Bio 2050 - Anatomy and Physiology » Spring 2021 » Lecture Exam 2
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Question #1
Parathyroid hormone release is triggered by ________ levels of calcium in the blood.
A.
low
B.
high
Question #2
An example of a flat bone would be the
A.
trapezoid (of wrist).
B.
femur (of thigh).
C.
calcaneus (heel).
D.
radius (of forearm).
E.
sternum (breast bone).
Question #3
What is the function of cartilage located in the epiphyseal plates?
A.
Provides passageway for blood vessels
B.
Supports soft tissues
C.
Forms articular surface
D.
Provides flexibility for bending
E.
Site of bone elongation and growth
Question #4
Endochondral ossification begins with a(n) ________ model.
A.
mesenchyme
B.
osteoid
C.
hyaline cartilage
D.
dense connective tissue
E.
membranous
Question #5
Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs?
A.
Hyaline cartilage
B.
Reticular cartilage
C.
Elastic cartilage
D.
Articular cartilage
E.
Fibrocartilage
Question #6
The formation of bone from a cartilaginous model is termed
A.
bone remodeling.
B.
intramembranous ossification.
C.
endochondral ossification.
D.
mesenchymal ossification.
E.
orthodontia.
Question #7
Which type of cell produces new bone tissue by secreting matrix?
A.
Osteoblasts
B.
Osteoprogenitor cells
C.
Osteocytes
D.
Bone-lining cells
E.
Osteoclasts
Question #8
Compact bone
A.
is avascular.
B.
All of the choices are correct.
C.
has a brace-like arrangement of trabeculae.
D.
is composed of tubular units called osteons.
E.
is located deep to spongy bone in the diaphysis.
Question #9
Bone cells called ________ break down bone by secreting hydrochloric acid and enzymes that dissolve the matrix.
A.
osteocytes
B.
osteoblasts
C.
osteoprogenitor cells
D.
osteoclasts
E.
osteoid cells
Question #10
Which hormone inhibits bone growth?
A.
Estrogen and testosterone
B.
Growth hormone
C.
Thyroid hormone
D.
Calcitonin
E.
Parathyroid hormone
Question #11
Which is characteristic of cartilage connective tissue?
A.
Cells called chondrocytes and Avascular
B.
Cells called chondrocytes, Matrix of protein fibers, Avascular and Gel-like ground substance
C.
Gel-like ground substance
D.
Avascular
E.
Matrix of protein fibers
Question #12
What gives bone its flexibility?
A.
Trabeculae
B.
Collagen fibers
C.
Yellow bone marrow
D.
Elastic fibers
E.
Inorganic salts
Question #13
To trigger bone growth, growth hormone stimulates the
A.
thyroid to produce calcitriol.
B.
liver to produce somatomedin.
C.
brain to produce serotonin.
D.
parathyroid to produce parathyroid hormone.
E.
liver to produce calcitonin.
Question #14
High blood calcium and exercise cause calcitonin release to
A.
decrease.
B.
increase.
Question #15
Mechanical stress of bones, such as that caused by weight lifting, is detected by
A.
chondrocytes, which then trigger osteoblasts to increase bone in a lengthwise fashion.
B.
osteoblasts, which then communicate to osteocytes and osteoclasts to deposit more hydroxyapatite.
C.
osteocytes, which then communicate to osteoblasts to increase synthesis of osteoid.
D.
osteoclasts, which then communicate to osteocytes to increase the size of lacunae.
Question #16
Spongy bone
A.
All of the choices are correct.
B.
is composed of tubular units called osteons.
C.
has spaces filled with yellow marrow.
D.
forms diploe in the cranial bones.
E.
contains no osteocytes.
Question #17
Calcidiol circulates in the blood and is converted to calcitriol in the
A.
skin.
B.
kidney.
C.
liver.
D.
bone.
Question #18
In adults, the medullary cavities of most long bones contain red marrow.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #19
Which is false regarding the periosteum?
A.
It is anchored to the bone by collagen fibers.
B.
It provides stem cells for bone growth and repair.
C.
It covers the entire bone surface, with the exception of articular areas.
D.
It is composed of dense regular connective tissue.
E.
It includes two layers: outer fibrous and inner cellular.
Question #20
Severe anemia may trigger an adaptive conversion of
A.
yellow marrow to red marrow.
B.
bone marrow to spongy bone.
C.
red marrow to yellow marrow.
D.
spongy bone to compact bone.
Question #21
Mature cartilage is avascular.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #22
Most of the bones of the upper and lower limbs are formed by intramembranous ossification.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #23
Which is not correct about spongy bone?
A.
It is located in the epiphyses of long bones.
B.
It is located deep to compact bone.
C.
It is composed of tubular units called osteons.
D.
Its spaces hold red bone marrow.
E.
It forms diploe in the cranial bones.
Question #24
Calcitriol stimulates absorption of calcium in the small intestine.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #25
Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for
A.
phosphate, glycogen, and nonpolar amino acids.
B.
calcium, complex carbohydrates, and polar amino acids.
C.
steroids, proteins, and complex carbohydrates.
D.
calcium, phosphate, and lipids.
E.
glycogen, nitrogenous bases, and calcium.
Question #26
Flat bones
A.
have a diaphysis and an epiphysis.
B.
include the bones of the wrist that glide across each other.
C.
are, by definition, not at all curved.
D.
have elaborate shapes, and sometimes resemble sesame seeds.
E.
protect underlying soft tissue and may be slightly curved.
Question #27
What are the matrix rings of compact bone that surround the central canal of each osteon?
A.
Canaliculi
B.
Concentric lamellae
C.
Perforating canals
D.
Interstitial lamellae
E.
Circumferential lamellae
Question #28
Which is not a function of bone?
A.
Mineral storage
B.
Protection
C.
Body movement
D.
Hormone synthesis
E.
Hemopoiesis
Question #29
Where does hemopoiesis occur?
A.
Nutrient foramina
B.
Red bone marrow
C.
Endosteum
D.
Epiphyseal line
E.
Yellow bone marrow
Question #30
If a clinician were looking to harvest bone marrow that made blood cells, which bone of a donor would be sampled?
A.
Distal head of femur
B.
Phalanges
C.
Distal humerus
D.
Os coxa
Question #31
Which is false regarding ligaments?
A.
Ligaments are composed of dense regular connective tissue.
B.
Extracapsular ligaments are outside the articular capsule.
C.
Intracapsular ligaments are within the articular capsule.
D.
Extrinsic ligaments are physically separate from the articular capsule.
E.
Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage.
Question #32
Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called
A.
diarthroses.
B.
menisci.
C.
articular discs.
D.
fat pads.
E.
bursae.
Question #33
The interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna is an example of a
A.
synostosis.
B.
synarthrosis.
C.
suture.
D.
synchondrosis.
E.
syndesmosis.
Question #34
The term "diarthrosis" refers to a joint that is
A.
immobile.
B.
dislocated.
C.
freely mobile.
D.
fused.
E.
slightly mobile.
Question #35
If you move your head in such a way to look up at the ceiling, you are ________ your neck.
A.
flexing
B.
rotating
C.
elevating
D.
hyperextending
E.
circumducting
Question #36
Rotation of the forearm so as to direct the palm anteriorly (as in anatomic position) is called
A.
eversion.
B.
supination.
C.
pronation.
D.
protraction.
E.
abduction.
Question #37
Which of these synovial joints does not have at least one rounded or convex surface?
A.
Plane
B.
Pivot
C.
Ball and socket
D.
Saddle
E.
Condylar
Question #38
Which is not a cartilaginous joint?
A.
Second sternocostal joint
B.
Intervertebral joint
C.
Second costochondral joint
D.
First costochondral joint
E.
First sternocostal joint
Question #39
In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by
A.
dense irregular connective tissue.
B.
fibrocartilage.
C.
articular cartilage.
D.
areolar connective tissue.
E.
dense regular connective tissue.
Question #40
If you were to reach out your hand to receive a set of keys from someone, what movements of your forearm and hand would be involved?
A.
Pronation and adduction
B.
Depression and flexion
C.
Eversion and abduction
D.
Supination and extension
E.
Protraction and rotation
Question #41
The connection between a tooth and jaw bone is an example of a joint.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #42
The elbow is a ________ joint.
A.
hinge
B.
condyle
C.
plane
D.
saddle
Question #43
Gliding is an example of an angular motion.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #44
When the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is
A.
flexion.
B.
adduction.
C.
extension.
D.
rotation.
E.
abduction.
Question #45
Clenching the fingers to make a fist, then relaxing and straightening them, is an example of ________ followed by ________.
A.
abduction; adduction
B.
flexion; extension
C.
adduction; abduction
D.
extension; flexion
E.
extension; hyperextension
Question #46
When the angle between articulating bones increases beyond the anatomic position, the movement is referred to as
A.
supination.
B.
dislocation.
C.
hyperextension.
D.
hypertrophy.
E.
hyperflexion.
Question #47
A movement that increases or decreases the angle between two bones is a(n) ________ motion.
A.
angular
B.
sliding
C.
rotational
D.
eversion
Question #48
Based on its range of motion, the elbow is classified as a(n) ________ joint.
A.
gliding
B.
uniaxial
C.
biaxial
D.
multiaxial
E.
ellipsoid
Question #49
Which is not correct regarding articulations?
A.
All articulations contain some type of cartilage.
B.
There are three structural categories of articulations.
C.
Arthrology is the scientific study of articulations.
D.
Articulations can range in motion from freely mobile to immobile.
E.
An articulation is a joint between a bone and another bone, cartilage, or tooth.
Question #50
When elevating the mandible to chew food, the temporomandibular joint functions as a ________ joint.
A.
ball and socket
B.
pivot
C.
saddle
D.
hinge
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