Bio 2050 - Anatomy and Physiology » Spring 2021 » Lecture Exam 2
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Question #1
Parathyroid hormone release is triggered by ________ levels of calcium in the blood.
A.
low
B.
high
Question #2
An example of a flat bone would be the
A.
femur (of thigh).
B.
sternum (breast bone).
C.
trapezoid (of wrist).
D.
calcaneus (heel).
E.
radius (of forearm).
Question #3
What is the function of cartilage located in the epiphyseal plates?
A.
Provides passageway for blood vessels
B.
Supports soft tissues
C.
Forms articular surface
D.
Site of bone elongation and growth
E.
Provides flexibility for bending
Question #4
Endochondral ossification begins with a(n) ________ model.
A.
membranous
B.
osteoid
C.
hyaline cartilage
D.
dense connective tissue
E.
mesenchyme
Question #5
Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs?
A.
Hyaline cartilage
B.
Reticular cartilage
C.
Fibrocartilage
D.
Articular cartilage
E.
Elastic cartilage
Question #6
The formation of bone from a cartilaginous model is termed
A.
mesenchymal ossification.
B.
bone remodeling.
C.
orthodontia.
D.
endochondral ossification.
E.
intramembranous ossification.
Question #7
Which type of cell produces new bone tissue by secreting matrix?
A.
Osteoblasts
B.
Bone-lining cells
C.
Osteoclasts
D.
Osteoprogenitor cells
E.
Osteocytes
Question #8
Compact bone
A.
All of the choices are correct.
B.
is avascular.
C.
is composed of tubular units called osteons.
D.
is located deep to spongy bone in the diaphysis.
E.
has a brace-like arrangement of trabeculae.
Question #9
Bone cells called ________ break down bone by secreting hydrochloric acid and enzymes that dissolve the matrix.
A.
osteoclasts
B.
osteoprogenitor cells
C.
osteoblasts
D.
osteoid cells
E.
osteocytes
Question #10
Which hormone inhibits bone growth?
A.
Growth hormone
B.
Estrogen and testosterone
C.
Calcitonin
D.
Thyroid hormone
E.
Parathyroid hormone
Question #11
Which is characteristic of cartilage connective tissue?
A.
Cells called chondrocytes, Matrix of protein fibers, Avascular and Gel-like ground substance
B.
Gel-like ground substance
C.
Matrix of protein fibers
D.
Avascular
E.
Cells called chondrocytes and Avascular
Question #12
What gives bone its flexibility?
A.
Yellow bone marrow
B.
Collagen fibers
C.
Trabeculae
D.
Elastic fibers
E.
Inorganic salts
Question #13
To trigger bone growth, growth hormone stimulates the
A.
liver to produce somatomedin.
B.
thyroid to produce calcitriol.
C.
brain to produce serotonin.
D.
liver to produce calcitonin.
E.
parathyroid to produce parathyroid hormone.
Question #14
High blood calcium and exercise cause calcitonin release to
A.
decrease.
B.
increase.
Question #15
Mechanical stress of bones, such as that caused by weight lifting, is detected by
A.
osteocytes, which then communicate to osteoblasts to increase synthesis of osteoid.
B.
chondrocytes, which then trigger osteoblasts to increase bone in a lengthwise fashion.
C.
osteoblasts, which then communicate to osteocytes and osteoclasts to deposit more hydroxyapatite.
D.
osteoclasts, which then communicate to osteocytes to increase the size of lacunae.
Question #16
Spongy bone
A.
All of the choices are correct.
B.
is composed of tubular units called osteons.
C.
has spaces filled with yellow marrow.
D.
forms diploe in the cranial bones.
E.
contains no osteocytes.
Question #17
Calcidiol circulates in the blood and is converted to calcitriol in the
A.
kidney.
B.
liver.
C.
skin.
D.
bone.
Question #18
In adults, the medullary cavities of most long bones contain red marrow.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #19
Which is false regarding the periosteum?
A.
It provides stem cells for bone growth and repair.
B.
It covers the entire bone surface, with the exception of articular areas.
C.
It is anchored to the bone by collagen fibers.
D.
It is composed of dense regular connective tissue.
E.
It includes two layers: outer fibrous and inner cellular.
Question #20
Severe anemia may trigger an adaptive conversion of
A.
bone marrow to spongy bone.
B.
yellow marrow to red marrow.
C.
red marrow to yellow marrow.
D.
spongy bone to compact bone.
Question #21
Mature cartilage is avascular.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #22
Most of the bones of the upper and lower limbs are formed by intramembranous ossification.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #23
Which is not correct about spongy bone?
A.
Its spaces hold red bone marrow.
B.
It is located in the epiphyses of long bones.
C.
It forms diploe in the cranial bones.
D.
It is composed of tubular units called osteons.
E.
It is located deep to compact bone.
Question #24
Calcitriol stimulates absorption of calcium in the small intestine.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #25
Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for
A.
calcium, phosphate, and lipids.
B.
glycogen, nitrogenous bases, and calcium.
C.
phosphate, glycogen, and nonpolar amino acids.
D.
steroids, proteins, and complex carbohydrates.
E.
calcium, complex carbohydrates, and polar amino acids.
Question #26
Flat bones
A.
are, by definition, not at all curved.
B.
include the bones of the wrist that glide across each other.
C.
have a diaphysis and an epiphysis.
D.
have elaborate shapes, and sometimes resemble sesame seeds.
E.
protect underlying soft tissue and may be slightly curved.
Question #27
What are the matrix rings of compact bone that surround the central canal of each osteon?
A.
Interstitial lamellae
B.
Circumferential lamellae
C.
Concentric lamellae
D.
Canaliculi
E.
Perforating canals
Question #28
Which is not a function of bone?
A.
Mineral storage
B.
Protection
C.
Hormone synthesis
D.
Body movement
E.
Hemopoiesis
Question #29
Where does hemopoiesis occur?
A.
Endosteum
B.
Yellow bone marrow
C.
Red bone marrow
D.
Epiphyseal line
E.
Nutrient foramina
Question #30
If a clinician were looking to harvest bone marrow that made blood cells, which bone of a donor would be sampled?
A.
Phalanges
B.
Distal humerus
C.
Os coxa
D.
Distal head of femur
Question #31
Which is false regarding ligaments?
A.
Intracapsular ligaments are within the articular capsule.
B.
Extracapsular ligaments are outside the articular capsule.
C.
Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage.
D.
Ligaments are composed of dense regular connective tissue.
E.
Extrinsic ligaments are physically separate from the articular capsule.
Question #32
Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called
A.
diarthroses.
B.
fat pads.
C.
menisci.
D.
bursae.
E.
articular discs.
Question #33
The interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna is an example of a
A.
synostosis.
B.
syndesmosis.
C.
synchondrosis.
D.
suture.
E.
synarthrosis.
Question #34
The term "diarthrosis" refers to a joint that is
A.
fused.
B.
dislocated.
C.
immobile.
D.
slightly mobile.
E.
freely mobile.
Question #35
If you move your head in such a way to look up at the ceiling, you are ________ your neck.
A.
elevating
B.
rotating
C.
hyperextending
D.
flexing
E.
circumducting
Question #36
Rotation of the forearm so as to direct the palm anteriorly (as in anatomic position) is called
A.
pronation.
B.
protraction.
C.
eversion.
D.
supination.
E.
abduction.
Question #37
A.
Condylar
B.
Saddle
C.
Ball and socket
D.
Plane
E.
Pivot
Question #38
Which is not a cartilaginous joint?
A.
Second costochondral joint
B.
First sternocostal joint
C.
First costochondral joint
D.
Second sternocostal joint
E.
Intervertebral joint
Question #39
In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by
A.
areolar connective tissue.
B.
articular cartilage.
C.
dense irregular connective tissue.
D.
fibrocartilage.
E.
dense regular connective tissue.
Question #40
If you were to reach out your hand to receive a set of keys from someone, what movements of your forearm and hand would be involved?
A.
Depression and flexion
B.
Protraction and rotation
C.
Eversion and abduction
D.
Supination and extension
E.
Pronation and adduction
Question #41
The connection between a tooth and jaw bone is an example of a joint.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #42
The elbow is a ________ joint.
A.
plane
B.
condyle
C.
saddle
D.
hinge
Question #43
Gliding is an example of an angular motion.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #44
When the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is
A.
extension.
B.
adduction.
C.
flexion.
D.
rotation.
E.
abduction.
Question #45
Clenching the fingers to make a fist, then relaxing and straightening them, is an example of ________ followed by ________.
A.
adduction; abduction
B.
extension; flexion
C.
abduction; adduction
D.
extension; hyperextension
E.
flexion; extension
Question #46
When the angle between articulating bones increases beyond the anatomic position, the movement is referred to as
A.
dislocation.
B.
supination.
C.
hyperflexion.
D.
hypertrophy.
E.
hyperextension.
Question #47
A movement that increases or decreases the angle between two bones is a(n) ________ motion.
A.
sliding
B.
rotational
C.
eversion
D.
angular
Question #48
Based on its range of motion, the elbow is classified as a(n) ________ joint.
A.
ellipsoid
B.
multiaxial
C.
uniaxial
D.
biaxial
E.
gliding
Question #49
Which is not correct regarding articulations?
A.
Arthrology is the scientific study of articulations.
B.
There are three structural categories of articulations.
C.
All articulations contain some type of cartilage.
D.
Articulations can range in motion from freely mobile to immobile.
E.
An articulation is a joint between a bone and another bone, cartilage, or tooth.
Question #50
When elevating the mandible to chew food, the temporomandibular joint functions as a ________ joint.
A.
saddle
B.
pivot
C.
hinge
D.
ball and socket
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