Psychology 041 - Life Span Psychology » Spring 2021 » Test 1

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Question #1
Chromosomal abnormalities and their syndromes: XXY chromosomes on the 23rd pair
A.   XYY syndrome
B.   Down syndrome
C.   Klinefelter's syndrome
Question #2
Chromosomal abnormalities and their syndromes: Extra chromosome at the 21st pair
A.   Turner's syndrome
B.   Down syndrome
C.   XYY syndrome
Question #3
Chromosomal abnormalities and their syndromes: Violent tendencies
A.   XYY syndrome
B.   Down syndrome
C.   Klinefelter's syndrome
Question #4
Chromosomal abnormalities and their syndromes: XO chromosomes on the 23rd pair
A.   Turner's syndrome
B.   XYY syndrome
C.   Down syndrome
Question #5
Classical conditioning stimuli and responses include: A neutral stimulus that leads to a reflexive response (if learning occurs) is a:
A.   unconditioned response (UCR)
B.   conditioned response (CR)
C.   conditioned stimulus (CS)
Question #6
Classical conditioning stimuli and responses include: A learned response is a:
A.   conditioned response (CR)
B.   unconditioned stimulus (US)
C.   unconditioned response (UCR)
Question #7
Classical conditioning stimuli and responses include: A reflexive response is a:
A.   unconditioned stimulus (US)
B.   conditioned stimulus (CS)
C.   unconditioned response (UCR)
Question #8
Classical conditioning stimuli and responses include: A stimulus that automatically leads to a reflexive response is a:
A.   unconditioned stimulus (US)
B.   conditioned response (CR)
C.   unconditioned response (UCR)
Question #9
An independent variable is:
A.   an external variable that cannot be controlled by the researcher.
B.   any unmeasured variable that is uncontrolled within the context of the experiment.
C.   the measured variable that may change depending upon manipulation of a dependent variable.
D.   the variable that is intentionally manipulated by the researcher.
Question #10
Unlike Freud, Erikson:
A.   believed that adult problems reflect childhood conflicts.
B.   only described development in childhood.
C.   emphasized family and culture in his stages.
D.   leaned toward the behaviorist perspective.
Question #11
Selena has a dog at home, so she knows about dogs. She is walking down the street and sees an animal walking toward her. The animal has four legs, fur, and a tail. Selena knows that these are characteristics of dogs. But the animal coming toward her is meowing, not barking. Selena's mom tells her that the animal is a cat. Now when Selena sees an animal with four legs, a tail, and fur, she will conclude it is a dog if it barks and a cat if it meows, illustrating Piaget's concept of:
A.   accommodation.
B.   operations.
C.   assimilation.
D.   equilibrium.
Question #12
_____ theories have brought an understanding of intellectual processes and how our thoughts and beliefs affect every aspect of our development.
A.   Eclectic
B.   Sociocultural
C.   Psychoanalytic
D.   Cognitive
Question #13
An example of the “difference-equals-deficit” error is:
A.   identifying flaws within the scientific method.
B.   failing to compare typical and atypical behavior.
C.   ignoring inconsistencies in a child's language development.
D.   assuming that children who are hearing impaired cannot communicate as well as children who can hear.
Question #14
The final step in the scientific method involves:
A.   conducting research.
B.   posing a question.
C.   testing a hypothesis.
D.   reporting the results.
Question #15
Due to findings from the heart study conducted in Framingham, Massachusetts:
A.   cigarette smoking is down, exercise is up, and doctors routinely monitor blood pressure, weight, and cholesterol.
B.   more parents are monitoring their children's use of harmful substances, such as alcohol and drugs.
C.   childhood obesity rates have soared since the early 1980s.
D.   cigarette smoking and obesity rates are up, but cancer risk has decreased dramatically.
Question #16
The first step in the scientific method involves:
A.   posing a question.
B.   analyzing evidence.
C.   developing a hypothesis.
D.   conducting research.
Question #17
According to evolutionary theory, why are so many people afraid of snakes?
A.   because a fear of snakes helped our ancient ancestors survive
B.   because of unconscious memories of childhood experiences with snakes
C.   because of daily life-threatening experiences
D.   because they have learned by watching others react with fear to snakes
Question #18
_____ research reflects cultural and contextual diversity but is also more vulnerable to bias and harder to replicate.
A.   Experimental
B.   Qualitative
C.   Longitudinal
D.   Quantitative
Question #19
Jennifer and Jerry are dizygotic twins. They are the result of:
A.   one ovum fertilized by one sperm that split into two zygotes.
B.   one ovum that was fertilized by two sperm.
C.   two ova that were fertilized by one sperm.
D.   two separate ova that were fertilized by two different sperm.
Question #20
In China, a “one-child” policy cut the birth rate in half. Although the intended goal of reducing poverty was achieved, several unintended consequences were identified. All the following were unintended consequences EXCEPT for:
A.   millions of newborn girls being placed up for adoption.
B.   males living longer than females.
C.   there being far more unmarried men in China than women.
D.   increased abortions of female fetuses.
Question #21
A fatal central nervous system disorder caused by more than 35 repetitions of a particular set of three base pairs is:
A.   fragile X syndrome.
B.   Huntington's disease.
C.   Down syndrome.
D.   nearsightedness.
Question #22
On the 23rd pair of chromosomes, females have:
A.   an X chromosome and a Y chromosome.
B.   just a Y chromosome.
C.   two Y chromosomes.
D.   two X chromosomes.
Question #23
The day after he was born, Chris was given a test that measures responsiveness and records 46 behaviors, including 20 reflexes. This test is called the:
A.   Bayley Infant Neurological Screener.
B.   Apgar scale.
C.   Denver Developmental Screening.
D.   Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale.
Question #24
The MOST common extra-chromosome condition is:
A.   Down syndrome.
B.   fragile X syndrome.
C.   nearsightedness.
D.   Tourette syndrome.
Question #25
Postpartum depression:
A.   can be mitigated by successful breast-feeding.
B.   is a normal development and no cause for concern.
C.   has no treatment.
D.   does not typically interfere with the care of a newborn.
Question #26
The first 22 chromosomes contain hundreds of genes in the same positions and sequence. If the code of the gene from one parent differs from the code on the same gene from the other parent, the gene pair is:
A.   heterozygous.
B.   homozygous.
C.   dizygotic.
D.   monozygotic.
Question #27
What is correct order of the stages of fetal development?
A.   embryonic, germinal, and fetal.
B.   germinal, fetal, and embryonic.
C.   germinal, embryonic, and fetal.
D.   fetal, embryonic, and germinal.
Question #28
Melissa and Brandon are having a baby and are hoping for a boy. The baby's sex will be decided by the chromosomes of:
A.   Melissa.
B.   both Melissa and Brandon.
C.   Brandon.
D.   neither Melissa nor Brandon.
Question #29
Fraternal twins are also called _____ twins.
A.   dizygotic
B.   zygotic
C.   gamete
D.   monozygotic
Question #30
A baby whose birthweight is significantly lower than expected given the time since conception is referred to as:
A.   low-birthweight.
B.   small for gestational age.
C.   premature.
D.   preterm.
Question #31
Which of the following structures develops FIRST during the period of the embryo?
A.   the neural tube
B.   the primitive streak
C.   the placenta
D.   the upper arms
Question #32
Labor that is started, speeded, or strengthened with a drug is referred to as:
A.   an epidural.
B.   a home birth.
C.   a cesarean section.
D.   induced labor.
Question #33
James and Jacob are identical twins. They are the result of:
A.   one ovum fertilized by one sperm that split into two zygotes.
B.   two ova that were fertilized by one sperm.
C.   two separate ova that were fertilized by two different sperm.
D.   one ovum that was fertilized by two sperm.
Question #34
An individual's entire genetic inheritance is called a(n):
A.   gamete.
B.   allele.
C.   phenotype.
D.   genotype.
Question #35
Adults who were low-birthweight babies have an increased risk of developing:
A.   diabetes.
B.   normal-range weight.
C.   malnutrition.
D.   obesity.
Question #36
Each gene directs the formation of specific proteins made from a string of _____ amino acids.
A.   30
B.   20
C.   10
D.   40
Question #37
Baby Danny weighed 2 pounds, 8 ounces at birth. Danny would be classified as ____ birthweight.
A.   low
B.   very low
C.   extremely low
D.   average
Question #38
Each human has a total of about _____ genes.
A.   40,000
B.   10,000
C.   30,000
D.   20,000

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