A.   Useful for determining the age and behavior of an extinct species

B.   Rare because many individuals don’t fossilize and those that do are easily destroyed

C.   Remains, impressions, or traces of plants or animals from a previous time

D.   All of these are true of fossils

A.   Pliocene

B.   Pleistocene

C.   Miocene

D.   Oligocene

A.   insects

B.   tubers

C.   fruit

D.   meat

A.   short, curved femur bones that provide a spring-like action with each step

B.   narrow pelvis with the femur positioned straight downwards to provide a wide stance to support our upper body weight

C.   the foramen magnum shifted to the back of the skull so that we are able to look straight ahead with little muscle support

D.   longer femurs, angled in at the knee, to support the body over a narrow center of gravity, which helps make balance more efficient

A.   short femurs, straight downwards from a narrow pelvis

B.   c-shaped spine to support our larger upper bodies

C.   the foramen magnum centered beneath the skull to keep it balanced on top of the spine, allowing smaller muscles to hold it up and look forward

D.    A long and narrow pelvis.

A.   1 - 2 mya

B.   6 - 7 mya

C.   25 - 30 mya

D.   15 - 16 mya

A.   flat face

B.   hip

C.   big toe

D.   pelvis

A.   were basically quadrupedal, but occasionally rose to a two-legged posture

B.   were imperfect bipeds who walked on the sides of their feet

C.   walked somewhat like modern gorillas

D.   walked in a striding bipedal motion like modern humans

A.   Canines as large as chimpanzees

B.   Teeth intermediate between chimps and humans

C.   Fewer teeth than modern humans.

D.   Molars as small as modern humans

A.   Cannibalism

B.   using their teeth as tools

C.   carnivorous diet

D.   Heavy chewing

A.   a vertical forehead

B.   a massive jaw

C.   a very flat, not prognathic face

D.   canines that project slightly below the incisors

A.   larger protruding faces

B.   larger premolars and molars

C.   bipedalism

D.   larger brain size

A.   2.5 million years ago

B.   500,000 years ago

C.   5 million years ago

D.   1 million years ago

A.   were intentionally created by knocking of a series of many flakes, that had to be hit at just the right angle

B.   were sharp shards of rock that broke off when a hominin threw one rock against another.

C.   were attached to wooden spears for hunting large game

D.   took very little skill to make

A.   speciation

B.   mosaic evolution

C.   uneven development

D.   hybridization

A.   a larger brain than Homo habilis

B.   longer legs than Australopithecus species

C.   all of these are true of Homo erectus

D.   smaller teeth than Australopithecus species

A.   1.5 mya

B.   1.0 mya

C.   200 kya

D.   800 kya

A.   Men even out the successful and unsuccessful hunts by sharing meat across a group of hunters

B.   Men never allow women to go hunting with them

C.   people in the community practice weekly rituals to ensure the success of the hunters in their group

D.   men only hunt smaller animals they know won't hurt them

A.   all of these follow from increased reliance on complex foraging skills.

B.   a division of labor between people, so that some focus on one type of task and others focus on another type of task.

C.   specialization of skills. No one person can be good at everything.

D.   people with different skills to share with each other and redistribute the various types of food.

A.   buried their dead

B.   did all of these sometimes

C.   engaged in cannibalism

D.   painted shell jewelry

A.   had relatively short life spans of no more than 45 years, and more commonly less than 30 years.

B.   often had injuries such as bone fractures, suffered from diseases such as arthritis and gum disease and had relatively short life spans of no more than 45 years, and more commonly less than 30 years.

C.   suffered from diseases such as arthritis and gum disease

D.   often had injuries such as bone fractures and had relatively short life spans of no more than 45 years, and more commonly less than 30 years.

A.   Founders

B.   Assimilation

C.   Emergence

D.   Mitochondrial Eve

A.   Neanderthal culture had no influence on the entire continent of Africa

B.   the human mind had not evolved or developed prior to European migration

C.   toolmaking and artistry were more complex than previously thought for the Middle Stone Age

D.   trade routes with Africa during the Middle Stone Age spanned continents

A.   mosaic

B.   kaleidoscope

C.   collage

D.   pastiche

A.   are determined almost entirely by the environment, with almost no genetic effect

B.   are determined by an interaction of genes and environment

C.   are determined almost entirely by genes, with little environmental effect

D.   cannot be influenced by cultural practices

A.   height

B.   disease and height

C.   skin color

D.   skin color, disease, and height

A.   Hair color

B.   ABO blook type

C.   Skin color

D.   None of these

A.   none of these

B.   If offers insight into his or her predisposition to disease.

C.   It provides information about his or her cultural heritage.

D.   It indicates his or her race.