A.   more responsive to the needs of the elites in the states they represent.

B.   less responsive to the needs of local interest groups in the districts they represent.

C.   less responsive to the needs of the elites in the states they represent.

D.   more responsive to the needs of local interest groups in the districts they represent.

A.   could serve only two terms.

B.   served four-year terms.

C.   were selected by the federal judiciary.

D.   were appointed by state legislatures.

A.   no new laws will be passed because all representatives must agree before a bill can be enacted.

B.   elected officials will spend too much time attempting to raise money for their next campaign because they must seek re-election so frequently.

C.   the voices of only a few active and informed constituents will be heard because most people do not pay close attention to every issue.

D.   elected officials will completely ignore their constituents’ preferences because they are following their own beliefs about which policies are best.

A.   it makes the U.S. Congress the most representative legislature in the world.

B.   it makes the U.S. Congress the most diverse of any legislature in the world.

C.   it makes it more likely that the substantive representation model will be at play.

D.   many issues cut across gender lines and are more likely to get represented.

A.   pork barreling.

B.   corruption.

C.   casework.

D.   lobbying.

A.   delegate.

B.   constituent.

C.   trustee.

D.   incumbent.

A.   gerrymandering

B.   apportionment

C.   pork barreling

D.   redistricting

A.   100; 1790

B.   100; 1929

C.   435; 1959

D.   435; 1929

A.   makes it more likely that federal courts will rule that gerrymandering is a political question.

B.   makes both partisan and racial gerrymandering a political question in the federal judiciary.

C.   leaves open the possibility that state courts might continue to intervene in gerrymandering cases.

D.   makes it less likely that state legislatures will continue the practice of gerrymandering.

A.   control of the president pro tempore.

B.   control of the calendar.

C.   control over redistricting.

D.   control of the committee system.

A.   the chair of the Rules Committee

B.   the Senate president pro tempore

C.   the majority and minority leaders

D.   the president of the Senate

A.   joint

B.   conference

C.   select

D.   standing

A.   rules governing debate on the floor and committee assignments

B.   foreign relations and national security

C.   taxes, trade, and entitlement programs

D.   highways and waterways

A.   standing

B.   conference

C.   joint

D.   select

A.   a bill is passed in one house of Congress but not passed in the other.

B.   Congress passes a new version of a law that was previously vetoed by the president.

C.   Congress passes a new version of a law that was previously struck down as unconstitutional by the federal judiciary.

D.   there is a divided Congress and the House and Senate exchange amendments in order to reach agreement on the final version of a bill.

A.   staff agencies.

B.   select committees.

C.   caucuses.

D.   conference committees.

A.   taxing and spending were not important issues and the Senate should focus its attention on the country’s most pressing problems.

B.   the Senate was too small in size to make good decisions about taxing and spending.

C.   the chamber closest to the people should exercise greater authority over taxing and spending.

D.   every state should not have equal influence over taxing and spending decisions.

A.   whether lobbyists are allowed inside Congress.

B.   assignment to powerful committees.

C.   whether deliberations are closed or open to the general public.

D.   floor debate on a bill.

A.   add amendments to any bill at any time.

B.   prevent a vote on a bill by speaking continuously on the floor.

C.   refer a bill to multiple committees.

D.   avoid a conference committee.

A.   calling for a cloture vote, adding amendments to a bill, and logrolling

B.   calling for a cloture vote, calling for a party unity vote, and logrolling

C.   filibustering, calling for a cloture vote, and logrolling

D.   filibustering, adding amendments to a bill, and placing a hold on a bill

A.   a joint committee.

B.   multiple referral.

C.   ping-ponging.

D.   a standing committee.

A.   decreased gerrymandering.

B.   increased filibustering.

C.   roll-call voting.

D.   increased polarization.

A.   oversight

B.   executive agreement

C.   impeachment

D.   advice and consent

A.   Executive orders

B.   International accords

C.   Executive agreements

D.   Multilateral initiatives

A.   prosecuting attorney.

B.   judge.

C.   grand jury.

D.   defense attorney.

A.   likely to serve existing interests than to bring together new coalitions of interests.

B.   likely to consider new ideas and better able to act as the agents for groups and interests organized on a statewide or national basis.

C.   attuned to the needs of groups and interests organized on a city- or countywide basis.

D.   likely to spend their time thinking about and running for re-election.

A.   It is less insulated.

B.   All answer choices are correct.

C.   It is more diverse.

D.   It is smaller.

A.   delegate.

B.   lobbyist.

C.   trustee.

D.   policy entrepreneur.

A.   trustee

B.   substantive

C.   descriptive

D.   delegate

A.   Mary Bono.

B.   Jeanette Rankin.

C.   Nancy Pelosi.

D.   Hillary Clinton.

A.   Women are underrepresented in Congress, but there is a disproportionate representation of minorities in Congress.

B.   Since the mid-1990s, the number of women and minorities in Congress roughly reflects their proportions in the general population.

C.   Representation of women and minorities has decreased by one-third since the 1970s.

D.   Representation of women and minorities has increased during the past two decades but is not comparable to their proportions in the general population.

A.   delegate.

B.   incumbent.

C.   constituent.

D.   trustee.

A.   possible pork-barrel projects to benefit his constituency

B.   The ability to send regular newsletters to constituents about his accomplishments, possible pork-barrel projects to benefit his constituency and robust campaign funds

C.   robust campaign funds

D.   the ability to send regular newsletters to constituents about his accomplishments

A.   pork barreling

B.   apportioning

C.   redistricting

D.   gerrymandering

A.   “second-election surprise.”

B.   “incumbency increase.”

C.   “rich get richer” effect.

D.   “sophomore surge.”

A.   redistricting.

B.   apportionment.

C.   redlining.

D.   gerrymandering.

A.   states with sizeable Latino populations could gain seats in Congress.

B.   Latino voters would be less likely to be represented in Congress.

C.   this would not change the apportionment that happens every 10 years.

D.   states with large Latino populations would lose seats in Congress.

A.   Districts could not be drawn to favor the incumbent candidate.

B.   The racial composition of a district could not be the predominant factor when redistricting.

C.   It was not unconstitutional for states to use an unelected, nonpartisan committee to redistrict.

D.   The use of computer technologies to draw districts that will favor one party over another is unconstitutional.

A.   The representative with the longest tenure in the House is the Speaker of the House.

B.   The vice president of the United States is also Speaker of the House.

C.   The president selects the Speaker of the House from the majority party in the House.

D.   The elected leader of the majority party in the House is the Speaker.

A.   the minority party leader with the greatest seniority.

B.   the majority party member with the greatest seniority.

C.   selected directly by the president.

D.   the minority party leader with the least seniority.

A.   Speaker of the House and the Senate president pro tempore

B.   party whips

C.   party caucuses

D.   Ways and Means Committee

A.   they do not need to hold hearings.

B.   their jurisdictions are well-defined.

C.   they do not launch investigations.

D.   they specialize in the committee’s work.

A.   is related to a specific geographic region.

B.   often overlaps with the jurisdiction of select committees.

C.   is determined by the different political parties.

D.   is defined by the subject matter of legislation, which often parallels the major cabinet departments or agencies.

A.   reviews all applications regarding the formation of select committees.

B.   is placed in charge of selecting the Speaker of the House.

C.   determines the jurisdiction of every congressional standing committee.

D.   decides the order in which bills come up for a vote on the House floor and determines the specific rules that govern the length of debate and opportunity for amendments.

A.   economic, taxation, library, and printing.

B.   justice, agriculture, education, and technology.

C.   foreign affairs, welfare, currency, and trade.

D.   globalization, human rights, employment, and citizenship.

A.   permanent and involve members from both the House and the Senate.

B.   permanent and have the power to write and propose legislation.

C.   temporary, involve members from both houses of Congress, and are charged with reaching a compromise on legislation once it has been passed by both the House and the Senate.

D.   temporary and are created to take up an issue that falls between the jurisdiction of existing committees, to highlight an issue, or to investigate a particular problem.

A.   more likely to get leadership in a committee.

B.   less likely to participate in committee work.

C.   less likely to have to participate in subcommittees.

D.   less likely to have to serve as president pro tempore.

E.     

A.   the Congressional Budget Office

B.   the Government Accountability Office

C.   the Office of Management and Budget

D.   the Congressional Research Service

A.   caucus.

B.   bill.

C.   roll call.

D.   conference.

A.   roll-call vote.

B.   committee markup.

C.   oversight phase.

D.   pork barreling stage.

A.   Rules Committee chairperson.

B.   bill’s sponsor and its leading opponent.

C.   majority leader and the minority leader.

D.   whip.

A.   the rule that allows one house of Congress to circumvent the other during the legislative process

B.   the ability of a senator to speak for as long as he or she wishes to prevent action from being taken on legislation that he or she opposes

C.   the process by which three-fifths of the Senate can end a filibuster

D.   a lawsuit filed by a member of the Senate against a member of the House or vice versa

A.   constitutional amendment to eliminate senatorial approval of nominees for positions in the executive branch and the federal courts.

B.   change to the filibuster rules enacted in 2013 that prevents the filibustering of nominees for positions in the executive branch and the federal courts.

C.   policy of restructuring Congress in a way that would eliminate the committee system.

D.   proposal to extend the use of the filibuster to the House of Representatives.

A.   way for bills to pass without approval by the House of Representatives.

B.   way for bills to pass without approval by the Senate.

C.   stalling tactic used in the U.S. House of Representatives to delay debate on a bill.

D.   stalling tactic used in the U.S. Senate to delay debate on a bill.

A.   pocket

B.   procrastination

C.   line-item

D.   silent

A.   track which policies are most popular with members of the public.

B.   rate how members of Congress vote on issues of importance to that group.

C.   add up the number of positive and negative news stories about issues of importance to that group.

D.   measure the length of time it takes for a bill to become a law.

A.   less; less

B.   less; equally

C.   more; less

D.   more; more

A.   A hearing is held in order to analyze a specific bill that has already been proposed, while an investigation examines a broad problem and concludes with recommendations for a proposed bill.

B.   There are no important differences between a congressional hearing and a congressional investigation.

C.   Members of both the House and the Senate hold hearings, while members of a single chamber exclusively conduct an investigation.

D.   An investigation is held in order to analyze a specific bill that has already been proposed, while a hearing examines a broad problem and concludes with recommendations for a proposed bill.

A.   issue executive orders.

B.   make treaties with foreign nations.

C.   issue pardons.

D.   make executive agreements.

A.   prosecuting attorney.

B.   defense attorney.

C.   trial jury.

D.   grand jury.