A.   Americans are much less likely to join political and social organizations than people in other countries, and America has far fewer organized interest groups than other countries.

B.   Americans are much more likely to join political and social organizations than people in other countries, and America has far more organized interest groups than other countries.

C.   Americans are much more likely to join political and social organizations than people in other countries, but America has far fewer organized interest groups than other countries.

D.   Americans are much less likely to join political and social organizations than people in other countries, but America has far more organized interest groups than other countries.

A.   they were the first group to abandon lobbying and take up only grassroots activism.

B.   unlike other interest groups, their status is like that of a charity, not a political organization.

C.   they were the first political associations to use the strategy of direct mailing.

D.   they claim to serve the common good, not just their own particular interests.

A.   25%

B.   more than 50%

C.   less than 1%

D.   33%

A.   professional

B.   labor

C.   business

D.   ideological

A.   ideological groups.

B.   think tanks.

C.   professional associations.

D.   labor.

A.   interest groups are factions that endanger liberty.

B.   that the public good should always trump individual interests.

C.   interest groups should be free to compete for governmental influence.

D.   that all interest groups are guaranteed political equality.

A.   they lack interest in job programs or in affordable housing required for organization.

B.   they lack the resources, money, time, and skills required for organization.

C.   they lack the pluralist vision and interest in policy outcomes required for organization.

D.   they lack interest in organization and in policy outcomes.

A.   material benefit.

B.   collective good.

C.   international benefit.

D.   solidarity benefit.

A.   material benefit

B.   purposive benefit

C.   international benefits

D.   informational benefits

A.   special services and goods.

B.   friendship and consciousness raising.

C.   information and money.

D.   professional accreditation.

A.   solidary benefit.

B.   purposive benefit.

C.   material benefit.

D.   promotion offer.

A.   a ballot initiative.

B.   institutional advertising.

C.   an outside strategy.

D.   lobbying.

A.   PAC.

B.   iron triangle.

C.   ballot initiative.

D.   issue network.

A.   the act of working on a re-election campaign.

B.   an attempt by an individual or group to influence the passage of legislation by exerting direct pressure on members of Congress or a state legislature.

C.   an attempt by an individual or group to influence the passage of legislation by exerting indirect pressure, through advertisements and media coverage, on members of Congress or a state legislature.

D.   an attempt by an individual or group to influence the passage of legislation by exerting indirect pressure, through phone calls or emails, on members of Congress or a state legislature.

A.   litigation

B.   lobbying

C.   protesting

D.   electoral politics

A.   forbid lobbying of administrative agencies.

B.   encourage administrative agencies to engage in direct and open negotiations with affected interests when developing new regulations.

C.   eliminate iron triangles.

D.   reduce the number of lawsuits by encouraging interest groups to solve conflicts with administrative agencies through mediation.

A.   files formal lawsuits and amicus briefs against administrative agencies and congressional incumbents.

B.   provides campaign contributions to members of Congress and lobbies for larger administrative agency budgets.

C.   organizes grassroots mobilizations against administrative agencies and congressional incumbents.

D.   is legally excluded from any interactions with congressional committees and administrative agencies.

A.   Congress of Racial Equality

B.   National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

C.   American Civil Liberties Union

D.   Human Rights Campaign

A.   New Politics movement

B.   American Civil Liberties Union

C.   Tea Party

D.   Department of Justice

A.   an interest group buys advertisements in newspapers around the country in order to publicize an issue.

B.   a spontaneous show of political support for a particular position manifests itself.

C.   an interest group mobilizes its members throughout the country to write their representatives in support of the group’s position.

D.   interest groups organize to support a dark-horse presidential candidate.

A.   did not restrict PACs in any significant way.

B.   limited PAC donations to $10,000.

C.   banned PACs.

D.   prohibited any political activity from 527 committees.

A.   lobbying a member of a regulatory agency

B.   litigation

C.   using material benefits to expand group numbers

D.   setting up a Super PAC and donating to campaigns

A.   lobby officials.

B.   pursue litigation.

C.   mobilize public opinion.

D.   conduct partisan politics.

A.   limits the ability of the group to influence policy.

B.   creates a lack of talent in the recruitment of new members.

C.   is a resource that contributes to the group’s effectiveness.

D.   reduces the amount of resources the group can acquire.

A.   Jack Abramoff

B.   Valerie Plame

C.   Karl Rove

D.   Paul Wolfowitz

A.   more public funding for their activities

B.   more grassroots members

C.   more financial resources

D.   less need for lobbyists

A.   ideological

B.   labor

C.   public interest

D.   business

A.   public-sector groups.

B.   businesses and corporations.

C.   labor groups.

D.   ideological groups.

A.   business

B.   ideological

C.   public interest

D.   labor

A.   government groups.

B.   citizen groups.

C.   think tanks

D.   public interest groups.

A.   citizen

B.   grassroots

C.   public

D.   potential

A.   from the lower socioeconomic levels.

B.   with higher levels of income and education.

C.   who work in manual labor and unskilled occupations.

D.   who identify as Democrats.

A.   principal-agent; selective benefits

B.   free-rider; collective goods

C.   free-rider; selective benefits

D.   principal-agent; collective goods

A.   informational benefits

B.   material benefits

C.   international benefits

D.   purposive benefits

A.   the benefits of a group’s actions are broadly available and cannot be denied to nonmembers.

B.   members of Congress are presented with many opportunities to amend a piece of legislation.

C.   the benefits of a group’s actions are available only to a specific segment of society.

D.   members of Congress listen only to organized interest groups and not to public-opinion polls.

A.   newsletter

B.   consciousness-raising workshop

C.   free T-shirt

D.   health insurance program

A.   a network of individuals seeking to improve the environment that is made up of governors, environmental activists, climate change interest groups

B.     

C.   a network of individuals from various business groups and interest groups, each representing different issues

D.   a network that attempts to raise a great deal of money from corporations, unions, and individuals to fund election candidates

E.   a network of interest groups and elected officials that seek to reform a set of policies on a diverse set of issues

A.   protesting at the White House

B.   litigating a case in court

C.   lobbying the executive branch

D.   lobbying Congress

A.   internal rules of Congress.

B.   the First Amendment.

C.   a 1961 Supreme Court decision.

D.   state and federal laws dating from the 1930s.

A.   allows former agency officials to work for the industries they had regulated within six months of leaving government service.

B.   permits interest groups to spend an unlimited amount of money on issue advocacy during a campaign.

C.   extends First Amendment protection to interest groups trying to lobby executive agencies.

D.   requires agencies to create opportunities for public comments before implementing new rules and regulations.

E.     

A.     

B.   the media, a legislative committee, and the federal courts.

C.   the federal courts, the state courts, and interest groups.

D.   a legislative committee, an interest group, and an executive agency.

E.   a legislative committee, an executive agency, and the federal courts.

A.   supports the agency’s budgetary requests and the programs the interest group favors.

B.   opposes the agency’s budgetary requests and the programs the interest group favors.q

C.   is legally excluded from any interactions with interest groups and administrative agencies.

D.   files formal lawsuits and amicus briefs against administrative agencies and interest groups.

A.   filing amicus curiae briefs, financing lawsuits, and bringing a suit on behalf of the group.

B.   directly lobbying judges, using direct-mail solicitations, and making campaign contributions to members of Congress.

C.   engaging in institutional advertising, activating issue networks, and directly lobbying judges.

D.   working with 527 committees, directly lobbying judges, and engaging in institutional advertising.

E.     

A.   Litigation

B.   Creating a “war room”

C.   Going public

D.   Creating an iron triangle

A.   $1,000

B.   $5,000

C.   $2,800

D.   $7,500

A.   dramatically decreased the flow of money from interest groups, 527s, and Super PACs into politics and electoral campaigns.

B.   prohibited 527s and Super PACs from donating to electoral campaigns but increased the amount of money interest groups could contribute.

C.   prohibited interest groups from donating to electoral campaigns but increased the amount of money 527s and Super PACs could contribute.

D.   dramatically increased the flow of money from interest groups, 527s, and Super PACs into politics and electoral campaigns.

A.   Lobbying involves advertising in order to create a positive image of an organization.

B.   Lobbying is the least expensive and the most democratic strategy of influencing government.

C.   Lobbyists try to exert pressure directly on government officials themselves.

D.   Lobbying is the only form of influence that has explicit First Amendment protection from regulation.

A.   produce and carry out an institutional advertising campaign.

B.   raise and distribute money to election campaigns.

C.   build better networks between interest groups and political parties.

D.   raise grassroots support for a particular interest.

A.   400,000

B.   4 million

C.   $40,000

D.   40 million

A.   government groups

B.   the homeless and the poor

C.   citizen groups

D.   corporate and professional groups

A.   banned the practice of lobbyists giving members of Congress an honorarium for giving speeches.

B.   allowed businesses to deduct lobbying costs as a business expense.

C.   eliminated the requirement that lobbyists register with Congress.

D.   lifted all limits on the number of gifts lobbyists could give members of Congress.

A.   individuals may contribute up $15,000 to any candidate for federal office in any primary or general election.

B.   each candidate or campaign committee is required to itemize the full name and address, occupation, and principal business of each person who contributes more than $200.

C.   political action committees can contribute $500,000 to any candidate for federal office in any primary or general election.

D.   unrestricted “soft money” donations to the national political parties would be eliminated.

A.   $500,000

B.   $500

C.   $50,000

D.   $5,000

A.   the New Politics movement.

B.   an iron triangle.

C.   a membership association.

D.   an issue network.

A.   money

B.   campaign workers

C.   information

D.   legal assistance

A.   they are primary interested in material benefits.

B.   it is the most conventional form of participation.

C.   they are an effective use of insider strategies.

D.   these types of “outsider” strategies can be quite effective.

A.   purposive benefit.

B.   material benefit.

C.   solidary benefit.

D.   collective good.

A.   purposive benefit.

B.   collective good.

C.   free rider.

D.   solidary benefit.

A.   solidarity benefits

B.   material benefits

C.   purposive benefits

D.   informational benefits

A.   incentives that interest groups make available only to those people who are members of their organizations.

B.   government programs that provide tax cuts for people at the top of the income distribution.

C.   incentives that interest groups distribute to people who do not belong to their organizations in order to win public support for their causes.

D.   government programs that distribute food, housing, or monetary assistance to people who make less than a predetermined amount of money each year.