A.   Rare because many individuals don’t fossilize and those that do are easily destroyed

B.   Remains, impressions, or traces of plants or animals from a previous time

C.   Useful for determining the age and behavior of an extinct species

D.   All of these are true of fossils

A.   Miocene

B.   Oligocene

C.   Pliocene

D.   Pleistocene

A.   meat

B.   fruit

C.   insects

D.   tubers

A.   longer femurs, angled in at the knee, to support the body over a narrow center of gravity, which helps make balance more efficient

B.   short, curved femur bones that provide a spring-like action with each step

C.   narrow pelvis with the femur positioned straight downwards to provide a wide stance to support our upper body weight

D.   the foramen magnum shifted to the back of the skull so that we are able to look straight ahead with little muscle support

A.   short femurs, straight downwards from a narrow pelvis

B.   c-shaped spine to support our larger upper bodies

C.   the foramen magnum centered beneath the skull to keep it balanced on top of the spine, allowing smaller muscles to hold it up and look forward

D.    A long and narrow pelvis.

A.   15 - 16 mya

B.   1 - 2 mya

C.   25 - 30 mya

D.   6 - 7 mya

A.   hip

B.   flat face

C.   pelvis

D.   big toe

A.   were imperfect bipeds who walked on the sides of their feet

B.   walked in a striding bipedal motion like modern humans

C.   walked somewhat like modern gorillas

D.   were basically quadrupedal, but occasionally rose to a two-legged posture

A.   Fewer teeth than modern humans.

B.   Teeth intermediate between chimps and humans

C.   Molars as small as modern humans

D.   Canines as large as chimpanzees

A.   Heavy chewing

B.   carnivorous diet

C.   Cannibalism

D.   using their teeth as tools

A.   a massive jaw

B.   a very flat, not prognathic face

C.   a vertical forehead

D.   canines that project slightly below the incisors

A.   larger premolars and molars

B.   larger brain size

C.   larger protruding faces

D.   bipedalism

A.   500,000 years ago

B.   2.5 million years ago

C.   1 million years ago

D.   5 million years ago

A.   were intentionally created by knocking of a series of many flakes, that had to be hit at just the right angle

B.   were sharp shards of rock that broke off when a hominin threw one rock against another.

C.   were attached to wooden spears for hunting large game

D.   took very little skill to make

A.   hybridization

B.   speciation

C.   uneven development

D.   mosaic evolution

A.   smaller teeth than Australopithecus species

B.   longer legs than Australopithecus species

C.   a larger brain than Homo habilis

D.   all of these are true of Homo erectus

A.   1.5 mya

B.   800 kya

C.   1.0 mya

D.   200 kya

A.   Men never allow women to go hunting with them

B.   people in the community practice weekly rituals to ensure the success of the hunters in their group

C.   men only hunt smaller animals they know won't hurt them

D.   Men even out the successful and unsuccessful hunts by sharing meat across a group of hunters

A.   a division of labor between people, so that some focus on one type of task and others focus on another type of task.

B.   people with different skills to share with each other and redistribute the various types of food.

C.   specialization of skills. No one person can be good at everything.

D.   all of these follow from increased reliance on complex foraging skills.

A.   did all of these sometimes

B.   buried their dead

C.   engaged in cannibalism

D.   painted shell jewelry

A.   suffered from diseases such as arthritis and gum disease

B.   had relatively short life spans of no more than 45 years, and more commonly less than 30 years.

C.   often had injuries such as bone fractures and had relatively short life spans of no more than 45 years, and more commonly less than 30 years.

D.   often had injuries such as bone fractures, suffered from diseases such as arthritis and gum disease and had relatively short life spans of no more than 45 years, and more commonly less than 30 years.

A.   Emergence

B.   Assimilation

C.   Mitochondrial Eve

D.   Founders

A.   toolmaking and artistry were more complex than previously thought for the Middle Stone Age

B.   the human mind had not evolved or developed prior to European migration

C.   trade routes with Africa during the Middle Stone Age spanned continents

D.   Neanderthal culture had no influence on the entire continent of Africa

A.   pastiche

B.   collage

C.   kaleidoscope

D.   mosaic

A.   cannot be influenced by cultural practices

B.   are determined by an interaction of genes and environment

C.   are determined almost entirely by genes, with little environmental effect

D.   are determined almost entirely by the environment, with almost no genetic effect

A.   skin color, disease, and height

B.   skin color

C.   disease and height

D.   height

A.   None of these

B.   Skin color

C.   Hair color

D.   ABO blook type

A.   If offers insight into his or her predisposition to disease.

B.   none of these

C.   It indicates his or her race.

D.   It provides information about his or her cultural heritage.