Bio 2050 - Anatomy and Physiology » Spring 2021 » Lecture Exam 2
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Question #1
Parathyroid hormone release is triggered by ________ levels of calcium in the blood.
A.
high
B.
low
Question #2
An example of a flat bone would be the
A.
radius (of forearm).
B.
femur (of thigh).
C.
calcaneus (heel).
D.
trapezoid (of wrist).
E.
sternum (breast bone).
Question #3
What is the function of cartilage located in the epiphyseal plates?
A.
Provides flexibility for bending
B.
Provides passageway for blood vessels
C.
Supports soft tissues
D.
Forms articular surface
E.
Site of bone elongation and growth
Question #4
Endochondral ossification begins with a(n) ________ model.
A.
membranous
B.
mesenchyme
C.
dense connective tissue
D.
osteoid
E.
hyaline cartilage
Question #5
Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs?
A.
Hyaline cartilage
B.
Elastic cartilage
C.
Reticular cartilage
D.
Fibrocartilage
E.
Articular cartilage
Question #6
The formation of bone from a cartilaginous model is termed
A.
mesenchymal ossification.
B.
orthodontia.
C.
intramembranous ossification.
D.
endochondral ossification.
E.
bone remodeling.
Question #7
Which type of cell produces new bone tissue by secreting matrix?
A.
Osteoclasts
B.
Osteoblasts
C.
Osteocytes
D.
Bone-lining cells
E.
Osteoprogenitor cells
Question #8
Compact bone
A.
has a brace-like arrangement of trabeculae.
B.
is composed of tubular units called osteons.
C.
is avascular.
D.
All of the choices are correct.
E.
is located deep to spongy bone in the diaphysis.
Question #9
Bone cells called ________ break down bone by secreting hydrochloric acid and enzymes that dissolve the matrix.
A.
osteocytes
B.
osteoclasts
C.
osteoprogenitor cells
D.
osteoblasts
E.
osteoid cells
Question #10
Which hormone inhibits bone growth?
A.
Estrogen and testosterone
B.
Growth hormone
C.
Calcitonin
D.
Thyroid hormone
E.
Parathyroid hormone
Question #11
Which is characteristic of cartilage connective tissue?
A.
Gel-like ground substance
B.
Matrix of protein fibers
C.
Cells called chondrocytes and Avascular
D.
Cells called chondrocytes, Matrix of protein fibers, Avascular and Gel-like ground substance
E.
Avascular
Question #12
What gives bone its flexibility?
A.
Trabeculae
B.
Yellow bone marrow
C.
Inorganic salts
D.
Collagen fibers
E.
Elastic fibers
Question #13
To trigger bone growth, growth hormone stimulates the
A.
thyroid to produce calcitriol.
B.
brain to produce serotonin.
C.
liver to produce somatomedin.
D.
parathyroid to produce parathyroid hormone.
E.
liver to produce calcitonin.
Question #14
High blood calcium and exercise cause calcitonin release to
A.
decrease.
B.
increase.
Question #15
Mechanical stress of bones, such as that caused by weight lifting, is detected by
A.
osteoblasts, which then communicate to osteocytes and osteoclasts to deposit more hydroxyapatite.
B.
chondrocytes, which then trigger osteoblasts to increase bone in a lengthwise fashion.
C.
osteoclasts, which then communicate to osteocytes to increase the size of lacunae.
D.
osteocytes, which then communicate to osteoblasts to increase synthesis of osteoid.
Question #16
Spongy bone
A.
contains no osteocytes.
B.
All of the choices are correct.
C.
forms diploe in the cranial bones.
D.
is composed of tubular units called osteons.
E.
has spaces filled with yellow marrow.
Question #17
Calcidiol circulates in the blood and is converted to calcitriol in the
A.
liver.
B.
skin.
C.
bone.
D.
kidney.
Question #18
In adults, the medullary cavities of most long bones contain red marrow.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #19
Which is false regarding the periosteum?
A.
It covers the entire bone surface, with the exception of articular areas.
B.
It is composed of dense regular connective tissue.
C.
It includes two layers: outer fibrous and inner cellular.
D.
It provides stem cells for bone growth and repair.
E.
It is anchored to the bone by collagen fibers.
Question #20
Severe anemia may trigger an adaptive conversion of
A.
bone marrow to spongy bone.
B.
spongy bone to compact bone.
C.
red marrow to yellow marrow.
D.
yellow marrow to red marrow.
Question #21
Mature cartilage is avascular.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #22
Most of the bones of the upper and lower limbs are formed by intramembranous ossification.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #23
Which is not correct about spongy bone?
A.
It is located deep to compact bone.
B.
Its spaces hold red bone marrow.
C.
It is located in the epiphyses of long bones.
D.
It is composed of tubular units called osteons.
E.
It forms diploe in the cranial bones.
Question #24
Calcitriol stimulates absorption of calcium in the small intestine.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #25
Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for
A.
calcium, complex carbohydrates, and polar amino acids.
B.
phosphate, glycogen, and nonpolar amino acids.
C.
steroids, proteins, and complex carbohydrates.
D.
calcium, phosphate, and lipids.
E.
glycogen, nitrogenous bases, and calcium.
Question #26
Flat bones
A.
have a diaphysis and an epiphysis.
B.
have elaborate shapes, and sometimes resemble sesame seeds.
C.
include the bones of the wrist that glide across each other.
D.
are, by definition, not at all curved.
E.
protect underlying soft tissue and may be slightly curved.
Question #27
What are the matrix rings of compact bone that surround the central canal of each osteon?
A.
Canaliculi
B.
Concentric lamellae
C.
Perforating canals
D.
Interstitial lamellae
E.
Circumferential lamellae
Question #28
Which is not a function of bone?
A.
Hemopoiesis
B.
Protection
C.
Mineral storage
D.
Hormone synthesis
E.
Body movement
Question #29
Where does hemopoiesis occur?
A.
Endosteum
B.
Epiphyseal line
C.
Red bone marrow
D.
Yellow bone marrow
E.
Nutrient foramina
Question #30
If a clinician were looking to harvest bone marrow that made blood cells, which bone of a donor would be sampled?
A.
Distal head of femur
B.
Distal humerus
C.
Os coxa
D.
Phalanges
Question #31
Which is false regarding ligaments?
A.
Extrinsic ligaments are physically separate from the articular capsule.
B.
Intracapsular ligaments are within the articular capsule.
C.
Ligaments are composed of dense regular connective tissue.
D.
Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage.
E.
Extracapsular ligaments are outside the articular capsule.
Question #32
Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called
A.
diarthroses.
B.
bursae.
C.
articular discs.
D.
fat pads.
E.
menisci.
Question #33
The interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna is an example of a
A.
synostosis.
B.
suture.
C.
synarthrosis.
D.
synchondrosis.
E.
syndesmosis.
Question #34
The term "diarthrosis" refers to a joint that is
A.
dislocated.
B.
immobile.
C.
slightly mobile.
D.
fused.
E.
freely mobile.
Question #35
If you move your head in such a way to look up at the ceiling, you are ________ your neck.
A.
circumducting
B.
rotating
C.
elevating
D.
hyperextending
E.
flexing
Question #36
Rotation of the forearm so as to direct the palm anteriorly (as in anatomic position) is called
A.
abduction.
B.
pronation.
C.
protraction.
D.
eversion.
E.
supination.
Question #37
Which of these synovial joints does not have at least one rounded or convex surface?
A.
Condylar
B.
Plane
C.
Pivot
D.
Ball and socket
E.
Saddle
Question #38
Which is not a cartilaginous joint?
A.
First costochondral joint
B.
Second sternocostal joint
C.
First sternocostal joint
D.
Second costochondral joint
E.
Intervertebral joint
Question #39
In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by
A.
articular cartilage.
B.
dense irregular connective tissue.
C.
dense regular connective tissue.
D.
areolar connective tissue.
E.
fibrocartilage.
Question #40
If you were to reach out your hand to receive a set of keys from someone, what movements of your forearm and hand would be involved?
A.
Depression and flexion
B.
Protraction and rotation
C.
Supination and extension
D.
Pronation and adduction
E.
Eversion and abduction
Question #41
The connection between a tooth and jaw bone is an example of a joint.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #42
The elbow is a ________ joint.
A.
plane
B.
saddle
C.
condyle
D.
hinge
Question #43
Gliding is an example of an angular motion.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #44
When the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is
A.
extension.
B.
adduction.
C.
abduction.
D.
flexion.
E.
rotation.
Question #45
Clenching the fingers to make a fist, then relaxing and straightening them, is an example of ________ followed by ________.
A.
adduction; abduction
B.
abduction; adduction
C.
extension; flexion
D.
flexion; extension
E.
extension; hyperextension
Question #46
A.
dislocation.
B.
hyperflexion.
C.
hypertrophy.
D.
supination.
E.
hyperextension.
Question #47
A movement that increases or decreases the angle between two bones is a(n) ________ motion.
A.
rotational
B.
angular
C.
eversion
D.
sliding
Question #48
Based on its range of motion, the elbow is classified as a(n) ________ joint.
A.
biaxial
B.
ellipsoid
C.
gliding
D.
uniaxial
E.
multiaxial
Question #49
Which is not correct regarding articulations?
A.
An articulation is a joint between a bone and another bone, cartilage, or tooth.
B.
Arthrology is the scientific study of articulations.
C.
All articulations contain some type of cartilage.
D.
There are three structural categories of articulations.
E.
Articulations can range in motion from freely mobile to immobile.
Question #50
When elevating the mandible to chew food, the temporomandibular joint functions as a ________ joint.
A.
ball and socket
B.
hinge
C.
saddle
D.
pivot
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