A.   Rare because many individuals don’t fossilize and those that do are easily destroyed

B.   All of these are true of fossils

C.   Useful for determining the age and behavior of an extinct species

D.   Remains, impressions, or traces of plants or animals from a previous time

A.   Pliocene

B.   Miocene

C.   Oligocene

D.   Pleistocene

A.   insects

B.   tubers

C.   fruit

D.   meat

A.   longer femurs, angled in at the knee, to support the body over a narrow center of gravity, which helps make balance more efficient

B.   short, curved femur bones that provide a spring-like action with each step

C.   the foramen magnum shifted to the back of the skull so that we are able to look straight ahead with little muscle support

D.   narrow pelvis with the femur positioned straight downwards to provide a wide stance to support our upper body weight

A.   c-shaped spine to support our larger upper bodies

B.   short femurs, straight downwards from a narrow pelvis

C.   the foramen magnum centered beneath the skull to keep it balanced on top of the spine, allowing smaller muscles to hold it up and look forward

D.    A long and narrow pelvis.

A.   6 - 7 mya

B.   1 - 2 mya

C.   15 - 16 mya

D.   25 - 30 mya

A.   flat face

B.   hip

C.   pelvis

D.   big toe

A.   were imperfect bipeds who walked on the sides of their feet

B.   were basically quadrupedal, but occasionally rose to a two-legged posture

C.   walked in a striding bipedal motion like modern humans

D.   walked somewhat like modern gorillas

A.   Canines as large as chimpanzees

B.   Teeth intermediate between chimps and humans

C.   Fewer teeth than modern humans.

D.   Molars as small as modern humans

A.   Heavy chewing

B.   Cannibalism

C.   using their teeth as tools

D.   carnivorous diet

A.   a massive jaw

B.   a very flat, not prognathic face

C.   canines that project slightly below the incisors

D.   a vertical forehead

A.   larger protruding faces

B.   larger premolars and molars

C.   bipedalism

D.   larger brain size

A.   500,000 years ago

B.   5 million years ago

C.   2.5 million years ago

D.   1 million years ago

A.   took very little skill to make

B.   were intentionally created by knocking of a series of many flakes, that had to be hit at just the right angle

C.   were attached to wooden spears for hunting large game

D.   were sharp shards of rock that broke off when a hominin threw one rock against another.

A.   speciation

B.   hybridization

C.   uneven development

D.   mosaic evolution

A.   all of these are true of Homo erectus

B.   smaller teeth than Australopithecus species

C.   a larger brain than Homo habilis

D.   longer legs than Australopithecus species

A.   1.0 mya

B.   200 kya

C.   800 kya

D.   1.5 mya

A.   men only hunt smaller animals they know won't hurt them

B.   Men even out the successful and unsuccessful hunts by sharing meat across a group of hunters

C.   Men never allow women to go hunting with them

D.   people in the community practice weekly rituals to ensure the success of the hunters in their group

A.   specialization of skills. No one person can be good at everything.

B.   people with different skills to share with each other and redistribute the various types of food.

C.   all of these follow from increased reliance on complex foraging skills.

D.   a division of labor between people, so that some focus on one type of task and others focus on another type of task.

A.   did all of these sometimes

B.   engaged in cannibalism

C.   buried their dead

D.   painted shell jewelry

A.   suffered from diseases such as arthritis and gum disease

B.   had relatively short life spans of no more than 45 years, and more commonly less than 30 years.

C.   often had injuries such as bone fractures and had relatively short life spans of no more than 45 years, and more commonly less than 30 years.

D.   often had injuries such as bone fractures, suffered from diseases such as arthritis and gum disease and had relatively short life spans of no more than 45 years, and more commonly less than 30 years.

A.   Emergence

B.   Assimilation

C.   Mitochondrial Eve

D.   Founders

A.   trade routes with Africa during the Middle Stone Age spanned continents

B.   toolmaking and artistry were more complex than previously thought for the Middle Stone Age

C.   Neanderthal culture had no influence on the entire continent of Africa

D.   the human mind had not evolved or developed prior to European migration

A.   collage

B.   kaleidoscope

C.   mosaic

D.   pastiche

A.   are determined almost entirely by genes, with little environmental effect

B.   are determined by an interaction of genes and environment

C.   are determined almost entirely by the environment, with almost no genetic effect

D.   cannot be influenced by cultural practices

A.   skin color, disease, and height

B.   height

C.   disease and height

D.   skin color

A.   None of these

B.   Skin color

C.   ABO blook type

D.   Hair color

A.   none of these

B.   It indicates his or her race.

C.   It provides information about his or her cultural heritage.

D.   If offers insight into his or her predisposition to disease.