A.   Rare because many individuals don’t fossilize and those that do are easily destroyed

B.   All of these are true of fossils

C.   Remains, impressions, or traces of plants or animals from a previous time

D.   Useful for determining the age and behavior of an extinct species

A.   Pliocene

B.   Miocene

C.   Pleistocene

D.   Oligocene

A.   meat

B.   insects

C.   fruit

D.   tubers

A.   short, curved femur bones that provide a spring-like action with each step

B.   narrow pelvis with the femur positioned straight downwards to provide a wide stance to support our upper body weight

C.   longer femurs, angled in at the knee, to support the body over a narrow center of gravity, which helps make balance more efficient

D.   the foramen magnum shifted to the back of the skull so that we are able to look straight ahead with little muscle support

A.   the foramen magnum centered beneath the skull to keep it balanced on top of the spine, allowing smaller muscles to hold it up and look forward

B.    A long and narrow pelvis.

C.   short femurs, straight downwards from a narrow pelvis

D.   c-shaped spine to support our larger upper bodies

A.   6 - 7 mya

B.   1 - 2 mya

C.   15 - 16 mya

D.   25 - 30 mya

A.   big toe

B.   pelvis

C.   flat face

D.   hip

A.   walked in a striding bipedal motion like modern humans

B.   were basically quadrupedal, but occasionally rose to a two-legged posture

C.   walked somewhat like modern gorillas

D.   were imperfect bipeds who walked on the sides of their feet

A.   Fewer teeth than modern humans.

B.   Molars as small as modern humans

C.   Teeth intermediate between chimps and humans

D.   Canines as large as chimpanzees

A.   carnivorous diet

B.   using their teeth as tools

C.   Heavy chewing

D.   Cannibalism

A.   a very flat, not prognathic face

B.   a massive jaw

C.   canines that project slightly below the incisors

D.   a vertical forehead

A.   larger brain size

B.   bipedalism

C.   larger premolars and molars

D.   larger protruding faces

A.   2.5 million years ago

B.   500,000 years ago

C.   1 million years ago

D.   5 million years ago

A.   were sharp shards of rock that broke off when a hominin threw one rock against another.

B.   took very little skill to make

C.   were intentionally created by knocking of a series of many flakes, that had to be hit at just the right angle

D.   were attached to wooden spears for hunting large game

A.   uneven development

B.   hybridization

C.   speciation

D.   mosaic evolution

A.   longer legs than Australopithecus species

B.   a larger brain than Homo habilis

C.   smaller teeth than Australopithecus species

D.   all of these are true of Homo erectus

A.   1.5 mya

B.   200 kya

C.   800 kya

D.   1.0 mya

A.   Men never allow women to go hunting with them

B.   men only hunt smaller animals they know won't hurt them

C.   Men even out the successful and unsuccessful hunts by sharing meat across a group of hunters

D.   people in the community practice weekly rituals to ensure the success of the hunters in their group

A.   specialization of skills. No one person can be good at everything.

B.   people with different skills to share with each other and redistribute the various types of food.

C.   a division of labor between people, so that some focus on one type of task and others focus on another type of task.

D.   all of these follow from increased reliance on complex foraging skills.

A.   did all of these sometimes

B.   engaged in cannibalism

C.   buried their dead

D.   painted shell jewelry

A.   suffered from diseases such as arthritis and gum disease

B.   often had injuries such as bone fractures, suffered from diseases such as arthritis and gum disease and had relatively short life spans of no more than 45 years, and more commonly less than 30 years.

C.   often had injuries such as bone fractures and had relatively short life spans of no more than 45 years, and more commonly less than 30 years.

D.   had relatively short life spans of no more than 45 years, and more commonly less than 30 years.

A.   Founders

B.   Emergence

C.   Assimilation

D.   Mitochondrial Eve

A.   trade routes with Africa during the Middle Stone Age spanned continents

B.   the human mind had not evolved or developed prior to European migration

C.   Neanderthal culture had no influence on the entire continent of Africa

D.   toolmaking and artistry were more complex than previously thought for the Middle Stone Age

A.   collage

B.   kaleidoscope

C.   mosaic

D.   pastiche

A.   are determined almost entirely by genes, with little environmental effect

B.   are determined by an interaction of genes and environment

C.   cannot be influenced by cultural practices

D.   are determined almost entirely by the environment, with almost no genetic effect

A.   height

B.   skin color

C.   skin color, disease, and height

D.   disease and height

A.   Hair color

B.   Skin color

C.   None of these

D.   ABO blook type

A.   If offers insight into his or her predisposition to disease.

B.   none of these

C.   It indicates his or her race.

D.   It provides information about his or her cultural heritage.