Bio 2050 - Anatomy and Physiology » Spring 2021 » Lecture Exam 2
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Question #1
Parathyroid hormone release is triggered by ________ levels of calcium in the blood.
A.
low
B.
high
Question #2
An example of a flat bone would be the
A.
trapezoid (of wrist).
B.
femur (of thigh).
C.
sternum (breast bone).
D.
calcaneus (heel).
E.
radius (of forearm).
Question #3
What is the function of cartilage located in the epiphyseal plates?
A.
Site of bone elongation and growth
B.
Supports soft tissues
C.
Provides passageway for blood vessels
D.
Provides flexibility for bending
E.
Forms articular surface
Question #4
Endochondral ossification begins with a(n) ________ model.
A.
hyaline cartilage
B.
mesenchyme
C.
membranous
D.
osteoid
E.
dense connective tissue
Question #5
Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs?
A.
Fibrocartilage
B.
Reticular cartilage
C.
Articular cartilage
D.
Hyaline cartilage
E.
Elastic cartilage
Question #6
The formation of bone from a cartilaginous model is termed
A.
mesenchymal ossification.
B.
orthodontia.
C.
intramembranous ossification.
D.
endochondral ossification.
E.
bone remodeling.
Question #7
Which type of cell produces new bone tissue by secreting matrix?
A.
Osteocytes
B.
Osteoblasts
C.
Osteoclasts
D.
Osteoprogenitor cells
E.
Bone-lining cells
Question #8
Compact bone
A.
is avascular.
B.
All of the choices are correct.
C.
is located deep to spongy bone in the diaphysis.
D.
has a brace-like arrangement of trabeculae.
E.
is composed of tubular units called osteons.
Question #9
Bone cells called ________ break down bone by secreting hydrochloric acid and enzymes that dissolve the matrix.
A.
osteoprogenitor cells
B.
osteoid cells
C.
osteocytes
D.
osteoblasts
E.
osteoclasts
Question #10
Which hormone inhibits bone growth?
A.
Estrogen and testosterone
B.
Calcitonin
C.
Thyroid hormone
D.
Growth hormone
E.
Parathyroid hormone
Question #11
Which is characteristic of cartilage connective tissue?
A.
Matrix of protein fibers
B.
Cells called chondrocytes, Matrix of protein fibers, Avascular and Gel-like ground substance
C.
Gel-like ground substance
D.
Avascular
E.
Cells called chondrocytes and Avascular
Question #12
What gives bone its flexibility?
A.
Collagen fibers
B.
Yellow bone marrow
C.
Inorganic salts
D.
Elastic fibers
E.
Trabeculae
Question #13
To trigger bone growth, growth hormone stimulates the
A.
parathyroid to produce parathyroid hormone.
B.
thyroid to produce calcitriol.
C.
brain to produce serotonin.
D.
liver to produce somatomedin.
E.
liver to produce calcitonin.
Question #14
High blood calcium and exercise cause calcitonin release to
A.
increase.
B.
decrease.
Question #15
Mechanical stress of bones, such as that caused by weight lifting, is detected by
A.
osteoblasts, which then communicate to osteocytes and osteoclasts to deposit more hydroxyapatite.
B.
osteoclasts, which then communicate to osteocytes to increase the size of lacunae.
C.
osteocytes, which then communicate to osteoblasts to increase synthesis of osteoid.
D.
chondrocytes, which then trigger osteoblasts to increase bone in a lengthwise fashion.
Question #16
Spongy bone
A.
is composed of tubular units called osteons.
B.
All of the choices are correct.
C.
contains no osteocytes.
D.
has spaces filled with yellow marrow.
E.
forms diploe in the cranial bones.
Question #17
Calcidiol circulates in the blood and is converted to calcitriol in the
A.
bone.
B.
skin.
C.
kidney.
D.
liver.
Question #18
In adults, the medullary cavities of most long bones contain red marrow.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #19
Which is false regarding the periosteum?
A.
It includes two layers: outer fibrous and inner cellular.
B.
It covers the entire bone surface, with the exception of articular areas.
C.
It provides stem cells for bone growth and repair.
D.
It is anchored to the bone by collagen fibers.
E.
It is composed of dense regular connective tissue.
Question #20
Severe anemia may trigger an adaptive conversion of
A.
spongy bone to compact bone.
B.
yellow marrow to red marrow.
C.
red marrow to yellow marrow.
D.
bone marrow to spongy bone.
Question #21
Mature cartilage is avascular.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #22
Most of the bones of the upper and lower limbs are formed by intramembranous ossification.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #23
Which is not correct about spongy bone?
A.
Its spaces hold red bone marrow.
B.
It is located deep to compact bone.
C.
It is located in the epiphyses of long bones.
D.
It forms diploe in the cranial bones.
E.
It is composed of tubular units called osteons.
Question #24
Calcitriol stimulates absorption of calcium in the small intestine.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #25
Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for
A.
calcium, complex carbohydrates, and polar amino acids.
B.
steroids, proteins, and complex carbohydrates.
C.
phosphate, glycogen, and nonpolar amino acids.
D.
calcium, phosphate, and lipids.
E.
glycogen, nitrogenous bases, and calcium.
Question #26
Flat bones
A.
include the bones of the wrist that glide across each other.
B.
have elaborate shapes, and sometimes resemble sesame seeds.
C.
are, by definition, not at all curved.
D.
protect underlying soft tissue and may be slightly curved.
E.
have a diaphysis and an epiphysis.
Question #27
What are the matrix rings of compact bone that surround the central canal of each osteon?
A.
Canaliculi
B.
Perforating canals
C.
Interstitial lamellae
D.
Circumferential lamellae
E.
Concentric lamellae
Question #28
Which is not a function of bone?
A.
Hemopoiesis
B.
Hormone synthesis
C.
Protection
D.
Body movement
E.
Mineral storage
Question #29
Where does hemopoiesis occur?
A.
Epiphyseal line
B.
Endosteum
C.
Red bone marrow
D.
Nutrient foramina
E.
Yellow bone marrow
Question #30
If a clinician were looking to harvest bone marrow that made blood cells, which bone of a donor would be sampled?
A.
Phalanges
B.
Distal humerus
C.
Os coxa
D.
Distal head of femur
Question #31
Which is false regarding ligaments?
A.
Ligaments are composed of dense regular connective tissue.
B.
Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage.
C.
Extracapsular ligaments are outside the articular capsule.
D.
Intracapsular ligaments are within the articular capsule.
E.
Extrinsic ligaments are physically separate from the articular capsule.
Question #32
Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called
A.
menisci.
B.
diarthroses.
C.
articular discs.
D.
bursae.
E.
fat pads.
Question #33
The interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna is an example of a
A.
synchondrosis.
B.
synarthrosis.
C.
syndesmosis.
D.
suture.
E.
synostosis.
Question #34
The term "diarthrosis" refers to a joint that is
A.
dislocated.
B.
freely mobile.
C.
fused.
D.
slightly mobile.
E.
immobile.
Question #35
If you move your head in such a way to look up at the ceiling, you are ________ your neck.
A.
rotating
B.
flexing
C.
circumducting
D.
elevating
E.
hyperextending
Question #36
Rotation of the forearm so as to direct the palm anteriorly (as in anatomic position) is called
A.
supination.
B.
pronation.
C.
abduction.
D.
eversion.
E.
protraction.
Question #37
Which of these synovial joints does not have at least one rounded or convex surface?
A.
Pivot
B.
Saddle
C.
Ball and socket
D.
Plane
E.
Condylar
Question #38
Which is not a cartilaginous joint?
A.
Second sternocostal joint
B.
First costochondral joint
C.
First sternocostal joint
D.
Intervertebral joint
E.
Second costochondral joint
Question #39
In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by
A.
dense irregular connective tissue.
B.
articular cartilage.
C.
areolar connective tissue.
D.
fibrocartilage.
E.
dense regular connective tissue.
Question #40
If you were to reach out your hand to receive a set of keys from someone, what movements of your forearm and hand would be involved?
A.
Protraction and rotation
B.
Pronation and adduction
C.
Supination and extension
D.
Depression and flexion
E.
Eversion and abduction
Question #41
The connection between a tooth and jaw bone is an example of a joint.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #42
The elbow is a ________ joint.
A.
saddle
B.
plane
C.
hinge
D.
condyle
Question #43
Gliding is an example of an angular motion.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #44
When the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is
A.
abduction.
B.
extension.
C.
flexion.
D.
adduction.
E.
rotation.
Question #45
Clenching the fingers to make a fist, then relaxing and straightening them, is an example of ________ followed by ________.
A.
adduction; abduction
B.
abduction; adduction
C.
flexion; extension
D.
extension; hyperextension
E.
extension; flexion
Question #46
When the angle between articulating bones increases beyond the anatomic position, the movement is referred to as
A.
hypertrophy.
B.
supination.
C.
hyperextension.
D.
dislocation.
E.
hyperflexion.
Question #47
A movement that increases or decreases the angle between two bones is a(n) ________ motion.
A.
angular
B.
sliding
C.
eversion
D.
rotational
Question #48
Based on its range of motion, the elbow is classified as a(n) ________ joint.
A.
uniaxial
B.
multiaxial
C.
gliding
D.
ellipsoid
E.
biaxial
Question #49
Which is not correct regarding articulations?
A.
Arthrology is the scientific study of articulations.
B.
Articulations can range in motion from freely mobile to immobile.
C.
There are three structural categories of articulations.
D.
An articulation is a joint between a bone and another bone, cartilage, or tooth.
E.
All articulations contain some type of cartilage.
Question #50
When elevating the mandible to chew food, the temporomandibular joint functions as a ________ joint.
A.
saddle
B.
ball and socket
C.
pivot
D.
hinge
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