Bio 2050 - Anatomy and Physiology » Spring 2021 » Lecture Exam 2
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Question #1
Parathyroid hormone release is triggered by ________ levels of calcium in the blood.
A.
high
B.
low
Question #2
An example of a flat bone would be the
A.
sternum (breast bone).
B.
femur (of thigh).
C.
trapezoid (of wrist).
D.
calcaneus (heel).
E.
radius (of forearm).
Question #3
What is the function of cartilage located in the epiphyseal plates?
A.
Forms articular surface
B.
Site of bone elongation and growth
C.
Supports soft tissues
D.
Provides passageway for blood vessels
E.
Provides flexibility for bending
Question #4
Endochondral ossification begins with a(n) ________ model.
A.
hyaline cartilage
B.
mesenchyme
C.
dense connective tissue
D.
membranous
E.
osteoid
Question #5
Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs?
A.
Hyaline cartilage
B.
Reticular cartilage
C.
Elastic cartilage
D.
Articular cartilage
E.
Fibrocartilage
Question #6
The formation of bone from a cartilaginous model is termed
A.
intramembranous ossification.
B.
endochondral ossification.
C.
orthodontia.
D.
mesenchymal ossification.
E.
bone remodeling.
Question #7
Which type of cell produces new bone tissue by secreting matrix?
A.
Osteoprogenitor cells
B.
Osteocytes
C.
Bone-lining cells
D.
Osteoclasts
E.
Osteoblasts
Question #8
Compact bone
A.
is located deep to spongy bone in the diaphysis.
B.
is avascular.
C.
All of the choices are correct.
D.
has a brace-like arrangement of trabeculae.
E.
is composed of tubular units called osteons.
Question #9
Bone cells called ________ break down bone by secreting hydrochloric acid and enzymes that dissolve the matrix.
A.
osteoid cells
B.
osteoblasts
C.
osteoprogenitor cells
D.
osteocytes
E.
osteoclasts
Question #10
Which hormone inhibits bone growth?
A.
Thyroid hormone
B.
Growth hormone
C.
Parathyroid hormone
D.
Estrogen and testosterone
E.
Calcitonin
Question #11
Which is characteristic of cartilage connective tissue?
A.
Gel-like ground substance
B.
Cells called chondrocytes and Avascular
C.
Cells called chondrocytes, Matrix of protein fibers, Avascular and Gel-like ground substance
D.
Matrix of protein fibers
E.
Avascular
Question #12
What gives bone its flexibility?
A.
Yellow bone marrow
B.
Collagen fibers
C.
Elastic fibers
D.
Trabeculae
E.
Inorganic salts
Question #13
To trigger bone growth, growth hormone stimulates the
A.
thyroid to produce calcitriol.
B.
parathyroid to produce parathyroid hormone.
C.
brain to produce serotonin.
D.
liver to produce calcitonin.
E.
liver to produce somatomedin.
Question #14
High blood calcium and exercise cause calcitonin release to
A.
increase.
B.
decrease.
Question #15
Mechanical stress of bones, such as that caused by weight lifting, is detected by
A.
chondrocytes, which then trigger osteoblasts to increase bone in a lengthwise fashion.
B.
osteocytes, which then communicate to osteoblasts to increase synthesis of osteoid.
C.
osteoclasts, which then communicate to osteocytes to increase the size of lacunae.
D.
osteoblasts, which then communicate to osteocytes and osteoclasts to deposit more hydroxyapatite.
Question #16
Spongy bone
A.
All of the choices are correct.
B.
has spaces filled with yellow marrow.
C.
forms diploe in the cranial bones.
D.
is composed of tubular units called osteons.
E.
contains no osteocytes.
Question #17
Calcidiol circulates in the blood and is converted to calcitriol in the
A.
liver.
B.
kidney.
C.
bone.
D.
skin.
Question #18
In adults, the medullary cavities of most long bones contain red marrow.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #19
Which is false regarding the periosteum?
A.
It provides stem cells for bone growth and repair.
B.
It is composed of dense regular connective tissue.
C.
It covers the entire bone surface, with the exception of articular areas.
D.
It includes two layers: outer fibrous and inner cellular.
E.
It is anchored to the bone by collagen fibers.
Question #20
Severe anemia may trigger an adaptive conversion of
A.
red marrow to yellow marrow.
B.
spongy bone to compact bone.
C.
yellow marrow to red marrow.
D.
bone marrow to spongy bone.
Question #21
Mature cartilage is avascular.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #22
Most of the bones of the upper and lower limbs are formed by intramembranous ossification.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #23
Which is not correct about spongy bone?
A.
It forms diploe in the cranial bones.
B.
It is composed of tubular units called osteons.
C.
It is located deep to compact bone.
D.
Its spaces hold red bone marrow.
E.
It is located in the epiphyses of long bones.
Question #24
Calcitriol stimulates absorption of calcium in the small intestine.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #25
Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for
A.
calcium, complex carbohydrates, and polar amino acids.
B.
calcium, phosphate, and lipids.
C.
phosphate, glycogen, and nonpolar amino acids.
D.
steroids, proteins, and complex carbohydrates.
E.
glycogen, nitrogenous bases, and calcium.
Question #26
Flat bones
A.
include the bones of the wrist that glide across each other.
B.
have elaborate shapes, and sometimes resemble sesame seeds.
C.
are, by definition, not at all curved.
D.
have a diaphysis and an epiphysis.
E.
protect underlying soft tissue and may be slightly curved.
Question #27
What are the matrix rings of compact bone that surround the central canal of each osteon?
A.
Circumferential lamellae
B.
Canaliculi
C.
Perforating canals
D.
Concentric lamellae
E.
Interstitial lamellae
Question #28
Which is not a function of bone?
A.
Body movement
B.
Hormone synthesis
C.
Protection
D.
Mineral storage
E.
Hemopoiesis
Question #29
Where does hemopoiesis occur?
A.
Yellow bone marrow
B.
Endosteum
C.
Epiphyseal line
D.
Red bone marrow
E.
Nutrient foramina
Question #30
If a clinician were looking to harvest bone marrow that made blood cells, which bone of a donor would be sampled?
A.
Phalanges
B.
Distal humerus
C.
Os coxa
D.
Distal head of femur
Question #31
Which is false regarding ligaments?
A.
Ligaments are composed of dense regular connective tissue.
B.
Extracapsular ligaments are outside the articular capsule.
C.
Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage.
D.
Extrinsic ligaments are physically separate from the articular capsule.
E.
Intracapsular ligaments are within the articular capsule.
Question #32
Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called
A.
menisci.
B.
bursae.
C.
diarthroses.
D.
fat pads.
E.
articular discs.
Question #33
The interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna is an example of a
A.
synchondrosis.
B.
synostosis.
C.
syndesmosis.
D.
suture.
E.
synarthrosis.
Question #34
The term "diarthrosis" refers to a joint that is
A.
fused.
B.
immobile.
C.
dislocated.
D.
slightly mobile.
E.
freely mobile.
Question #35
If you move your head in such a way to look up at the ceiling, you are ________ your neck.
A.
flexing
B.
hyperextending
C.
rotating
D.
circumducting
E.
elevating
Question #36
Rotation of the forearm so as to direct the palm anteriorly (as in anatomic position) is called
A.
pronation.
B.
supination.
C.
abduction.
D.
eversion.
E.
protraction.
Question #37
A.
Plane
B.
Ball and socket
C.
Saddle
D.
Condylar
E.
Pivot
Question #38
Which is not a cartilaginous joint?
A.
Second sternocostal joint
B.
First sternocostal joint
C.
Second costochondral joint
D.
Intervertebral joint
E.
First costochondral joint
Question #39
In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by
A.
articular cartilage.
B.
dense regular connective tissue.
C.
dense irregular connective tissue.
D.
fibrocartilage.
E.
areolar connective tissue.
Question #40
If you were to reach out your hand to receive a set of keys from someone, what movements of your forearm and hand would be involved?
A.
Protraction and rotation
B.
Depression and flexion
C.
Supination and extension
D.
Pronation and adduction
E.
Eversion and abduction
Question #41
The connection between a tooth and jaw bone is an example of a joint.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #42
The elbow is a ________ joint.
A.
hinge
B.
plane
C.
saddle
D.
condyle
Question #43
Gliding is an example of an angular motion.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #44
When the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is
A.
abduction.
B.
flexion.
C.
rotation.
D.
extension.
E.
adduction.
Question #45
Clenching the fingers to make a fist, then relaxing and straightening them, is an example of ________ followed by ________.
A.
flexion; extension
B.
adduction; abduction
C.
extension; flexion
D.
abduction; adduction
E.
extension; hyperextension
Question #46
A.
hypertrophy.
B.
hyperflexion.
C.
supination.
D.
dislocation.
E.
hyperextension.
Question #47
A movement that increases or decreases the angle between two bones is a(n) ________ motion.
A.
sliding
B.
angular
C.
rotational
D.
eversion
Question #48
Based on its range of motion, the elbow is classified as a(n) ________ joint.
A.
uniaxial
B.
gliding
C.
ellipsoid
D.
multiaxial
E.
biaxial
Question #49
Which is not correct regarding articulations?
A.
Articulations can range in motion from freely mobile to immobile.
B.
Arthrology is the scientific study of articulations.
C.
An articulation is a joint between a bone and another bone, cartilage, or tooth.
D.
All articulations contain some type of cartilage.
E.
There are three structural categories of articulations.
Question #50
When elevating the mandible to chew food, the temporomandibular joint functions as a ________ joint.
A.
saddle
B.
hinge
C.
pivot
D.
ball and socket
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