California State University, Northridge » Sociology » Soc 340 - Sociology of Work » Spring 2021

Soc 340 - Sociology of Work » Spring 2021 » Test 3

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Question #1

It is sometimes argued that women and minorities are treated more fairly large bureaucracies than other work settings. One reason for this is:

A. reduced creativity in bureaucracies

B. that formal rules make discrimination more difficult

C. the prevalence of larger number of clerical jobs

D. the federal whistle-blowing law

E. the centralization of control

Question #2

Which of the following is NOT true about craft workers?

A. They are skilled workers.

B. Automation has affected them more than other factory workers.

C. Compared with operatives, they have more autonomy over their jobs.

D. Many of their unions have historically made efforts to exclude women and minorities.

E. They typically learn their trade through apprenticeship programs.

Question #3

The authors argue that "advanced industrial society" is a preferable term to "postindustrial society" because

A. agriculture is less important

B. there is still a smaller but highly productive manufacturing sector

C. industrial is a synonym for manufacturing

D. knowledge work will be so significant

E. productivity is hard to measure

Question #4

Which of the following statements about informal work cultures is NOT correct?

A. They may limit bureaucratic control of labor.

B. They may facilitate organizational goals.

C. They may allow discrimination against some workers, despite formal rules.

D. They may affect the level of productivity.

E. They do not arise in unionized workplaces.

Question #5

"Social context determines the effects of high technology on skills." This argument is made by which of the following theoretical positions?

A. mixed-effects position

B. deskilling thesis

C. semi-skilled position

D. social skill thesis

E. skill-upgrading thesis

Question #6

Electronic surveillance

A. is used to provide greater safety in the workplace.

B. is used to monitor the work behavior of employees.

C. is forbidden by law in the United States.

D. exists only in science fiction such as Orwell's 1984.

E. is used to insure quality control in production.

Question #7

Which of the following accurately pairs a high-paying service industry with a low- paying one?

A. professional services -- finance

B. transportation -- communication

C. insurance -- public administration

D. wholesale trade -- retail trade

E. retail trade -- personal services

Question #8

De-skilling occurs because

A. automation reduces the need for workers to make autonomous decisions.

B. workers do not take advantage of training opportunities.

C. machines using the new technology rarely break down.

D. unions are not interested in issues of worker skill.

E. college graduates make insubordinate workers.

Question #9

Higher pay among service workers is associated with all of the following EXCEPT

A. having powerful clients.

B. high skill level or advanced training.

C. working the evening shift.

D. higher productivity.

E. salaried employment.

Question #10

The sectoral transformation of the labor force refers to which of the following historical shifts in employment?

A. services->manufacturing

B. manufacturing->agriculture->services

C. services->agricultural->manufacturing

D. agriculture->services

E. agriculture->manufacturing->services

Question #11

Kelly works in a sandwich shop. Every evening at closing time, she must work through a checklist that specifies how the kitchen must be cleaned, the receipts tallied, the doors locked, and so on. This procedure is an example of

A. routinization.

B. face-work.

C. social control.

D. sectoral transformation.

E. emotion work

Question #12

Aquaculture refers to

A. providing adequate water to a community.

B. testing swimming pools for micro-organisms.

C. irrigation of farms.

D. river navigation.

E. fish farming.

Question #13

An important goal of training service workers is to

A. routinize interactions with customers.

B. establish agreement with management objectives.

C. identify leadership potential among workers.

D. develop rapport with co-workers.

E. inform workers of their fringe benefits.

Question #14

Service workers are likely to receive higher compensation if their customer is

A. a family.

B. another service worker.

C. a college student.

D. an individual consumer.

E. a business organization.

Question #15

Carla is a dental hygienist. As she cleans a patient's teeth, she completes a checklist of procedures that must be done in each oral exam. The checklist

A. eliminates the need for face work with the patient.

B. eliminates the need for training.

C. reduces the need for a good memory.

D. routinizes the interaction with the patient.

E. is irrelevant to the dentist because it is only for Carla's use.

Question #16

Managers control service workers in each of the following ways, except for one. What is the EXCEPTION?

A. providing training.

B. rewarding customers who find mistakes in worker procedures.

C. encouraging the general public to call misbehavior to the attention of management.

D. electronic monitoring.

E. making an example of a customer who fails to observer the "customer's role."

Question #17

What outcome does research evidence suggest for occupational distribution in high-technology settings?

A. increasingly middle-class distribution of jobs

B. unchanged occupational distribution from the 1980s

C. increasing share of poorly-paid jobs, with a few highly-paid jobs

D. creation of non-traditional occupations whose pay varies from setting to setting

E. mostly highly-paid jobs, with a few poorly-paid jobs

Question #18

A service interaction is most likely to be sexualized when:

A. the interaction is in the retail apparel industry.

B. the interaction is in a low-paying industry.

C. the interaction is routinized and the industry is bureaucratized.

D. the service provider is a minority-group member, and the interaction is

E. the service provider is a woman, and she does emotion work.

Question #19

The principal difference between social division of labor and manufacturing division of labor is

A. use of tools versus the use of knowledge.

B. specialization of workers in crafts versus their specialization in tasks.

C. division of labor by gender and age versus no such division of labor.

D. direct personal control versus bureaucratic control.

E. division of labor by training and skill versus the division of labor by occupational inheritance.

Question #20

Tertiarization implies the development of industries in which historical order?

A. agriculture->services

B. services->manufacturing

C. agriculture->manufacturing->services

D. services->agricultural->manufacturing

E. manufacturing->agriculture->services

Question #21

Motorola, Inc., has a number of plants located in Korea, Hong Kong, and Singapore. This fact is an example of

A. horizontal differentiation.

B. spatial differentiation.

C. patrimonial organization.

D. vertical differentiation.

E. matrix organization.

Question #22

Computer accounting systems that integrate inventory, payroll and schedule information are called

A. "New" Accounting Systems.

B. Management Information Systems.

C. Computer-Aided Numeric Controls.

D. Computer-Assisted Design.

E. Innovative Technological Systems.

Question #23

What is paper entrepreneurialism?

A. A manipulation of balance sheets by firms to make more profits without making more or better products.

B. A federal policy to financially underwrite increased opportunities for communities to develop new industries.

C. The finance industry's mechanism for making take-home pay appear to increase faster than inflation.

D. The issuing of worthless stocks to manipulate the asking price for a company.

E. A growth in the manufacturing sector's paper usage.

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