A.   private goods

B.   common goods

C.   toll goods

D.   public goods

A.   monarchy

B.   totalitarian

C.   oligarchy

D.   direct democracy

A.   special interest groups make government policy

B.   wealthy, politically powerful people control government, and government has no interest in meeting the needs of ordinary people

C.   poor people and people of color should not be allowed to vote

D.   politicians who have held office for a long time are favored by voters

A.   government policy is formed as a result of the competition between groups with different goals and interests

B.   ordinary people acting on their own have a significant influence on government

C.   government does what the majority of voters want it to do

D.   wealthy people decide what government policy will be, and politicians have no interest in pleasing anyone else

A.   The government pleases environmental activists by preserving public lands but also pleases ranchers by allowing them to rent public lands for grazing purposes.

B.   The government pleases environmental activists by reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone National Park but angers ranchers by placing their cattle in danger.

C.   Groups that represent a variety of conflicting interests are all allowed to protest outside Congress and the White House.

D.   The government pleases oil companies by allowing them to drill on lands set aside for conservation but allows environmental activist groups to protest the drilling operations.

A.   social capital

B.   partisanship

C.   latent preference

D.   ideology

A.   partisanship

B.   intense preferences

C.   ideology

D.   latent preferences

A.   King James II

B.   John Locke

C.   James Madison

D.   Thomas Jefferson

A.   the divine right of kings

B.   a bill of rights

C.   due process

D.   the social contract

A.   It could not declare war?

B.   It could not coin money.

C.   It could not conduct foreign affairs.

D.   It could not impose taxes.

A.   Representation in the House of Representatives would be based on each state's population and every state would have two senators.

B.   Each state would have equal representation in both the House of Representatives and the Senate.

C.   Congress would be a unicameral legislature with each state receiving equal representation.

D.   Representation in both the House of Representatives and the Senate would be based on a state's popluation.

A.   It was agreed that Congress would abolish slavery in 1850.

B.   It was agreed that a state's slave population would be counted for purposes of both representation and taxation.

C.   It was agreed that a state's slave population would be counted for purposes of taxation but not for purposes of representation.

D.   It was agreed that a state's slave population would be counted for purposes of representation but not for purposes of taxation.

A.   To encourage New York to ratify the Constitution.

B.   To oppose the admission of slaveholding states to the federal union.

C.   To encourage people to vote for George Washington as the nation's first president.

D.   To encourage states to oppose the Constitution.

A.   It was easier to control the actions of one man than the actions of a group.

B.   That man would have to pass a religious test before he could become president; thus, citizens could be sure that he was of good character.

C.   One man could respond to crises more quickly than a group of men like Congress and it was easier to control the actions of one man than the actions of a group.

D.   One man could respond to crises more quickly than a group of men like Congress.

A.   one-half

B.   two-thirds

C.   three-fourths

D.   all

A.   first ten amendments to the Constitution that protect individual freedoms

B.   twenty-seven amendments added to the Constitution over the years

C.   powers given to Congress in Article I of the Constitution

D.   document authored by Thomas Jefferson that details the rights of all citizens

A.   In a federal system, the Constitution allocates powers between the states and the federal government; in a unitary system, powers are lodged in the national government.

B.   The United States and Japan have federal systems, while Great Britain and Canada have unitary systems.

C.   Today there are more countries with federal systems that with unitary systems.

D.   In a federal system, power is concentrated in the states; in a unitary system, it is concentrated in the national government.

A.   Between 30 and 40 percent of the revenue for local and state governments comes from grant money.

B.   Taxes generate well over one-half of the total revenue of local and state governments.

C.   Property taxes generate the most revenue for both local and state governments.

D.   Local and state governments generate an equal amount of revenue from issuing licenses and certificates.

A.   United States v. Lopez is a Supreme Court ruling that advanced the logic of new federalism.

B.   President Reagan was able to promote new federalism consistently throughout his administration.

C.   New federalism is based on the idea that decentralization of responsibility enhances administrative efficiency.

D.   New federalism was launched by President Nixon and continued by President Reagan.

A.   Cooperative federalism respects the traditional jurisdictional boundaries between the states and the federal government.

B.   Federal assistance ensures some degree of uniformity of public services across states.

C.   Federal assistance encourages state and local governments to generate positive externalities.

D.   Federal cooperation helps mitigate the problem of collective action among states.

A.   The majority of federal grants are block grants.

B.   Block grants tend to gain more flexibility over time.

C.   The amount of federal grant money going to states has steadily increased since the 1960s.

D.   The federal government allocates the most grant money to income security.

A.   The Unfunded Mandates Reform Act has prevented Congress from using unfunded mandates.

B.   Title VI of the Civil Rights Act establishes crosscutting requirements.

C.   New federalism does not promote the use of unfunded mandates.

D.   The Clean Air Act is a type of federal partial preemptive regulation.

A.   States' involvement in immigration is partly due to their interest in preventing illegal immigrants from accessing public services such as education and welfare benefits.

B.   The Arizona v. United States decision struck down all Arizona's most restrictive provisions on illegal immigration.

C.   Since the 1990s, states have increasingly moved into the policy domain of immigration.

D.   Federal immigration laws trump state laws.

A.   The federal government became involved in this issue when it passed DOMA.

B.   United States v. Windsor legalized same-sex marriage in the United States.

C.   In the 1990s and 2000s, the number of state restrictions on same-sex marriage increased.

D.   More than half the states had legalized  same-sex marriage by the time the Supreme Court made same-sex marriage legal nationwide in 2015.

A.   Federalism provides for multiple levels of government action.

B.   Federalism promotes political participation.

C.   Federalism accommodates a diversity of opinion.

D.   Federalism encourages economic equality across the country.

A.   taxing power and necessary and proper clause

B.   necessary and proper clause and supremacy clause

C.   Tenth Amendment and spending clause

D.   commerce clause and supremacy clause