A.   Americans are much more likely to join political and social organizations than people in other countries, but America has far fewer organized interest groups than other countries.

B.   Americans are much less likely to join political and social organizations than people in other countries, but America has far more organized interest groups than other countries.

C.   Americans are much less likely to join political and social organizations than people in other countries, and America has far fewer organized interest groups than other countries.

D.   Americans are much more likely to join political and social organizations than people in other countries, and America has far more organized interest groups than other countries.

A.   they were the first political associations to use the strategy of direct mailing.

B.   they were the first group to abandon lobbying and take up only grassroots activism.

C.   they claim to serve the common good, not just their own particular interests.

D.   unlike other interest groups, their status is like that of a charity, not a political organization.

A.   33%

B.   25%

C.   less than 1%

D.   more than 50%

A.   labor

B.   business

C.   professional

D.   ideological

A.   ideological groups.

B.   labor.

C.   think tanks.

D.   professional associations.

A.   interest groups are factions that endanger liberty.

B.   that all interest groups are guaranteed political equality.

C.   that the public good should always trump individual interests.

D.   interest groups should be free to compete for governmental influence.

A.   they lack interest in job programs or in affordable housing required for organization.

B.   they lack the pluralist vision and interest in policy outcomes required for organization.

C.   they lack interest in organization and in policy outcomes.

D.   they lack the resources, money, time, and skills required for organization.

A.   solidarity benefit.

B.   collective good.

C.   international benefit.

D.   material benefit.

A.   material benefit

B.   informational benefits

C.   purposive benefit

D.   international benefits

A.   information and money.

B.   special services and goods.

C.   professional accreditation.

D.   friendship and consciousness raising.

A.   promotion offer.

B.   material benefit.

C.   purposive benefit.

D.   solidary benefit.

A.   a ballot initiative.

B.   lobbying.

C.   institutional advertising.

D.   an outside strategy.

A.   issue network.

B.   PAC.

C.   iron triangle.

D.   ballot initiative.

A.   an attempt by an individual or group to influence the passage of legislation by exerting indirect pressure, through advertisements and media coverage, on members of Congress or a state legislature.

B.   an attempt by an individual or group to influence the passage of legislation by exerting direct pressure on members of Congress or a state legislature.

C.   the act of working on a re-election campaign.

D.   an attempt by an individual or group to influence the passage of legislation by exerting indirect pressure, through phone calls or emails, on members of Congress or a state legislature.

A.   lobbying

B.   litigation

C.   electoral politics

D.   protesting

A.   eliminate iron triangles.

B.   encourage administrative agencies to engage in direct and open negotiations with affected interests when developing new regulations.

C.   reduce the number of lawsuits by encouraging interest groups to solve conflicts with administrative agencies through mediation.

D.   forbid lobbying of administrative agencies.

A.   files formal lawsuits and amicus briefs against administrative agencies and congressional incumbents.

B.   is legally excluded from any interactions with congressional committees and administrative agencies.

C.   organizes grassroots mobilizations against administrative agencies and congressional incumbents.

D.   provides campaign contributions to members of Congress and lobbies for larger administrative agency budgets.

A.   National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

B.   Congress of Racial Equality

C.   Human Rights Campaign

D.   American Civil Liberties Union

A.   American Civil Liberties Union

B.   Department of Justice

C.   Tea Party

D.   New Politics movement

A.   an interest group buys advertisements in newspapers around the country in order to publicize an issue.

B.   an interest group mobilizes its members throughout the country to write their representatives in support of the group’s position.

C.   a spontaneous show of political support for a particular position manifests itself.

D.   interest groups organize to support a dark-horse presidential candidate.

A.   limited PAC donations to $10,000.

B.   prohibited any political activity from 527 committees.

C.   did not restrict PACs in any significant way.

D.   banned PACs.

A.   litigation

B.   setting up a Super PAC and donating to campaigns

C.   lobbying a member of a regulatory agency

D.   using material benefits to expand group numbers

A.   conduct partisan politics.

B.   lobby officials.

C.   mobilize public opinion.

D.   pursue litigation.

A.   is a resource that contributes to the group’s effectiveness.

B.   creates a lack of talent in the recruitment of new members.

C.   limits the ability of the group to influence policy.

D.   reduces the amount of resources the group can acquire.

A.   Paul Wolfowitz

B.   Karl Rove

C.   Jack Abramoff

D.   Valerie Plame

A.   more financial resources

B.   less need for lobbyists

C.   more grassroots members

D.   more public funding for their activities

A.   labor

B.   business

C.   ideological

D.   public interest

A.   labor groups.

B.   public-sector groups.

C.   businesses and corporations.

D.   ideological groups.

A.   business

B.   public interest

C.   ideological

D.   labor

A.   public interest groups.

B.   think tanks

C.   citizen groups.

D.   government groups.

A.   citizen

B.   public

C.   grassroots

D.   potential

A.   who work in manual labor and unskilled occupations.

B.   who identify as Democrats.

C.   with higher levels of income and education.

D.   from the lower socioeconomic levels.

A.   free-rider; collective goods

B.   free-rider; selective benefits

C.   principal-agent; collective goods

D.   principal-agent; selective benefits

A.   purposive benefits

B.   international benefits

C.   material benefits

D.   informational benefits

A.   members of Congress are presented with many opportunities to amend a piece of legislation.

B.   the benefits of a group’s actions are available only to a specific segment of society.

C.   the benefits of a group’s actions are broadly available and cannot be denied to nonmembers.

D.   members of Congress listen only to organized interest groups and not to public-opinion polls.

A.   free T-shirt

B.   health insurance program

C.   consciousness-raising workshop

D.   newsletter

A.   a network of interest groups and elected officials that seek to reform a set of policies on a diverse set of issues

B.   a network of individuals from various business groups and interest groups, each representing different issues

C.     

D.   a network of individuals seeking to improve the environment that is made up of governors, environmental activists, climate change interest groups

E.   a network that attempts to raise a great deal of money from corporations, unions, and individuals to fund election candidates

A.   lobbying the executive branch

B.   protesting at the White House

C.   litigating a case in court

D.   lobbying Congress

A.   internal rules of Congress.

B.   a 1961 Supreme Court decision.

C.   state and federal laws dating from the 1930s.

D.   the First Amendment.

A.     

B.   permits interest groups to spend an unlimited amount of money on issue advocacy during a campaign.

C.   requires agencies to create opportunities for public comments before implementing new rules and regulations.

D.   allows former agency officials to work for the industries they had regulated within six months of leaving government service.

E.   extends First Amendment protection to interest groups trying to lobby executive agencies.

A.   the media, a legislative committee, and the federal courts.

B.   a legislative committee, an executive agency, and the federal courts.

C.   a legislative committee, an interest group, and an executive agency.

D.   the federal courts, the state courts, and interest groups.

E.     

A.   is legally excluded from any interactions with interest groups and administrative agencies.

B.   opposes the agency’s budgetary requests and the programs the interest group favors.q

C.   supports the agency’s budgetary requests and the programs the interest group favors.

D.   files formal lawsuits and amicus briefs against administrative agencies and interest groups.

A.   engaging in institutional advertising, activating issue networks, and directly lobbying judges.

B.   directly lobbying judges, using direct-mail solicitations, and making campaign contributions to members of Congress.

C.   working with 527 committees, directly lobbying judges, and engaging in institutional advertising.

D.   filing amicus curiae briefs, financing lawsuits, and bringing a suit on behalf of the group.

E.     

A.   Creating a “war room”

B.   Creating an iron triangle

C.   Going public

D.   Litigation

A.   $2,800

B.   $5,000

C.   $7,500

D.   $1,000

A.   prohibited 527s and Super PACs from donating to electoral campaigns but increased the amount of money interest groups could contribute.

B.   prohibited interest groups from donating to electoral campaigns but increased the amount of money 527s and Super PACs could contribute.

C.   dramatically decreased the flow of money from interest groups, 527s, and Super PACs into politics and electoral campaigns.

D.   dramatically increased the flow of money from interest groups, 527s, and Super PACs into politics and electoral campaigns.

A.   Lobbyists try to exert pressure directly on government officials themselves.

B.   Lobbying involves advertising in order to create a positive image of an organization.

C.   Lobbying is the only form of influence that has explicit First Amendment protection from regulation.

D.   Lobbying is the least expensive and the most democratic strategy of influencing government.

A.   produce and carry out an institutional advertising campaign.

B.   build better networks between interest groups and political parties.

C.   raise grassroots support for a particular interest.

D.   raise and distribute money to election campaigns.

A.   $40,000

B.   400,000

C.   4 million

D.   40 million

A.   corporate and professional groups

B.   government groups

C.   the homeless and the poor

D.   citizen groups

A.   banned the practice of lobbyists giving members of Congress an honorarium for giving speeches.

B.   allowed businesses to deduct lobbying costs as a business expense.

C.   eliminated the requirement that lobbyists register with Congress.

D.   lifted all limits on the number of gifts lobbyists could give members of Congress.

A.   individuals may contribute up $15,000 to any candidate for federal office in any primary or general election.

B.   unrestricted “soft money” donations to the national political parties would be eliminated.

C.   political action committees can contribute $500,000 to any candidate for federal office in any primary or general election.

D.   each candidate or campaign committee is required to itemize the full name and address, occupation, and principal business of each person who contributes more than $200.

A.   $500

B.   $50,000

C.   $5,000

D.   $500,000

A.   an issue network.

B.   the New Politics movement.

C.   a membership association.

D.   an iron triangle.

A.   money

B.   information

C.   campaign workers

D.   legal assistance

A.   these types of “outsider” strategies can be quite effective.

B.   it is the most conventional form of participation.

C.   they are primary interested in material benefits.

D.   they are an effective use of insider strategies.

A.   solidary benefit.

B.   collective good.

C.   purposive benefit.

D.   material benefit.

A.   free rider.

B.   solidary benefit.

C.   collective good.

D.   purposive benefit.

A.   purposive benefits

B.   material benefits

C.   solidarity benefits

D.   informational benefits

A.   incentives that interest groups distribute to people who do not belong to their organizations in order to win public support for their causes.

B.   government programs that distribute food, housing, or monetary assistance to people who make less than a predetermined amount of money each year.

C.   government programs that provide tax cuts for people at the top of the income distribution.

D.   incentives that interest groups make available only to those people who are members of their organizations.