Bio 2050 - Anatomy and Physiology » Spring 2021 » Lecture Exam 2
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Question #1
Parathyroid hormone release is triggered by ________ levels of calcium in the blood.
A.
low
B.
high
Question #2
An example of a flat bone would be the
A.
trapezoid (of wrist).
B.
femur (of thigh).
C.
sternum (breast bone).
D.
calcaneus (heel).
E.
radius (of forearm).
Question #3
What is the function of cartilage located in the epiphyseal plates?
A.
Site of bone elongation and growth
B.
Supports soft tissues
C.
Forms articular surface
D.
Provides passageway for blood vessels
E.
Provides flexibility for bending
Question #4
Endochondral ossification begins with a(n) ________ model.
A.
osteoid
B.
membranous
C.
dense connective tissue
D.
mesenchyme
E.
hyaline cartilage
Question #5
Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs?
A.
Articular cartilage
B.
Hyaline cartilage
C.
Elastic cartilage
D.
Reticular cartilage
E.
Fibrocartilage
Question #6
The formation of bone from a cartilaginous model is termed
A.
orthodontia.
B.
intramembranous ossification.
C.
mesenchymal ossification.
D.
endochondral ossification.
E.
bone remodeling.
Question #7
Which type of cell produces new bone tissue by secreting matrix?
A.
Osteoprogenitor cells
B.
Osteocytes
C.
Bone-lining cells
D.
Osteoclasts
E.
Osteoblasts
Question #8
Compact bone
A.
has a brace-like arrangement of trabeculae.
B.
is located deep to spongy bone in the diaphysis.
C.
All of the choices are correct.
D.
is avascular.
E.
is composed of tubular units called osteons.
Question #9
Bone cells called ________ break down bone by secreting hydrochloric acid and enzymes that dissolve the matrix.
A.
osteoclasts
B.
osteoprogenitor cells
C.
osteocytes
D.
osteoid cells
E.
osteoblasts
Question #10
Which hormone inhibits bone growth?
A.
Estrogen and testosterone
B.
Growth hormone
C.
Parathyroid hormone
D.
Calcitonin
E.
Thyroid hormone
Question #11
Which is characteristic of cartilage connective tissue?
A.
Gel-like ground substance
B.
Avascular
C.
Matrix of protein fibers
D.
Cells called chondrocytes, Matrix of protein fibers, Avascular and Gel-like ground substance
E.
Cells called chondrocytes and Avascular
Question #12
What gives bone its flexibility?
A.
Yellow bone marrow
B.
Trabeculae
C.
Collagen fibers
D.
Elastic fibers
E.
Inorganic salts
Question #13
To trigger bone growth, growth hormone stimulates the
A.
liver to produce calcitonin.
B.
liver to produce somatomedin.
C.
parathyroid to produce parathyroid hormone.
D.
thyroid to produce calcitriol.
E.
brain to produce serotonin.
Question #14
High blood calcium and exercise cause calcitonin release to
A.
increase.
B.
decrease.
Question #15
Mechanical stress of bones, such as that caused by weight lifting, is detected by
A.
chondrocytes, which then trigger osteoblasts to increase bone in a lengthwise fashion.
B.
osteoclasts, which then communicate to osteocytes to increase the size of lacunae.
C.
osteocytes, which then communicate to osteoblasts to increase synthesis of osteoid.
D.
osteoblasts, which then communicate to osteocytes and osteoclasts to deposit more hydroxyapatite.
Question #16
Spongy bone
A.
contains no osteocytes.
B.
has spaces filled with yellow marrow.
C.
All of the choices are correct.
D.
is composed of tubular units called osteons.
E.
forms diploe in the cranial bones.
Question #17
Calcidiol circulates in the blood and is converted to calcitriol in the
A.
skin.
B.
kidney.
C.
liver.
D.
bone.
Question #18
In adults, the medullary cavities of most long bones contain red marrow.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #19
Which is false regarding the periosteum?
A.
It includes two layers: outer fibrous and inner cellular.
B.
It is anchored to the bone by collagen fibers.
C.
It is composed of dense regular connective tissue.
D.
It covers the entire bone surface, with the exception of articular areas.
E.
It provides stem cells for bone growth and repair.
Question #20
Severe anemia may trigger an adaptive conversion of
A.
red marrow to yellow marrow.
B.
yellow marrow to red marrow.
C.
spongy bone to compact bone.
D.
bone marrow to spongy bone.
Question #21
Mature cartilage is avascular.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #22
Most of the bones of the upper and lower limbs are formed by intramembranous ossification.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #23
Which is not correct about spongy bone?
A.
It is located in the epiphyses of long bones.
B.
It is located deep to compact bone.
C.
Its spaces hold red bone marrow.
D.
It forms diploe in the cranial bones.
E.
It is composed of tubular units called osteons.
Question #24
Calcitriol stimulates absorption of calcium in the small intestine.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #25
Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for
A.
steroids, proteins, and complex carbohydrates.
B.
glycogen, nitrogenous bases, and calcium.
C.
calcium, complex carbohydrates, and polar amino acids.
D.
phosphate, glycogen, and nonpolar amino acids.
E.
calcium, phosphate, and lipids.
Question #26
Flat bones
A.
have a diaphysis and an epiphysis.
B.
protect underlying soft tissue and may be slightly curved.
C.
are, by definition, not at all curved.
D.
include the bones of the wrist that glide across each other.
E.
have elaborate shapes, and sometimes resemble sesame seeds.
Question #27
What are the matrix rings of compact bone that surround the central canal of each osteon?
A.
Interstitial lamellae
B.
Circumferential lamellae
C.
Perforating canals
D.
Canaliculi
E.
Concentric lamellae
Question #28
Which is not a function of bone?
A.
Mineral storage
B.
Body movement
C.
Hemopoiesis
D.
Protection
E.
Hormone synthesis
Question #29
Where does hemopoiesis occur?
A.
Epiphyseal line
B.
Nutrient foramina
C.
Endosteum
D.
Red bone marrow
E.
Yellow bone marrow
Question #30
If a clinician were looking to harvest bone marrow that made blood cells, which bone of a donor would be sampled?
A.
Phalanges
B.
Os coxa
C.
Distal head of femur
D.
Distal humerus
Question #31
Which is false regarding ligaments?
A.
Extrinsic ligaments are physically separate from the articular capsule.
B.
Ligaments are composed of dense regular connective tissue.
C.
Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage.
D.
Extracapsular ligaments are outside the articular capsule.
E.
Intracapsular ligaments are within the articular capsule.
Question #32
Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called
A.
menisci.
B.
fat pads.
C.
diarthroses.
D.
articular discs.
E.
bursae.
Question #33
The interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna is an example of a
A.
synarthrosis.
B.
synostosis.
C.
suture.
D.
synchondrosis.
E.
syndesmosis.
Question #34
The term "diarthrosis" refers to a joint that is
A.
immobile.
B.
freely mobile.
C.
fused.
D.
dislocated.
E.
slightly mobile.
Question #35
If you move your head in such a way to look up at the ceiling, you are ________ your neck.
A.
hyperextending
B.
elevating
C.
rotating
D.
flexing
E.
circumducting
Question #36
Rotation of the forearm so as to direct the palm anteriorly (as in anatomic position) is called
A.
supination.
B.
abduction.
C.
protraction.
D.
pronation.
E.
eversion.
Question #37
A.
Ball and socket
B.
Plane
C.
Condylar
D.
Saddle
E.
Pivot
Question #38
Which is not a cartilaginous joint?
A.
Intervertebral joint
B.
Second sternocostal joint
C.
Second costochondral joint
D.
First costochondral joint
E.
First sternocostal joint
Question #39
In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by
A.
dense irregular connective tissue.
B.
dense regular connective tissue.
C.
articular cartilage.
D.
fibrocartilage.
E.
areolar connective tissue.
Question #40
If you were to reach out your hand to receive a set of keys from someone, what movements of your forearm and hand would be involved?
A.
Pronation and adduction
B.
Eversion and abduction
C.
Depression and flexion
D.
Protraction and rotation
E.
Supination and extension
Question #41
The connection between a tooth and jaw bone is an example of a joint.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #42
The elbow is a ________ joint.
A.
hinge
B.
plane
C.
condyle
D.
saddle
Question #43
Gliding is an example of an angular motion.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #44
When the arm is raised anteriorly, the movement at the shoulder is
A.
extension.
B.
adduction.
C.
flexion.
D.
abduction.
E.
rotation.
Question #45
Clenching the fingers to make a fist, then relaxing and straightening them, is an example of ________ followed by ________.
A.
adduction; abduction
B.
flexion; extension
C.
abduction; adduction
D.
extension; hyperextension
E.
extension; flexion
Question #46
A.
dislocation.
B.
supination.
C.
hyperextension.
D.
hypertrophy.
E.
hyperflexion.
Question #47
A movement that increases or decreases the angle between two bones is a(n) ________ motion.
A.
rotational
B.
angular
C.
sliding
D.
eversion
Question #48
Based on its range of motion, the elbow is classified as a(n) ________ joint.
A.
gliding
B.
ellipsoid
C.
uniaxial
D.
multiaxial
E.
biaxial
Question #49
Which is not correct regarding articulations?
A.
Arthrology is the scientific study of articulations.
B.
An articulation is a joint between a bone and another bone, cartilage, or tooth.
C.
There are three structural categories of articulations.
D.
Articulations can range in motion from freely mobile to immobile.
E.
All articulations contain some type of cartilage.
Question #50
When elevating the mandible to chew food, the temporomandibular joint functions as a ________ joint.
A.
pivot
B.
hinge
C.
saddle
D.
ball and socket
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