.
A.
rotational
B.
angular
C.
eversion
D.
sliding
Question #48
Based on its range of motion, the elbow is classified as a(n) ________ joint.
A.
biaxial
B.
ellipsoid
C.
gliding
D.
uniaxial
E.
multiaxial
Question #49
Which is not correct regarding articulations?
A.
There are three structural categories of articulations.
B.
Arthrology is the scientific study of articulations.
C.
Articulations can range in motion from freely mobile to immobile.
D.
All articulations contain some type of cartilage.
E.
An articulation is a joint between a bone and another bone, cartilage, or tooth.
Question #50
When elevating the mandible to chew food, the temporomandibular joint functions as a ________ joint.
A.
hinge
B.
saddle
C.
ball and socket
D.
pivot
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