California State University, Northridge » Sociology » Soc 340 - Sociology of Work » Spring 2021

Soc 340 - Sociology of Work » Spring 2021 » Test 3

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Question #1

It is sometimes argued that women and minorities are treated more fairly large bureaucracies than other work settings. One reason for this is:

A. reduced creativity in bureaucracies

B. that formal rules make discrimination more difficult

C. the federal whistle-blowing law

D. the centralization of control

E. the prevalence of larger number of clerical jobs

Question #2

Which of the following is NOT true about craft workers?

A. Compared with operatives, they have more autonomy over their jobs.

B. They typically learn their trade through apprenticeship programs.

C. Automation has affected them more than other factory workers.

D. Many of their unions have historically made efforts to exclude women and minorities.

E. They are skilled workers.

Question #3

The authors argue that "advanced industrial society" is a preferable term to "postindustrial society" because

A. knowledge work will be so significant

B. agriculture is less important

C. there is still a smaller but highly productive manufacturing sector

D. productivity is hard to measure

E. industrial is a synonym for manufacturing

Question #4

Which of the following statements about informal work cultures is NOT correct?

A. They do not arise in unionized workplaces.

B. They may limit bureaucratic control of labor.

C. They may affect the level of productivity.

D. They may allow discrimination against some workers, despite formal rules.

E. They may facilitate organizational goals.

Question #5

"Social context determines the effects of high technology on skills." This argument is made by which of the following theoretical positions?

A. semi-skilled position

B. social skill thesis

C. skill-upgrading thesis

D. mixed-effects position

E. deskilling thesis

Question #6

Electronic surveillance

A. exists only in science fiction such as Orwell's 1984.

B. is forbidden by law in the United States.

C. is used to monitor the work behavior of employees.

D. is used to insure quality control in production.

E. is used to provide greater safety in the workplace.

Question #7

Which of the following accurately pairs a high-paying service industry with a low- paying one?

A. retail trade -- personal services

B. professional services -- finance

C. transportation -- communication

D. insurance -- public administration

E. wholesale trade -- retail trade

Question #8

De-skilling occurs because

A. workers do not take advantage of training opportunities.

B. unions are not interested in issues of worker skill.

C. college graduates make insubordinate workers.

D. machines using the new technology rarely break down.

E. automation reduces the need for workers to make autonomous decisions.

Question #9

Higher pay among service workers is associated with all of the following EXCEPT

A. higher productivity.

B. high skill level or advanced training.

C. working the evening shift.

D. salaried employment.

E. having powerful clients.

Question #10

The sectoral transformation of the labor force refers to which of the following historical shifts in employment?

A. services->manufacturing

B. agriculture->services

C. agriculture->manufacturing->services

D. services->agricultural->manufacturing

E. manufacturing->agriculture->services

Question #11

Kelly works in a sandwich shop. Every evening at closing time, she must work through a checklist that specifies how the kitchen must be cleaned, the receipts tallied, the doors locked, and so on. This procedure is an example of

A. routinization.

B. face-work.

C. sectoral transformation.

D. social control.

E. emotion work

Question #12

Aquaculture refers to

A. testing swimming pools for micro-organisms.

B. providing adequate water to a community.

C. fish farming.

D. irrigation of farms.

E. river navigation.

Question #13

An important goal of training service workers is to

A. develop rapport with co-workers.

B. routinize interactions with customers.

C. inform workers of their fringe benefits.

D. identify leadership potential among workers.

E. establish agreement with management objectives.

Question #14

Service workers are likely to receive higher compensation if their customer is

A. a family.

B. a business organization.

C. an individual consumer.

D. a college student.

E. another service worker.

Question #15

Carla is a dental hygienist. As she cleans a patient's teeth, she completes a checklist of procedures that must be done in each oral exam. The checklist

A. is irrelevant to the dentist because it is only for Carla's use.

B. routinizes the interaction with the patient.

C. eliminates the need for training.

D. eliminates the need for face work with the patient.

E. reduces the need for a good memory.

Question #16

Managers control service workers in each of the following ways, except for one. What is the EXCEPTION?

A. rewarding customers who find mistakes in worker procedures.

B. providing training.

C. electronic monitoring.

D. encouraging the general public to call misbehavior to the attention of management.

E. making an example of a customer who fails to observer the "customer's role."

Question #17

What outcome does research evidence suggest for occupational distribution in high-technology settings?

A. increasing share of poorly-paid jobs, with a few highly-paid jobs

B. unchanged occupational distribution from the 1980s

C. increasingly middle-class distribution of jobs

D. mostly highly-paid jobs, with a few poorly-paid jobs

E. creation of non-traditional occupations whose pay varies from setting to setting

Question #18

A service interaction is most likely to be sexualized when:

A. the interaction is in the retail apparel industry.

B. the service provider is a minority-group member, and the interaction is

C. the interaction is routinized and the industry is bureaucratized.

D. the service provider is a woman, and she does emotion work.

E. the interaction is in a low-paying industry.

Question #19

The principal difference between social division of labor and manufacturing division of labor is

A. direct personal control versus bureaucratic control.

B. division of labor by training and skill versus the division of labor by occupational inheritance.

C. specialization of workers in crafts versus their specialization in tasks.

D. use of tools versus the use of knowledge.

E. division of labor by gender and age versus no such division of labor.

Question #20

Tertiarization implies the development of industries in which historical order?

A. agriculture->services

B. services->agricultural->manufacturing

C. manufacturing->agriculture->services

D. agriculture->manufacturing->services

E. services->manufacturing

Question #21

Motorola, Inc., has a number of plants located in Korea, Hong Kong, and Singapore. This fact is an example of

A. horizontal differentiation.

B. matrix organization.

C. patrimonial organization.

D. spatial differentiation.

E. vertical differentiation.

Question #22

Computer accounting systems that integrate inventory, payroll and schedule information are called

A. Computer-Assisted Design.

B. Computer-Aided Numeric Controls.

C. Management Information Systems.

D. Innovative Technological Systems.

E. "New" Accounting Systems.

Question #23

What is paper entrepreneurialism?

A. A manipulation of balance sheets by firms to make more profits without making more or better products.

B. The issuing of worthless stocks to manipulate the asking price for a company.

C. A federal policy to financially underwrite increased opportunities for communities to develop new industries.

D. A growth in the manufacturing sector's paper usage.

E. The finance industry's mechanism for making take-home pay appear to increase faster than inflation.

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