Bio 2050 - Anatomy and Physiology » Spring 2021 » Lecture Exam 2
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Question #1
Parathyroid hormone release is triggered by ________ levels of calcium in the blood.
A.
low
B.
high
Question #2
An example of a flat bone would be the
A.
trapezoid (of wrist).
B.
femur (of thigh).
C.
radius (of forearm).
D.
sternum (breast bone).
E.
calcaneus (heel).
Question #3
What is the function of cartilage located in the epiphyseal plates?
A.
Site of bone elongation and growth
B.
Provides flexibility for bending
C.
Supports soft tissues
D.
Forms articular surface
E.
Provides passageway for blood vessels
Question #4
Endochondral ossification begins with a(n) ________ model.
A.
hyaline cartilage
B.
mesenchyme
C.
dense connective tissue
D.
osteoid
E.
membranous
Question #5
Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs?
A.
Hyaline cartilage
B.
Fibrocartilage
C.
Elastic cartilage
D.
Reticular cartilage
E.
Articular cartilage
Question #6
The formation of bone from a cartilaginous model is termed
A.
orthodontia.
B.
bone remodeling.
C.
endochondral ossification.
D.
mesenchymal ossification.
E.
intramembranous ossification.
Question #7
Which type of cell produces new bone tissue by secreting matrix?
A.
Osteoprogenitor cells
B.
Osteoclasts
C.
Osteocytes
D.
Bone-lining cells
E.
Osteoblasts
Question #8
Compact bone
A.
is located deep to spongy bone in the diaphysis.
B.
All of the choices are correct.
C.
has a brace-like arrangement of trabeculae.
D.
is avascular.
E.
is composed of tubular units called osteons.
Question #9
Bone cells called ________ break down bone by secreting hydrochloric acid and enzymes that dissolve the matrix.
A.
osteoblasts
B.
osteocytes
C.
osteoprogenitor cells
D.
osteoclasts
E.
osteoid cells
Question #10
Which hormone inhibits bone growth?
A.
Estrogen and testosterone
B.
Calcitonin
C.
Parathyroid hormone
D.
Thyroid hormone
E.
Growth hormone
Question #11
Which is characteristic of cartilage connective tissue?
A.
Gel-like ground substance
B.
Avascular
C.
Cells called chondrocytes and Avascular
D.
Cells called chondrocytes, Matrix of protein fibers, Avascular and Gel-like ground substance
E.
Matrix of protein fibers
Question #12
What gives bone its flexibility?
A.
Trabeculae
B.
Yellow bone marrow
C.
Elastic fibers
D.
Collagen fibers
E.
Inorganic salts
Question #13
To trigger bone growth, growth hormone stimulates the
A.
liver to produce calcitonin.
B.
brain to produce serotonin.
C.
thyroid to produce calcitriol.
D.
parathyroid to produce parathyroid hormone.
E.
liver to produce somatomedin.
Question #14
High blood calcium and exercise cause calcitonin release to
A.
increase.
B.
decrease.
Question #15
Mechanical stress of bones, such as that caused by weight lifting, is detected by
A.
osteoclasts, which then communicate to osteocytes to increase the size of lacunae.
B.
osteoblasts, which then communicate to osteocytes and osteoclasts to deposit more hydroxyapatite.
C.
osteocytes, which then communicate to osteoblasts to increase synthesis of osteoid.
D.
chondrocytes, which then trigger osteoblasts to increase bone in a lengthwise fashion.
Question #16
Spongy bone
A.
contains no osteocytes.
B.
is composed of tubular units called osteons.
C.
forms diploe in the cranial bones.
D.
has spaces filled with yellow marrow.
E.
All of the choices are correct.
Question #17
Calcidiol circulates in the blood and is converted to calcitriol in the
A.
kidney.
B.
liver.
C.
bone.
D.
skin.
Question #18
In adults, the medullary cavities of most long bones contain red marrow.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #19
Which is false regarding the periosteum?
A.
It covers the entire bone surface, with the exception of articular areas.
B.
It provides stem cells for bone growth and repair.
C.
It includes two layers: outer fibrous and inner cellular.
D.
It is composed of dense regular connective tissue.
E.
It is anchored to the bone by collagen fibers.
Question #20
Severe anemia may trigger an adaptive conversion of
A.
red marrow to yellow marrow.
B.
spongy bone to compact bone.
C.
bone marrow to spongy bone.
D.
yellow marrow to red marrow.
Question #21
Mature cartilage is avascular.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #22
Most of the bones of the upper and lower limbs are formed by intramembranous ossification.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #23
Which is not correct about spongy bone?
A.
It forms diploe in the cranial bones.
B.
Its spaces hold red bone marrow.
C.
It is located in the epiphyses of long bones.
D.
It is composed of tubular units called osteons.
E.
It is located deep to compact bone.
Question #24
Calcitriol stimulates absorption of calcium in the small intestine.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #25
Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for
A.
calcium, phosphate, and lipids.
B.
glycogen, nitrogenous bases, and calcium.
C.
phosphate, glycogen, and nonpolar amino acids.
D.
steroids, proteins, and complex carbohydrates.
E.
calcium, complex carbohydrates, and polar amino acids.
Question #26
Flat bones
A.
have elaborate shapes, and sometimes resemble sesame seeds.
B.
are, by definition, not at all curved.
C.
protect underlying soft tissue and may be slightly curved.
D.
have a diaphysis and an epiphysis.
E.
include the bones of the wrist that glide across each other.
Question #27
What are the matrix rings of compact bone that surround the central canal of each osteon?
A.
Interstitial lamellae
B.
Concentric lamellae
C.
Perforating canals
D.
Circumferential lamellae
E.
Canaliculi
Question #28
Which is not a function of bone?
A.
Protection
B.
Hormone synthesis
C.
Hemopoiesis
D.
Body movement
E.
Mineral storage
Question #29
Where does hemopoiesis occur?
A.
Nutrient foramina
B.
Epiphyseal line
C.
Endosteum
D.
Red bone marrow
E.
Yellow bone marrow
Question #30
If a clinician were looking to harvest bone marrow that made blood cells, which bone of a donor would be sampled?
A.
Distal head of femur
B.
Os coxa
C.
Distal humerus
D.
Phalanges
Question #31
Which is false regarding ligaments?
A.
Extracapsular ligaments are outside the articular capsule.
B.
Intracapsular ligaments are within the articular capsule.
C.
Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage.
D.
Extrinsic ligaments are physically separate from the articular capsule.
E.
Ligaments are composed of dense regular connective tissue.
Question #32
Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called
A.
bursae.
B.
fat pads.
C.
menisci.
D.
articular discs.
E.
diarthroses.
Question #33
The interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna is an example of a
A.
syndesmosis.
B.
suture.
C.
synchondrosis.
D.
synostosis.
E.
synarthrosis.
Question #34
The term "diarthrosis" refers to a joint that is
A.
dislocated.
B.
immobile.
C.
slightly mobile.
D.
freely mobile.
E.
fused.
Question #35
If you move your head in such a way to look up at the ceiling, you are ________ your neck.
A.
flexing
B.
circumducting
C.
elevating
D.
rotating
E.
hyperextending
Question #36
Rotation of the forearm so as to direct the palm anteriorly (as in anatomic position) is called
A.
protraction.
B.
supination.
C.
pronation.
D.
eversion.
E.
abduction.
Question #37
Which of these synovial joints does not have at least one rounded or convex surface?
A.
Pivot
B.
Ball and socket
C.
Plane
D.
Saddle
E.
Condylar
Question #38
Which is not a cartilaginous joint?
A.
Second costochondral joint
B.
First sternocostal joint
C.
First costochondral joint
D.
Second sternocostal joint
E.
Intervertebral joint
Question #39
In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by
A.
fibrocartilage.
B.
dense regular connective tissue.
C.
areolar connective tissue.
D.
dense irregular connective tissue.
E.
articular cartilage.
Question #40
If you were to reach out your hand to receive a set of keys from someone, what movements of your forearm and hand would be involved?
A.
Protraction and rotation
B.
Pronation and adduction
C.
Eversion and abduction
D.
Depression and flexion
E.
Supination and extension
Question #41
The connection between a tooth and jaw bone is an example of a joint.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #42
The elbow is a ________ joint.
A.
hinge
B.
plane
C.
condyle
D.
saddle
Question #43
Gliding is an example of an angular motion.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #44
When the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is
A.
adduction.
B.
extension.
C.
rotation.
D.
abduction.
E.
flexion.
Question #45
Clenching the fingers to make a fist, then relaxing and straightening them, is an example of ________ followed by ________.
A.
flexion; extension
B.
abduction; adduction
C.
extension; flexion
D.
extension; hyperextension
E.
adduction; abduction
Question #46
When the angle between articulating bones increases beyond the anatomic position, the movement is referred to as
A.
dislocation.
B.
hyperflexion.
C.
hyperextension.
D.
hypertrophy.
E.
supination.
Question #47
A movement that increases or decreases the angle between two bones is a(n) ________ motion.
A.
sliding
B.
angular
C.
rotational
D.
eversion
Question #48
Based on its range of motion, the elbow is classified as a(n) ________ joint.
A.
gliding
B.
multiaxial
C.
uniaxial
D.
ellipsoid
E.
biaxial
Question #49
Which is not correct regarding articulations?
A.
An articulation is a joint between a bone and another bone, cartilage, or tooth.
B.
There are three structural categories of articulations.
C.
All articulations contain some type of cartilage.
D.
Articulations can range in motion from freely mobile to immobile.
E.
Arthrology is the scientific study of articulations.
Question #50
When elevating the mandible to chew food, the temporomandibular joint functions as a ________ joint.
A.
saddle
B.
pivot
C.
ball and socket
D.
hinge
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