A.   that falls under section 501(c)(4) of the U.S. tax code.

B.   that tries to influence the government by getting its members elected to office.

C.   established by the Constitution to nominate candidates.

D.   that collects fees from its members in order to pay the salaries of government officials.

A.   a patronage system.

B.   a system that is not partisan.

C.   a system of interest groups instead of parties.

D.   a system with responsible political parties.

A.   candidates can only win elections if they receive a majority of the overall votes.

B.   each political party receives an equal number of seats in the legislature.

C.   seats in the legislature are allocated to political parties based on their share of the total vote cast in the election.

D.   every candidate who receives above a certain percentage of the vote (usually set at 20%) is awarded a seat in the legislature.

A.   a system in which political parties act at two levels; a local level more responsive to members, and a national level more responsive to country-wide interests and groups

B.   a system in which only two parties have a realistic opportunity to compete effectively for control

C.   a system, laid out in the Constitution, that calls for only two major parties to compete in most elections

D.   a system in which political parties tend to form factions within themselves, that is to say, a single political party forming a liberal and a conservative wing

A.   the country’s electoral system and rules.

B.   whether the country’s media outlets are publicly or privately owned.

C.   whether election campaigns are publicly or privately financed.

D.   the political opinions of the country’s citizens.

A.   Winnowing

B.   Message bundling

C.   Micro-targeting

D.   Redlining

A.   Although national conventions prior to World War II were primarily media events to promote the candidate the party had already selected, today’s conventions are devoted mostly to debating and negotiating about who the party’s nominee will be.

B.   Though national conventions prior to World War II were primarily devoted to debating and negotiating about who the party’s nominee would be, today’s conventions serve mostly as media events to promote the candidate the party has already selected.

C.   There has been very little change in national party conventions over time, as they have always served mostly as media events to promote the candidate the party has already selected.

D.   There has been very little change in national party conventions over time, as they have always been primarily devoted to debating and negotiating about who the party’s nominee will be.

A.   soft money

B.   patronage

C.   caucuses

D.   Super PAC committees

A.   local, state, and the federal governments have decreased in size to the point that almost no jobs are available to distribute as patronage.

B.   civil service reform and the institution of the merit system mean that party leaders can no longer control who is appointed to government jobs.

C.   so many Americans identify as so-called independents rather than as members of one of the political parties.

D.   the Supreme Court ruled in 1943 that party machines cannot qualify as tax-exempt organizations.

A.   raising campaign funds for party candidates.

B.   minimizing disputes within various parts of the party.

C.   determining committee assignments for members of Congress.

D.   enhancing the party’s media image.

A.   majority party.

B.   minority party.

C.   Republican Party.

D.   Speaker of the House.

A.   racial minorities; government workers

B.   educated upper-middle-class professionals; White working-class voters

C.     

D.   White working-class voters; racial minorities

E.   White working-class voters; educated upper-middle-class professionals

A.   the party divide.

B.   the gender gap.

C.   party polarization.

D.   the partisan gap.

A.   older White voters

B.   African American voters

C.   Latino voters

D.   young Asian American voters

A.   Whigs; Federalists

B.   Federalists; Jeffersonian Republicans

C.   Whigs; Jeffersonian Republicans

D.   Whigs; Democrats

A.   Democrats; Republicans

B.   Federalists; Whigs

C.   Democrats; Whigs

D.   Federalists; Jeffersonians

A.   northern bankers, landowners, and factory workers

B.   eastern bankers, southern planters, and wealthy merchants

C.   western mining interests, small farmers, and urban workers

D.   eastern mining interests, southern merchants, and small farmers

A.   Franklin Delano Roosevelt

B.   Richard Nixon

C.   Ronald Reagan

D.   Barry Goldwater

A.   divided government.

B.   party polarization.

C.   party unity voting.

D.   unified government.

A.   these are the only problems that have yet to be solved by the free market.

B.   the Constitution limits the federal government’s powers to legislate on these issues, necessitating an electoral solution.

C.   these are the only issues that remain to be solved by elected officials.

D.   these issues are important to the middle class, whose support both parties compete for.

A.   ranked-choice voting.

B.   top-to-bottom voting.

C.   strategic voting.

D.   first-past-the-post voting.

A.   the Federalists and Jeffersonian Republicans party system

B.   the Second Party System

C.   the Civil War Party System.

D.   the First Party System

A.   tradition.

B.   ideology.

C.   opinion.

D.   identification.

A.   the pointless political fighting between the two parties that serves no purpose

B.   official acts and behaviors of political parties

C.   identification with or support of a particular party

D.   the process by which a political party is formed

A.   more responsive to the preferences of the upper and middle classes than the lower class.

B.   more responsive to the preferences of the lower and middle classes than the upper class.

C.   more responsive to the preferences of the lower and upper classes than the middle class.

D.   equally responsive to the preferences of the different classes.

A.   partisanship.

B.   patronage.

C.   micro-targeting.

D.   Duverger’s Law.

A.   Federalists and the Jeffersonian Republicans.

B.   Federalists and the Whigs.

C.   Whigs and the Antifederalists.

D.   Federalists and the Washingtonian Democrats.

A.   proportional representation.

B.   single-member, winner-take-all electoral districts.

C.   the Constitution’s requirement for bipartisanship in Congress.

D.   multimember electoral districts.

A.   the candidate with the most votes wins, even if he or she did not win a majority of the popular vote.

B.   a candidate must win both a primary election and a general election before taking office.

C.   a candidate can win an election only if he or she wins a majority of the popular vote.

D.   seats in the House of Representatives and Senate are allocated to political parties based on their share of the total vote cast in the election.

A.   unless a political system adopts strict majoritarian requirements for winning elections, the system will drift into a multiparty democracy.

B.   a political system that only has two major political parties is more reflective of and responsible to voters’ preferences.

C.   a political system is only really a two-party system if other parties beyond the main two are legally prohibited.

D.   a political system with single-member districts and plurality rule elections will tend to result in a two-party system.

A.   how to incorporate young people into the political system, how to convince citizens to trust the government, and how to minimize fiscal shortfalls

B.   how to regulate the number of people seeking public office, how to mobilize voters, and how to achieve the majorities needed to accomplish legislative goals once in office

C.   how to increase the number of people seeking office, how to generate widespread consensus about political problems, and how to limit corruption in government

D.   how to create economic growth, how to protect freedom of speech, and how to achieve equal treatment under the law

A.   convention

B.   party

C.   caucus

D.   primary

A.   raise money to spend on the party’s preselected candidate for the general election.

B.   take nominations for leadership positions within the party.

C.   select a single candidate to represent the party in the general election.

D.   vote on the party’s platform.

A.   forming a committee within Congress to determine campaign strategy.

B.   recruiting additional candidates to run for office.

C.   redrawing each congressional district’s lines.

D.   ensuring that citizens are registered to vote.

A.   two years and only attended by delegates from states that voted for the party’s candidate in the last presidential election.

B.   year and attended by delegates from all 50 states.

C.   four years and attended only by delegates from states that voted for the party’s candidate in the last presidential election.

D.   four years and attended by delegates from all 50 states.

A.   to set the rules for primary and caucus elections as a national committee.

B.   to make partisan appointments to Congress and control the party nomination

C.   exclude voters from the nomination process in primary and caucus elections.

D.   to nominate the candidate for the national election.

A.   there are limits to party insiders’ control of the presidential nomination process.

B.   only the most active members of the Republican Party voted in the 2016 primaries.

C.   party elites play an outsized role in the presidential nomination process.

D.   primary elections do not work to select a candidate for public office.

A.   money

B.   jobs

C.   tariffs

D.   tax cuts

A.   growing levels of air pollution produced from rapid industrialization.

B.   disenfranchisement of women.

C.   system of legal segregation in southern states.

D.   excessive power, corruption, and abuses of party machines and their bosses.

A.   the elite-level members of a party who determine which organizational moves to make

B.   the on-the-ground party members who help organize elections and mobilize voters

C.     

D.   the organized meeting in which a party selects its candidate for presidency and adopts the party platform

E.   the formal structure of a political party, including leadership, election committees, members, and paid staff

A.   expanding funding for education, public spending for infrastructure, and raising taxes on the wealthy and corporations

B.   maintaining high levels of military spending, tax relief for upper-income voters, and reducing corporate taxes

C.   banning abortion, eliminating military spending, and raising taxes on the wealthy and corporations

D.   ending enforcement of all immigration laws, banning abortion, and eliminating income taxes

A.   venue shopper.

B.   whip.

C.   idea capitalist.

D.   policy entrepreneur.

A.   Republican Party

B.   Bull Moose Party

C.   Democratic Party

D.   American Independent Party

A.   Democrats.

B.   independents.

C.   libertarians.

D.   Republicans.

A.   somewhat more likely to support; Republican

B.   overwhelmingly committed to; Democratic

C.   overwhelmingly committed to; Republican

D.   somewhat more likely to support; Democratic

A.   Northeast, Midwest, and West.

B.   South, Northeast, and Midwest.

C.   Northeast and South.

D.   South, Great Plains, and Mountain West.

A.   a candidate is declared the winner if he or she wins a majority of first-place votes.

B.   a new election is conducted if no candidate receives a majority of first-place votes.

C.   there are always at least two separate rounds of voting.

D.   there are always at least three separate rounds of voting.

A.   9

B.   12

C.   6

D.   2

A.   Alexander Hamilton being killed by Aaron Burr.

B.   the Civil War.

C.   Lincoln’s election in 1860.

D.   the War of 1812.

A.   industrialization

B.   the death of Andrew Jackson

C.   the admission of California into the Union

D.   slavery

A.   Republican; Democratic

B.   Democratic; Republican

C.   Federalist; Whig

D.   Whig; Federalist

A.   Democratic

B.   Whig

C.   Populist

D.   Republican

A.   the Great Depression.

B.   Nixon’s popularity with African Americans.

C.   Roosevelt’s inability to unite the upper and lower middle-classes.

D.   internal party conflicts over civil rights and the Vietnam War.

A.   Jews and unionized workers

B.   religious conservatives and working-class Whites

C.   Latinos and the business community

D.   African Americans and upper-class intellectuals

A.   increasing voter turnout and win back Congress

B.   nominating a presidential candidate

C.   adopting more of President Trump’s policies to coopt his support.

D.   changing the party’s platform to focus most on Democratic loyalists

A.   the First Party System

B.   the Contemporary Party System

C.   the Civil War Party System

D.   the System of 1896

A.   Voting Rights Act of 1965.

B.   Bush tax cuts.

C.   System of 1896.

D.   “southern strategy.”

A.   Another third-party candidate would win the election.

B.   The Republican candidate would win the election.

C.   Hillary Clinton would have lost the election.

D.   The Democratic candidate would win the election.

A.   recent immigrants.

B.   social and economic interests that are disregarded by the two major parties for certain reasons.

C.   the political interests of America’s allies, who attempt to influence the American decision-making process because U.S. policies can affect their futures.

D.   extremist religious groups.

A.   Ranked-choice voting has been implemented in some countries (such as Australia) but has never been tried in the United States.

B.   Ranked-choice voting has been implemented in some countries (such as Australia) and in a handful of American states and cities.

C.   Ranked-choice voting has never been implemented in the United States or any other democracy.

D.   A handful of American states and cities have implemented ranked-choice voting, but it has never been tried in any other democracy.