Bio 2050 - Anatomy and Physiology » Spring 2021 » Lecture Exam 2
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Question #1
Parathyroid hormone release is triggered by ________ levels of calcium in the blood.
A.
low
B.
high
Question #2
An example of a flat bone would be the
A.
femur (of thigh).
B.
trapezoid (of wrist).
C.
sternum (breast bone).
D.
radius (of forearm).
E.
calcaneus (heel).
Question #3
What is the function of cartilage located in the epiphyseal plates?
A.
Forms articular surface
B.
Provides flexibility for bending
C.
Supports soft tissues
D.
Provides passageway for blood vessels
E.
Site of bone elongation and growth
Question #4
Endochondral ossification begins with a(n) ________ model.
A.
dense connective tissue
B.
membranous
C.
osteoid
D.
mesenchyme
E.
hyaline cartilage
Question #5
Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs?
A.
Articular cartilage
B.
Elastic cartilage
C.
Reticular cartilage
D.
Fibrocartilage
E.
Hyaline cartilage
Question #6
The formation of bone from a cartilaginous model is termed
A.
bone remodeling.
B.
orthodontia.
C.
mesenchymal ossification.
D.
endochondral ossification.
E.
intramembranous ossification.
Question #7
Which type of cell produces new bone tissue by secreting matrix?
A.
Bone-lining cells
B.
Osteoprogenitor cells
C.
Osteoblasts
D.
Osteoclasts
E.
Osteocytes
Question #8
Compact bone
A.
is composed of tubular units called osteons.
B.
is located deep to spongy bone in the diaphysis.
C.
has a brace-like arrangement of trabeculae.
D.
All of the choices are correct.
E.
is avascular.
Question #9
Bone cells called ________ break down bone by secreting hydrochloric acid and enzymes that dissolve the matrix.
A.
osteocytes
B.
osteoblasts
C.
osteoprogenitor cells
D.
osteoid cells
E.
osteoclasts
Question #10
Which hormone inhibits bone growth?
A.
Estrogen and testosterone
B.
Calcitonin
C.
Growth hormone
D.
Parathyroid hormone
E.
Thyroid hormone
Question #11
Which is characteristic of cartilage connective tissue?
A.
Cells called chondrocytes and Avascular
B.
Cells called chondrocytes, Matrix of protein fibers, Avascular and Gel-like ground substance
C.
Matrix of protein fibers
D.
Avascular
E.
Gel-like ground substance
Question #12
What gives bone its flexibility?
A.
Elastic fibers
B.
Yellow bone marrow
C.
Inorganic salts
D.
Collagen fibers
E.
Trabeculae
Question #13
To trigger bone growth, growth hormone stimulates the
A.
brain to produce serotonin.
B.
thyroid to produce calcitriol.
C.
liver to produce somatomedin.
D.
liver to produce calcitonin.
E.
parathyroid to produce parathyroid hormone.
Question #14
High blood calcium and exercise cause calcitonin release to
A.
decrease.
B.
increase.
Question #15
Mechanical stress of bones, such as that caused by weight lifting, is detected by
A.
chondrocytes, which then trigger osteoblasts to increase bone in a lengthwise fashion.
B.
osteocytes, which then communicate to osteoblasts to increase synthesis of osteoid.
C.
osteoblasts, which then communicate to osteocytes and osteoclasts to deposit more hydroxyapatite.
D.
osteoclasts, which then communicate to osteocytes to increase the size of lacunae.
Question #16
Spongy bone
A.
All of the choices are correct.
B.
has spaces filled with yellow marrow.
C.
is composed of tubular units called osteons.
D.
contains no osteocytes.
E.
forms diploe in the cranial bones.
Question #17
Calcidiol circulates in the blood and is converted to calcitriol in the
A.
bone.
B.
skin.
C.
liver.
D.
kidney.
Question #18
In adults, the medullary cavities of most long bones contain red marrow.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #19
Which is false regarding the periosteum?
A.
It includes two layers: outer fibrous and inner cellular.
B.
It is composed of dense regular connective tissue.
C.
It provides stem cells for bone growth and repair.
D.
It covers the entire bone surface, with the exception of articular areas.
E.
It is anchored to the bone by collagen fibers.
Question #20
Severe anemia may trigger an adaptive conversion of
A.
spongy bone to compact bone.
B.
red marrow to yellow marrow.
C.
yellow marrow to red marrow.
D.
bone marrow to spongy bone.
Question #21
Mature cartilage is avascular.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #22
Most of the bones of the upper and lower limbs are formed by intramembranous ossification.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #23
Which is not correct about spongy bone?
A.
It forms diploe in the cranial bones.
B.
It is located deep to compact bone.
C.
It is composed of tubular units called osteons.
D.
It is located in the epiphyses of long bones.
E.
Its spaces hold red bone marrow.
Question #24
Calcitriol stimulates absorption of calcium in the small intestine.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #25
Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for
A.
calcium, phosphate, and lipids.
B.
calcium, complex carbohydrates, and polar amino acids.
C.
steroids, proteins, and complex carbohydrates.
D.
phosphate, glycogen, and nonpolar amino acids.
E.
glycogen, nitrogenous bases, and calcium.
Question #26
Flat bones
A.
have a diaphysis and an epiphysis.
B.
protect underlying soft tissue and may be slightly curved.
C.
are, by definition, not at all curved.
D.
have elaborate shapes, and sometimes resemble sesame seeds.
E.
include the bones of the wrist that glide across each other.
Question #27
What are the matrix rings of compact bone that surround the central canal of each osteon?
A.
Circumferential lamellae
B.
Concentric lamellae
C.
Interstitial lamellae
D.
Perforating canals
E.
Canaliculi
Question #28
Which is not a function of bone?
A.
Hemopoiesis
B.
Protection
C.
Mineral storage
D.
Hormone synthesis
E.
Body movement
Question #29
Where does hemopoiesis occur?
A.
Epiphyseal line
B.
Yellow bone marrow
C.
Red bone marrow
D.
Nutrient foramina
E.
Endosteum
Question #30
If a clinician were looking to harvest bone marrow that made blood cells, which bone of a donor would be sampled?
A.
Phalanges
B.
Distal head of femur
C.
Distal humerus
D.
Os coxa
Question #31
Which is false regarding ligaments?
A.
Ligaments are composed of dense regular connective tissue.
B.
Extracapsular ligaments are outside the articular capsule.
C.
Intracapsular ligaments are within the articular capsule.
D.
Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage.
E.
Extrinsic ligaments are physically separate from the articular capsule.
Question #32
Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called
A.
articular discs.
B.
diarthroses.
C.
bursae.
D.
menisci.
E.
fat pads.
Question #33
The interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna is an example of a
A.
synchondrosis.
B.
synarthrosis.
C.
synostosis.
D.
suture.
E.
syndesmosis.
Question #34
The term "diarthrosis" refers to a joint that is
A.
freely mobile.
B.
dislocated.
C.
fused.
D.
immobile.
E.
slightly mobile.
Question #35
If you move your head in such a way to look up at the ceiling, you are ________ your neck.
A.
circumducting
B.
hyperextending
C.
elevating
D.
rotating
E.
flexing
Question #36
Rotation of the forearm so as to direct the palm anteriorly (as in anatomic position) is called
A.
protraction.
B.
pronation.
C.
eversion.
D.
abduction.
E.
supination.
Question #37
Which of these synovial joints does not have at least one rounded or convex surface?
A.
Plane
B.
Ball and socket
C.
Condylar
D.
Pivot
E.
Saddle
Question #38
Which is not a cartilaginous joint?
A.
First costochondral joint
B.
First sternocostal joint
C.
Intervertebral joint
D.
Second sternocostal joint
E.
Second costochondral joint
Question #39
In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by
A.
articular cartilage.
B.
areolar connective tissue.
C.
dense irregular connective tissue.
D.
dense regular connective tissue.
E.
fibrocartilage.
Question #40
If you were to reach out your hand to receive a set of keys from someone, what movements of your forearm and hand would be involved?
A.
Pronation and adduction
B.
Eversion and abduction
C.
Protraction and rotation
D.
Supination and extension
E.
Depression and flexion
Question #41
The connection between a tooth and jaw bone is an example of a joint.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #42
The elbow is a ________ joint.
A.
plane
B.
condyle
C.
hinge
D.
saddle
Question #43
Gliding is an example of an angular motion.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #44
When the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is
A.
adduction.
B.
flexion.
C.
rotation.
D.
abduction.
E.
extension.
Question #45
Clenching the fingers to make a fist, then relaxing and straightening them, is an example of ________ followed by ________.
A.
extension; hyperextension
B.
extension; flexion
C.
adduction; abduction
D.
abduction; adduction
E.
flexion; extension
Question #46
When the angle between articulating bones increases beyond the anatomic position, the movement is referred to as
A.
supination.
B.
hyperextension.
C.
hypertrophy.
D.
dislocation.
E.
hyperflexion.
Question #47
A movement that increases or decreases the angle between two bones is a(n) ________ motion.
A.
rotational
B.
angular
C.
eversion
D.
sliding
Question #48
Based on its range of motion, the elbow is classified as a(n) ________ joint.
A.
biaxial
B.
uniaxial
C.
gliding
D.
multiaxial
E.
ellipsoid
Question #49
Which is not correct regarding articulations?
A.
All articulations contain some type of cartilage.
B.
There are three structural categories of articulations.
C.
Arthrology is the scientific study of articulations.
D.
An articulation is a joint between a bone and another bone, cartilage, or tooth.
E.
Articulations can range in motion from freely mobile to immobile.
Question #50
When elevating the mandible to chew food, the temporomandibular joint functions as a ________ joint.
A.
hinge
B.
saddle
C.
pivot
D.
ball and socket
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