Sociology 101 - Introduction to Sociology » Spring 2021 » Quiz 3 Chapter 5 and 6

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Question #1
Sociologically, what is the difference between a group and a crowd?
A.   Individuals associated with a group don’t have ongoing social relations.
B.   Individuals associated with a crowd remain in contact.
C.   Individuals associated with a group feel a shared identity and have ongoing social relations.
D.   Individuals associated with a group don’t share any common attributes.
Question #2
A characteristic of primary groups is that they
A.   are larger and more anonymous than secondary groups.
B.   are often formal or impersonal.
C.   tend to be based on specific roles or activities.
D.   involve a strong sense of belonging.
Question #3
The sense of solidarity or team spirit that an individual feels toward their group is called
A.   group cohesion.
B.   expressive leadership.
C.   anomie.
D.   instrumental leadership.
Question #4
Mark just bought a brand-new Subaru hybrid after driving a twenty-year-old car for a long time. He is really impressed with his new car and takes every opportunity to drive his friends around in it. Over the next year, three of his friends buy new Subarus and three others are seriously considering doing so. Which concept best describes what is happening in Mark’s network?
A.   contagion
B.   tie strength
C.   anomie
D.   high centrality
Question #5
Which of the following statements about crime and gender have been supported by data from the last decade?
A.   Women are equally likely as men to commit property crimes.
B.   Crime differentials between men and women can be attributed mostly to emotional and psychological differences.
C.   Women are equally likely as men to commit violent crimes.
D.   As women gain power in the labor market through education and income, crime rates among women rise to match those among men more closely.
Question #6
Individuals always feel loyalty toward their in-group, but under what circumstances would this loyalty be particularly strong?
A.   when the in-group is particularly large
B.   when the out-group is from a different city than the in-group
C.   when the differences between the in-group and the out-group are sharply defined
D.   when the individual has belonged to the in-group for a short time
Question #7
Some Americans are angry about how many immigrants enter the country every year. A supporter of structural functionalism would argue that this anger
A.   is unequally distributed, since it is mainly aimed at poor and working-class immigrants.
B.   is a form of cyberbullying, since the anger is generally expressed online.
C.   promotes social cohesion among nonimmigrants as they come together and label immigrants as outsiders.
D.   hurts the economy by preventing immigration.
Question #8
What do we call norm violations that are codified into law?
A.   violent crimes
B.   crimes
C.   taboos
D.   mores
Question #9
Which of the following is true regarding prison as a mechanism for punishing crime?
A.   Prison is commonly used as a punishment because it is extremely cost-effective.
B.   Historically, only humane and ethical societies have used prison as a form of punishment.
C.   Prison was rarely used before the nineteenth century.
D.   Throughout history, most societies have used prison to punish the most serious crimes.
Question #10
The mother of a university student encourages her son to join a fraternity. She hopes that peer pressure and groupthink may lead her son to do things he hasn’t tried before, such as volunteering and attending formal events. What perspective best describes her views?
A.   coercive power
B.   structural functionalism
C.   symbolic interactionism
D.   conflict theory
Question #11
There are several ways in which gays and lesbians in the United States have chosen to manage their stigma. What strategy are gay rights activists using when they chant the slogan “We’re here, we’re queer, get used to it”?
A.   assimilation
B.   bureaucratic mediation
C.   passing
D.   in-group orientation
Question #12
Who is MOST likely to commit murder according to the Uniform Crime Report?
A.   dating partner
B.   gang member
C.   friend or relative
D.   stranger
Question #13
A twenty-eight-year-old woman is on the verge of a big promotion at work. She didn’t finish college until she was twenty-five, and the entry-level job she currently has is unimpressive. She decides to attend her ten-year high school reunion only if she is promoted. What do sociologists say her high school classmates represent if they can have this much influence on her decision to attend the reunion?
A.   a primary group
B.   a reference group
C.   a virtual community
D.   an out-group
Question #14
A college professor has a large collection of controversial counterculture T-shirts, but makes sure to never wear these shirts to class. What is this kind of conformity called?
A.   identification
B.   compliance
C.   groupthink
D.   internalization
Question #15
A producer for a cable news show is feeling insecure. She complains to her boss that she isn’t very smart and that she only does well because she’s scared of being yelled at. Her boss tells her to stop whining and not worry about it. He says, “I’m a results guy. I don’t care why it works as long as it works!” What leadership style do you think her boss has?
A.   instrumental
B.   expressive
C.   charismatic
D.   legal-rational
Question #16
Charismatic authority is unlike either traditional authority or legal-rational authority in that it is rooted in
A.   birthright.
B.   an economic system that focuses on rules and regulations.
C.   the efficiency and rationality of a particular way of doing things.
D.   the personal qualities of a leader.
Question #17
What term describes “actions considered deviant within a given context but are later reinterpreted as appropriate or even heroic”?
A.   anti-deviance
B.   appropriate deviance
C.   heroic deviance
D.   positive deviance
Question #18
What might a conflict theorist conclude about deviance if an upper-middle-class white college student is sentenced to rehab for the same drug crime that a lower-class black man is sentenced to jail for committing?
A.   The two criminals probably had very different motives for committing their crimes, and this explains the difference in punishment.
B.   The rules are applied unequally, and those with power or influence are punished much less harshly than others.
C.   Different levels of punishment are functional, as they keep the most productive members of society out of jail.
D.   Criminals from the lower class should be more harshly punished, as they are more likely to re-offend.
Question #19
A high school decides that its band should wear uniforms. The school only buys uniforms in three sizes to be more efficient and forces each student to pick the size that comes closest to fitting. What does this exemplify?
A.   virtual communities
B.   network theory
C.   group dynamics
D.   rationalization
Question #20
Why does Elijah Anderson, in his book Streetwise, argue that young African American men are more likely to be arrested?
A.   They are more likely to engage in deviant behavior.
B.   They commit more flagrant crimes.
C.   They are more likely to be poor.
D.   They are perceived as more criminal than others.
Question #21
________ suggests that individuals learn to be deviant by interacting with others who are already deviant.
A.   Self-fulfilling prophecy
B.   Differential association theory
C.   Labeling theory
D.   Conflict theory
Question #22
Which of the following describes how deviance can be explained from the functionalist perspective?
A.   Deviance helps the upper class maintain its power and influence in society.
B.   Deviance clarifies moral boundaries and affirms norms.
C.   Deviance breaks down social cohesion and leads to revolution.
D.   Deviance makes it easier for the upper class to control the poor.
Question #23
The vast majority of crimes come to the attention of the police in response to citizen complaints. Citizens do not usually bother to inform the authorities if they do not think a crime is serious enough or feel that nothing can be done. This means that there might be serious bias in the
A.   way conflict theorists understand deviance.
B.   value of punishment for deterrence.
C.   symbolic interactionist theory of deviance.
D.   Uniform Crime Report.
Question #24
Which of the following would sociologists consider the best definition of deviance?
A.   immoral or unethical behaviors
B.   actions that are harmful to society
C.   criminal activities
D.   violations of social norms
Question #25
What is one of the principal reasons people turn to deviant behavior in the United States, according to the structural strain theory of deviance as articulated by Robert Merton?
A.   There are a lot of people with inborn antisocial tendencies.
B.   The goal of success is shared by a majority of people, but not everyone has equal means for achieving that goal.
C.   American society is very lax in enforcing laws.
D.   The media sensationalizes deviant behavior, which is why it becomes increasingly attractive to young people.

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