Bio 2050 - Anatomy and Physiology » Spring 2021 » Lecture Exam 2
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Question #1
Parathyroid hormone release is triggered by ________ levels of calcium in the blood.
A.
low
B.
high
Question #2
An example of a flat bone would be the
A.
sternum (breast bone).
B.
calcaneus (heel).
C.
trapezoid (of wrist).
D.
femur (of thigh).
E.
radius (of forearm).
Question #3
What is the function of cartilage located in the epiphyseal plates?
A.
Provides flexibility for bending
B.
Provides passageway for blood vessels
C.
Forms articular surface
D.
Supports soft tissues
E.
Site of bone elongation and growth
Question #4
Endochondral ossification begins with a(n) ________ model.
A.
membranous
B.
hyaline cartilage
C.
osteoid
D.
dense connective tissue
E.
mesenchyme
Question #5
Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs?
A.
Reticular cartilage
B.
Fibrocartilage
C.
Articular cartilage
D.
Elastic cartilage
E.
Hyaline cartilage
Question #6
The formation of bone from a cartilaginous model is termed
A.
endochondral ossification.
B.
intramembranous ossification.
C.
bone remodeling.
D.
orthodontia.
E.
mesenchymal ossification.
Question #7
Which type of cell produces new bone tissue by secreting matrix?
A.
Osteoclasts
B.
Bone-lining cells
C.
Osteoprogenitor cells
D.
Osteoblasts
E.
Osteocytes
Question #8
Compact bone
A.
is avascular.
B.
is located deep to spongy bone in the diaphysis.
C.
All of the choices are correct.
D.
has a brace-like arrangement of trabeculae.
E.
is composed of tubular units called osteons.
Question #9
Bone cells called ________ break down bone by secreting hydrochloric acid and enzymes that dissolve the matrix.
A.
osteoid cells
B.
osteoclasts
C.
osteoblasts
D.
osteocytes
E.
osteoprogenitor cells
Question #10
Which hormone inhibits bone growth?
A.
Growth hormone
B.
Thyroid hormone
C.
Calcitonin
D.
Estrogen and testosterone
E.
Parathyroid hormone
Question #11
Which is characteristic of cartilage connective tissue?
A.
Matrix of protein fibers
B.
Cells called chondrocytes, Matrix of protein fibers, Avascular and Gel-like ground substance
C.
Gel-like ground substance
D.
Cells called chondrocytes and Avascular
E.
Avascular
Question #12
What gives bone its flexibility?
A.
Yellow bone marrow
B.
Elastic fibers
C.
Trabeculae
D.
Collagen fibers
E.
Inorganic salts
Question #13
To trigger bone growth, growth hormone stimulates the
A.
parathyroid to produce parathyroid hormone.
B.
liver to produce somatomedin.
C.
liver to produce calcitonin.
D.
thyroid to produce calcitriol.
E.
brain to produce serotonin.
Question #14
High blood calcium and exercise cause calcitonin release to
A.
increase.
B.
decrease.
Question #15
Mechanical stress of bones, such as that caused by weight lifting, is detected by
A.
osteocytes, which then communicate to osteoblasts to increase synthesis of osteoid.
B.
chondrocytes, which then trigger osteoblasts to increase bone in a lengthwise fashion.
C.
osteoblasts, which then communicate to osteocytes and osteoclasts to deposit more hydroxyapatite.
D.
osteoclasts, which then communicate to osteocytes to increase the size of lacunae.
Question #16
Spongy bone
A.
All of the choices are correct.
B.
forms diploe in the cranial bones.
C.
has spaces filled with yellow marrow.
D.
is composed of tubular units called osteons.
E.
contains no osteocytes.
Question #17
Calcidiol circulates in the blood and is converted to calcitriol in the
A.
liver.
B.
bone.
C.
kidney.
D.
skin.
Question #18
In adults, the medullary cavities of most long bones contain red marrow.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #19
Which is false regarding the periosteum?
A.
It is composed of dense regular connective tissue.
B.
It provides stem cells for bone growth and repair.
C.
It is anchored to the bone by collagen fibers.
D.
It covers the entire bone surface, with the exception of articular areas.
E.
It includes two layers: outer fibrous and inner cellular.
Question #20
Severe anemia may trigger an adaptive conversion of
A.
yellow marrow to red marrow.
B.
spongy bone to compact bone.
C.
red marrow to yellow marrow.
D.
bone marrow to spongy bone.
Question #21
Mature cartilage is avascular.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #22
Most of the bones of the upper and lower limbs are formed by intramembranous ossification.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #23
Which is not correct about spongy bone?
A.
Its spaces hold red bone marrow.
B.
It is composed of tubular units called osteons.
C.
It forms diploe in the cranial bones.
D.
It is located in the epiphyses of long bones.
E.
It is located deep to compact bone.
Question #24
Calcitriol stimulates absorption of calcium in the small intestine.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #25
Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for
A.
phosphate, glycogen, and nonpolar amino acids.
B.
calcium, phosphate, and lipids.
C.
glycogen, nitrogenous bases, and calcium.
D.
steroids, proteins, and complex carbohydrates.
E.
calcium, complex carbohydrates, and polar amino acids.
Question #26
Flat bones
A.
protect underlying soft tissue and may be slightly curved.
B.
have elaborate shapes, and sometimes resemble sesame seeds.
C.
are, by definition, not at all curved.
D.
have a diaphysis and an epiphysis.
E.
include the bones of the wrist that glide across each other.
Question #27
What are the matrix rings of compact bone that surround the central canal of each osteon?
A.
Circumferential lamellae
B.
Interstitial lamellae
C.
Perforating canals
D.
Concentric lamellae
E.
Canaliculi
Question #28
Which is not a function of bone?
A.
Mineral storage
B.
Protection
C.
Hormone synthesis
D.
Body movement
E.
Hemopoiesis
Question #29
Where does hemopoiesis occur?
A.
Endosteum
B.
Nutrient foramina
C.
Yellow bone marrow
D.
Red bone marrow
E.
Epiphyseal line
Question #30
If a clinician were looking to harvest bone marrow that made blood cells, which bone of a donor would be sampled?
A.
Os coxa
B.
Distal humerus
C.
Distal head of femur
D.
Phalanges
Question #31
Which is false regarding ligaments?
A.
Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage.
B.
Ligaments are composed of dense regular connective tissue.
C.
Extracapsular ligaments are outside the articular capsule.
D.
Intracapsular ligaments are within the articular capsule.
E.
Extrinsic ligaments are physically separate from the articular capsule.
Question #32
Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called
A.
bursae.
B.
diarthroses.
C.
fat pads.
D.
articular discs.
E.
menisci.
Question #33
The interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna is an example of a
A.
synchondrosis.
B.
synostosis.
C.
suture.
D.
synarthrosis.
E.
syndesmosis.
Question #34
The term "diarthrosis" refers to a joint that is
A.
freely mobile.
B.
dislocated.
C.
slightly mobile.
D.
fused.
E.
immobile.
Question #35
If you move your head in such a way to look up at the ceiling, you are ________ your neck.
A.
circumducting
B.
flexing
C.
elevating
D.
hyperextending
E.
rotating
Question #36
Rotation of the forearm so as to direct the palm anteriorly (as in anatomic position) is called
A.
abduction.
B.
eversion.
C.
protraction.
D.
pronation.
E.
supination.
Question #37
A.
Pivot
B.
Saddle
C.
Ball and socket
D.
Condylar
E.
Plane
Question #38
Which is not a cartilaginous joint?
A.
Second costochondral joint
B.
Intervertebral joint
C.
First sternocostal joint
D.
First costochondral joint
E.
Second sternocostal joint
Question #39
In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by
A.
dense regular connective tissue.
B.
areolar connective tissue.
C.
articular cartilage.
D.
dense irregular connective tissue.
E.
fibrocartilage.
Question #40
If you were to reach out your hand to receive a set of keys from someone, what movements of your forearm and hand would be involved?
A.
Pronation and adduction
B.
Depression and flexion
C.
Protraction and rotation
D.
Eversion and abduction
E.
Supination and extension
Question #41
The connection between a tooth and jaw bone is an example of a joint.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #42
The elbow is a ________ joint.
A.
plane
B.
saddle
C.
hinge
D.
condyle
Question #43
Gliding is an example of an angular motion.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #44
When the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is
A.
abduction.
B.
rotation.
C.
adduction.
D.
extension.
E.
flexion.
Question #45
Clenching the fingers to make a fist, then relaxing and straightening them, is an example of ________ followed by ________.
A.
extension; flexion
B.
adduction; abduction
C.
flexion; extension
D.
abduction; adduction
E.
extension; hyperextension
Question #46
A.
hyperextension.
B.
hypertrophy.
C.
hyperflexion.
D.
supination.
E.
dislocation.
Question #47
A movement that increases or decreases the angle between two bones is a(n) ________ motion.
A.
rotational
B.
eversion
C.
sliding
D.
angular
Question #48
Based on its range of motion, the elbow is classified as a(n) ________ joint.
A.
multiaxial
B.
uniaxial
C.
ellipsoid
D.
gliding
E.
biaxial
Question #49
Which is not correct regarding articulations?
A.
Articulations can range in motion from freely mobile to immobile.
B.
An articulation is a joint between a bone and another bone, cartilage, or tooth.
C.
Arthrology is the scientific study of articulations.
D.
There are three structural categories of articulations.
E.
All articulations contain some type of cartilage.
Question #50
When elevating the mandible to chew food, the temporomandibular joint functions as a ________ joint.
A.
pivot
B.
hinge
C.
ball and socket
D.
saddle
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