Soc 340 - Sociology of Work » Spring 2021 » Test 3
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Question #1
It is sometimes argued that women and minorities are treated more fairly large bureaucracies than other work settings. One reason for this is:
A.
the centralization of control
B.
the prevalence of larger number of clerical jobs
C.
that formal rules make discrimination more difficult
D.
the federal whistle-blowing law
E.
reduced creativity in bureaucracies
Question #2
Which of the following is NOT true about craft workers?
A.
They are skilled workers.
B.
Compared with operatives, they have more autonomy over their jobs.
C.
Many of their unions have historically made efforts to exclude women and minorities.
D.
They typically learn their trade through apprenticeship programs.
E.
Automation has affected them more than other factory workers.
Question #3
The authors argue that "advanced industrial society" is a preferable term to "postindustrial society" because
A.
knowledge work will be so significant
B.
industrial is a synonym for manufacturing
C.
there is still a smaller but highly productive manufacturing sector
D.
agriculture is less important
E.
productivity is hard to measure
Question #4
Which of the following statements about informal work cultures is NOT correct?
A.
They do not arise in unionized workplaces.
B.
They may facilitate organizational goals.
C.
They may limit bureaucratic control of labor.
D.
They may allow discrimination against some workers, despite formal rules.
E.
They may affect the level of productivity.
Question #5
"Social context determines the effects of high technology on skills." This argument is made by which of the following theoretical positions?
A.
deskilling thesis
B.
semi-skilled position
C.
social skill thesis
D.
skill-upgrading thesis
E.
mixed-effects position
Question #6
Electronic surveillance
A.
is forbidden by law in the United States.
B.
is used to provide greater safety in the workplace.
C.
is used to monitor the work behavior of employees.
D.
is used to insure quality control in production.
E.
exists only in science fiction such as Orwell's 1984.
Question #7
Which of the following accurately pairs a high-paying service industry with a low- paying one?
A.
wholesale trade -- retail trade
B.
insurance -- public administration
C.
transportation -- communication
D.
retail trade -- personal services
E.
professional services -- finance
Question #8
De-skilling occurs because
A.
college graduates make insubordinate workers.
B.
automation reduces the need for workers to make autonomous decisions.
C.
workers do not take advantage of training opportunities.
D.
unions are not interested in issues of worker skill.
E.
machines using the new technology rarely break down.
Question #9
Higher pay among service workers is associated with all of the following EXCEPT
A.
higher productivity.
B.
having powerful clients.
C.
high skill level or advanced training.
D.
salaried employment.
E.
working the evening shift.
Question #10
The sectoral transformation of the labor force refers to which of the following historical shifts in employment?
A.
services->agricultural->manufacturing
B.
agriculture->services
C.
agriculture->manufacturing->services
D.
manufacturing->agriculture->services
E.
services->manufacturing
Question #11
Kelly works in a sandwich shop. Every evening at closing time, she must work through a checklist that specifies how the kitchen must be cleaned, the receipts tallied, the doors locked, and so on. This procedure is an example of
A.
emotion work
B.
routinization.
C.
sectoral transformation.
D.
face-work.
E.
social control.
Question #12
Aquaculture refers to
A.
irrigation of farms.
B.
fish farming.
C.
providing adequate water to a community.
D.
testing swimming pools for micro-organisms.
E.
river navigation.
Question #13
An important goal of training service workers is to
A.
develop rapport with co-workers.
B.
identify leadership potential among workers.
C.
inform workers of their fringe benefits.
D.
routinize interactions with customers.
E.
establish agreement with management objectives.
Question #14
Service workers are likely to receive higher compensation if their customer is
A.
another service worker.
B.
a family.
C.
a college student.
D.
a business organization.
E.
an individual consumer.
Question #15
Carla is a dental hygienist. As she cleans a patient's teeth, she completes a checklist of procedures that must be done in each oral exam. The checklist
A.
routinizes the interaction with the patient.
B.
eliminates the need for face work with the patient.
C.
reduces the need for a good memory.
D.
eliminates the need for training.
E.
is irrelevant to the dentist because it is only for Carla's use.
Question #16
Managers control service workers in each of the following ways, except for one. What is the EXCEPTION?
A.
making an example of a customer who fails to observer the "customer's role."
B.
providing training.
C.
electronic monitoring.
D.
encouraging the general public to call misbehavior to the attention of management.
E.
rewarding customers who find mistakes in worker procedures.
Question #17
What outcome does research evidence suggest for occupational distribution in high-technology settings?
A.
mostly highly-paid jobs, with a few poorly-paid jobs
B.
increasingly middle-class distribution of jobs
C.
increasing share of poorly-paid jobs, with a few highly-paid jobs
D.
unchanged occupational distribution from the 1980s
E.
creation of non-traditional occupations whose pay varies from setting to setting
Question #18
A service interaction is most likely to be sexualized when:
A.
the interaction is in a low-paying industry.
B.
the interaction is in the retail apparel industry.
C.
the service provider is a minority-group member, and the interaction is
D.
the interaction is routinized and the industry is bureaucratized.
E.
the service provider is a woman, and she does emotion work.
Question #19
The principal difference between social division of labor and manufacturing division of labor is
A.
division of labor by gender and age versus no such division of labor.
B.
specialization of workers in crafts versus their specialization in tasks.
C.
use of tools versus the use of knowledge.
D.
direct personal control versus bureaucratic control.
E.
division of labor by training and skill versus the division of labor by occupational inheritance.
Question #20
Tertiarization implies the development of industries in which historical order?
A.
agriculture->manufacturing->services
B.
agriculture->services
C.
manufacturing->agriculture->services
D.
services->agricultural->manufacturing
E.
services->manufacturing
Question #21
Motorola, Inc., has a number of plants located in Korea, Hong Kong, and Singapore. This fact is an example of
A.
horizontal differentiation.
B.
matrix organization.
C.
vertical differentiation.
D.
patrimonial organization.
E.
spatial differentiation.
Question #22
Computer accounting systems that integrate inventory, payroll and schedule information are called
A.
Computer-Assisted Design.
B.
Computer-Aided Numeric Controls.
C.
Innovative Technological Systems.
D.
"New" Accounting Systems.
E.
Management Information Systems.
Question #23
What is paper entrepreneurialism?
A.
A growth in the manufacturing sector's paper usage.
B.
A manipulation of balance sheets by firms to make more profits without making more or better products.
C.
The finance industry's mechanism for making take-home pay appear to increase faster than inflation.
D.
A federal policy to financially underwrite increased opportunities for communities to develop new industries.
E.
The issuing of worthless stocks to manipulate the asking price for a company.
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