California State University, Northridge » Sociology » Soc 340 - Sociology of Work » Spring 2021

Soc 340 - Sociology of Work » Spring 2021 » Test 3

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Question #1

It is sometimes argued that women and minorities are treated more fairly large bureaucracies than other work settings. One reason for this is:

A. reduced creativity in bureaucracies

B. the federal whistle-blowing law

C. the centralization of control

D. the prevalence of larger number of clerical jobs

E. that formal rules make discrimination more difficult

Question #2

Which of the following is NOT true about craft workers?

A. They are skilled workers.

B. They typically learn their trade through apprenticeship programs.

C. Many of their unions have historically made efforts to exclude women and minorities.

D. Compared with operatives, they have more autonomy over their jobs.

E. Automation has affected them more than other factory workers.

Question #3

The authors argue that "advanced industrial society" is a preferable term to "postindustrial society" because

A. productivity is hard to measure

B. knowledge work will be so significant

C. there is still a smaller but highly productive manufacturing sector

D. agriculture is less important

E. industrial is a synonym for manufacturing

Question #4

Which of the following statements about informal work cultures is NOT correct?

A. They do not arise in unionized workplaces.

B. They may facilitate organizational goals.

C. They may affect the level of productivity.

D. They may limit bureaucratic control of labor.

E. They may allow discrimination against some workers, despite formal rules.

Question #5

"Social context determines the effects of high technology on skills." This argument is made by which of the following theoretical positions?

A. semi-skilled position

B. social skill thesis

C. deskilling thesis

D. skill-upgrading thesis

E. mixed-effects position

Question #6

Electronic surveillance

A. exists only in science fiction such as Orwell's 1984.

B. is used to monitor the work behavior of employees.

C. is forbidden by law in the United States.

D. is used to insure quality control in production.

E. is used to provide greater safety in the workplace.

Question #7

Which of the following accurately pairs a high-paying service industry with a low- paying one?

A. wholesale trade -- retail trade

B. retail trade -- personal services

C. insurance -- public administration

D. professional services -- finance

E. transportation -- communication

Question #8

De-skilling occurs because

A. machines using the new technology rarely break down.

B. college graduates make insubordinate workers.

C. unions are not interested in issues of worker skill.

D. automation reduces the need for workers to make autonomous decisions.

E. workers do not take advantage of training opportunities.

Question #9

Higher pay among service workers is associated with all of the following EXCEPT

A. salaried employment.

B. working the evening shift.

C. high skill level or advanced training.

D. having powerful clients.

E. higher productivity.

Question #10

The sectoral transformation of the labor force refers to which of the following historical shifts in employment?

A. agriculture->manufacturing->services

B. services->manufacturing

C. agriculture->services

D. manufacturing->agriculture->services

E. services->agricultural->manufacturing

Question #11

Kelly works in a sandwich shop. Every evening at closing time, she must work through a checklist that specifies how the kitchen must be cleaned, the receipts tallied, the doors locked, and so on. This procedure is an example of

A. social control.

B. sectoral transformation.

C. face-work.

D. routinization.

E. emotion work

Question #12

Aquaculture refers to

A. river navigation.

B. testing swimming pools for micro-organisms.

C. irrigation of farms.

D. providing adequate water to a community.

E. fish farming.

Question #13

An important goal of training service workers is to

A. identify leadership potential among workers.

B. routinize interactions with customers.

C. establish agreement with management objectives.

D. inform workers of their fringe benefits.

E. develop rapport with co-workers.

Question #14

Service workers are likely to receive higher compensation if their customer is

A. a business organization.

B. another service worker.

C. a family.

D. an individual consumer.

E. a college student.

Question #15

Carla is a dental hygienist. As she cleans a patient's teeth, she completes a checklist of procedures that must be done in each oral exam. The checklist

A. reduces the need for a good memory.

B. routinizes the interaction with the patient.

C. eliminates the need for training.

D. eliminates the need for face work with the patient.

E. is irrelevant to the dentist because it is only for Carla's use.

Question #16

Managers control service workers in each of the following ways, except for one. What is the EXCEPTION?

A. making an example of a customer who fails to observer the "customer's role."

B. rewarding customers who find mistakes in worker procedures.

C. electronic monitoring.

D. encouraging the general public to call misbehavior to the attention of management.

E. providing training.

Question #17

What outcome does research evidence suggest for occupational distribution in high-technology settings?

A. mostly highly-paid jobs, with a few poorly-paid jobs

B. creation of non-traditional occupations whose pay varies from setting to setting

C. increasingly middle-class distribution of jobs

D. unchanged occupational distribution from the 1980s

E. increasing share of poorly-paid jobs, with a few highly-paid jobs

Question #18

A service interaction is most likely to be sexualized when:

A. the service provider is a minority-group member, and the interaction is

B. the interaction is in a low-paying industry.

C. the interaction is routinized and the industry is bureaucratized.

D. the service provider is a woman, and she does emotion work.

E. the interaction is in the retail apparel industry.

Question #19

The principal difference between social division of labor and manufacturing division of labor is

A. specialization of workers in crafts versus their specialization in tasks.

B. division of labor by gender and age versus no such division of labor.

C. direct personal control versus bureaucratic control.

D. division of labor by training and skill versus the division of labor by occupational inheritance.

E. use of tools versus the use of knowledge.

Question #20

Tertiarization implies the development of industries in which historical order?

A. agriculture->manufacturing->services

B. manufacturing->agriculture->services

C. services->agricultural->manufacturing

D. services->manufacturing

E. agriculture->services

Question #21

Motorola, Inc., has a number of plants located in Korea, Hong Kong, and Singapore. This fact is an example of

A. matrix organization.

B. patrimonial organization.

C. horizontal differentiation.

D. vertical differentiation.

E. spatial differentiation.

Question #22

Computer accounting systems that integrate inventory, payroll and schedule information are called

A. Computer-Aided Numeric Controls.

B. Innovative Technological Systems.

C. Management Information Systems.

D. Computer-Assisted Design.

E. "New" Accounting Systems.

Question #23

What is paper entrepreneurialism?

A. A growth in the manufacturing sector's paper usage.

B. The issuing of worthless stocks to manipulate the asking price for a company.

C. A manipulation of balance sheets by firms to make more profits without making more or better products.

D. The finance industry's mechanism for making take-home pay appear to increase faster than inflation.

E. A federal policy to financially underwrite increased opportunities for communities to develop new industries.

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