A.   Americans are much less likely to join political and social organizations than people in other countries, but America has far more organized interest groups than other countries.

B.   Americans are much more likely to join political and social organizations than people in other countries, but America has far fewer organized interest groups than other countries.

C.   Americans are much less likely to join political and social organizations than people in other countries, and America has far fewer organized interest groups than other countries.

D.   Americans are much more likely to join political and social organizations than people in other countries, and America has far more organized interest groups than other countries.

A.   unlike other interest groups, their status is like that of a charity, not a political organization.

B.   they were the first group to abandon lobbying and take up only grassroots activism.

C.   they claim to serve the common good, not just their own particular interests.

D.   they were the first political associations to use the strategy of direct mailing.

A.   33%

B.   25%

C.   more than 50%

D.   less than 1%

A.   ideological

B.   labor

C.   business

D.   professional

A.   labor.

B.   ideological groups.

C.   professional associations.

D.   think tanks.

A.   interest groups should be free to compete for governmental influence.

B.   that the public good should always trump individual interests.

C.   that all interest groups are guaranteed political equality.

D.   interest groups are factions that endanger liberty.

A.   they lack interest in job programs or in affordable housing required for organization.

B.   they lack the pluralist vision and interest in policy outcomes required for organization.

C.   they lack interest in organization and in policy outcomes.

D.   they lack the resources, money, time, and skills required for organization.

A.   solidarity benefit.

B.   international benefit.

C.   material benefit.

D.   collective good.

A.   international benefits

B.   informational benefits

C.   material benefit

D.   purposive benefit

A.   special services and goods.

B.   information and money.

C.   professional accreditation.

D.   friendship and consciousness raising.

A.   solidary benefit.

B.   material benefit.

C.   purposive benefit.

D.   promotion offer.

A.   an outside strategy.

B.   a ballot initiative.

C.   institutional advertising.

D.   lobbying.

A.   ballot initiative.

B.   PAC.

C.   iron triangle.

D.   issue network.

A.   an attempt by an individual or group to influence the passage of legislation by exerting indirect pressure, through advertisements and media coverage, on members of Congress or a state legislature.

B.   an attempt by an individual or group to influence the passage of legislation by exerting direct pressure on members of Congress or a state legislature.

C.   the act of working on a re-election campaign.

D.   an attempt by an individual or group to influence the passage of legislation by exerting indirect pressure, through phone calls or emails, on members of Congress or a state legislature.

A.   litigation

B.   electoral politics

C.   lobbying

D.   protesting

A.   encourage administrative agencies to engage in direct and open negotiations with affected interests when developing new regulations.

B.   reduce the number of lawsuits by encouraging interest groups to solve conflicts with administrative agencies through mediation.

C.   forbid lobbying of administrative agencies.

D.   eliminate iron triangles.

A.   organizes grassroots mobilizations against administrative agencies and congressional incumbents.

B.   files formal lawsuits and amicus briefs against administrative agencies and congressional incumbents.

C.   provides campaign contributions to members of Congress and lobbies for larger administrative agency budgets.

D.   is legally excluded from any interactions with congressional committees and administrative agencies.

A.   National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

B.   Congress of Racial Equality

C.   American Civil Liberties Union

D.   Human Rights Campaign

A.   Tea Party

B.   Department of Justice

C.   American Civil Liberties Union

D.   New Politics movement

A.   an interest group buys advertisements in newspapers around the country in order to publicize an issue.

B.   interest groups organize to support a dark-horse presidential candidate.

C.   a spontaneous show of political support for a particular position manifests itself.

D.   an interest group mobilizes its members throughout the country to write their representatives in support of the group’s position.

A.   prohibited any political activity from 527 committees.

B.   did not restrict PACs in any significant way.

C.   banned PACs.

D.   limited PAC donations to $10,000.

A.   litigation

B.   setting up a Super PAC and donating to campaigns

C.   using material benefits to expand group numbers

D.   lobbying a member of a regulatory agency

A.   mobilize public opinion.

B.   conduct partisan politics.

C.   pursue litigation.

D.   lobby officials.

A.   limits the ability of the group to influence policy.

B.   is a resource that contributes to the group’s effectiveness.

C.   reduces the amount of resources the group can acquire.

D.   creates a lack of talent in the recruitment of new members.

A.   Karl Rove

B.   Valerie Plame

C.   Jack Abramoff

D.   Paul Wolfowitz

A.   less need for lobbyists

B.   more financial resources

C.   more public funding for their activities

D.   more grassroots members

A.   labor

B.   business

C.   ideological

D.   public interest

A.   public-sector groups.

B.   labor groups.

C.   ideological groups.

D.   businesses and corporations.

A.   public interest

B.   business

C.   labor

D.   ideological

A.   government groups.

B.   public interest groups.

C.   citizen groups.

D.   think tanks

A.   potential

B.   grassroots

C.   public

D.   citizen

A.   who identify as Democrats.

B.   from the lower socioeconomic levels.

C.   with higher levels of income and education.

D.   who work in manual labor and unskilled occupations.

A.   free-rider; collective goods

B.   free-rider; selective benefits

C.   principal-agent; selective benefits

D.   principal-agent; collective goods

A.   purposive benefits

B.   informational benefits

C.   international benefits

D.   material benefits

A.   members of Congress listen only to organized interest groups and not to public-opinion polls.

B.   the benefits of a group’s actions are available only to a specific segment of society.

C.   members of Congress are presented with many opportunities to amend a piece of legislation.

D.   the benefits of a group’s actions are broadly available and cannot be denied to nonmembers.

A.   newsletter

B.   health insurance program

C.   consciousness-raising workshop

D.   free T-shirt

A.   a network that attempts to raise a great deal of money from corporations, unions, and individuals to fund election candidates

B.   a network of individuals seeking to improve the environment that is made up of governors, environmental activists, climate change interest groups

C.     

D.   a network of individuals from various business groups and interest groups, each representing different issues

E.   a network of interest groups and elected officials that seek to reform a set of policies on a diverse set of issues

A.   protesting at the White House

B.   lobbying the executive branch

C.   lobbying Congress

D.   litigating a case in court

A.   internal rules of Congress.

B.   the First Amendment.

C.   state and federal laws dating from the 1930s.

D.   a 1961 Supreme Court decision.

A.     

B.   permits interest groups to spend an unlimited amount of money on issue advocacy during a campaign.

C.   requires agencies to create opportunities for public comments before implementing new rules and regulations.

D.   extends First Amendment protection to interest groups trying to lobby executive agencies.

E.   allows former agency officials to work for the industries they had regulated within six months of leaving government service.

A.   a legislative committee, an interest group, and an executive agency.

B.   the media, a legislative committee, and the federal courts.

C.   a legislative committee, an executive agency, and the federal courts.

D.   the federal courts, the state courts, and interest groups.

E.     

A.   opposes the agency’s budgetary requests and the programs the interest group favors.q

B.   supports the agency’s budgetary requests and the programs the interest group favors.

C.   is legally excluded from any interactions with interest groups and administrative agencies.

D.   files formal lawsuits and amicus briefs against administrative agencies and interest groups.

A.   directly lobbying judges, using direct-mail solicitations, and making campaign contributions to members of Congress.

B.   filing amicus curiae briefs, financing lawsuits, and bringing a suit on behalf of the group.

C.   engaging in institutional advertising, activating issue networks, and directly lobbying judges.

D.     

E.   working with 527 committees, directly lobbying judges, and engaging in institutional advertising.

A.   Going public

B.   Creating a “war room”

C.   Litigation

D.   Creating an iron triangle

A.   $1,000

B.   $7,500

C.   $5,000

D.   $2,800

A.   prohibited 527s and Super PACs from donating to electoral campaigns but increased the amount of money interest groups could contribute.

B.   dramatically increased the flow of money from interest groups, 527s, and Super PACs into politics and electoral campaigns.

C.   prohibited interest groups from donating to electoral campaigns but increased the amount of money 527s and Super PACs could contribute.

D.   dramatically decreased the flow of money from interest groups, 527s, and Super PACs into politics and electoral campaigns.

A.   Lobbying involves advertising in order to create a positive image of an organization.

B.   Lobbying is the least expensive and the most democratic strategy of influencing government.

C.   Lobbyists try to exert pressure directly on government officials themselves.

D.   Lobbying is the only form of influence that has explicit First Amendment protection from regulation.

A.   build better networks between interest groups and political parties.

B.   raise and distribute money to election campaigns.

C.   raise grassroots support for a particular interest.

D.   produce and carry out an institutional advertising campaign.

A.   400,000

B.   40 million

C.   4 million

D.   $40,000

A.   government groups

B.   citizen groups

C.   the homeless and the poor

D.   corporate and professional groups

A.   eliminated the requirement that lobbyists register with Congress.

B.   allowed businesses to deduct lobbying costs as a business expense.

C.   lifted all limits on the number of gifts lobbyists could give members of Congress.

D.   banned the practice of lobbyists giving members of Congress an honorarium for giving speeches.

A.   political action committees can contribute $500,000 to any candidate for federal office in any primary or general election.

B.   each candidate or campaign committee is required to itemize the full name and address, occupation, and principal business of each person who contributes more than $200.

C.   individuals may contribute up $15,000 to any candidate for federal office in any primary or general election.

D.   unrestricted “soft money” donations to the national political parties would be eliminated.

A.   $500,000

B.   $50,000

C.   $5,000

D.   $500

A.   an issue network.

B.   an iron triangle.

C.   a membership association.

D.   the New Politics movement.

A.   money

B.   information

C.   campaign workers

D.   legal assistance

A.   these types of “outsider” strategies can be quite effective.

B.   it is the most conventional form of participation.

C.   they are an effective use of insider strategies.

D.   they are primary interested in material benefits.

A.   solidary benefit.

B.   purposive benefit.

C.   material benefit.

D.   collective good.

A.   free rider.

B.   purposive benefit.

C.   collective good.

D.   solidary benefit.

A.   purposive benefits

B.   solidarity benefits

C.   material benefits

D.   informational benefits

A.   government programs that distribute food, housing, or monetary assistance to people who make less than a predetermined amount of money each year.

B.   incentives that interest groups make available only to those people who are members of their organizations.

C.   government programs that provide tax cuts for people at the top of the income distribution.

D.   incentives that interest groups distribute to people who do not belong to their organizations in order to win public support for their causes.