California State University, Northridge » Sociology » Soc 340 - Sociology of Work » Spring 2021

Soc 340 - Sociology of Work » Spring 2021 » Test 3

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Question #1

It is sometimes argued that women and minorities are treated more fairly large bureaucracies than other work settings. One reason for this is:

A. the federal whistle-blowing law

B. the prevalence of larger number of clerical jobs

C. the centralization of control

D. reduced creativity in bureaucracies

E. that formal rules make discrimination more difficult

Question #2

Which of the following is NOT true about craft workers?

A. They are skilled workers.

B. Automation has affected them more than other factory workers.

C. They typically learn their trade through apprenticeship programs.

D. Many of their unions have historically made efforts to exclude women and minorities.

E. Compared with operatives, they have more autonomy over their jobs.

Question #3

The authors argue that "advanced industrial society" is a preferable term to "postindustrial society" because

A. knowledge work will be so significant

B. productivity is hard to measure

C. industrial is a synonym for manufacturing

D. there is still a smaller but highly productive manufacturing sector

E. agriculture is less important

Question #4

Which of the following statements about informal work cultures is NOT correct?

A. They do not arise in unionized workplaces.

B. They may allow discrimination against some workers, despite formal rules.

C. They may facilitate organizational goals.

D. They may affect the level of productivity.

E. They may limit bureaucratic control of labor.

Question #5

"Social context determines the effects of high technology on skills." This argument is made by which of the following theoretical positions?

A. social skill thesis

B. skill-upgrading thesis

C. semi-skilled position

D. deskilling thesis

E. mixed-effects position

Question #6

Electronic surveillance

A. is used to monitor the work behavior of employees.

B. is forbidden by law in the United States.

C. is used to insure quality control in production.

D. is used to provide greater safety in the workplace.

E. exists only in science fiction such as Orwell's 1984.

Question #7

Which of the following accurately pairs a high-paying service industry with a low- paying one?

A. retail trade -- personal services

B. transportation -- communication

C. wholesale trade -- retail trade

D. professional services -- finance

E. insurance -- public administration

Question #8

De-skilling occurs because

A. workers do not take advantage of training opportunities.

B. automation reduces the need for workers to make autonomous decisions.

C. unions are not interested in issues of worker skill.

D. college graduates make insubordinate workers.

E. machines using the new technology rarely break down.

Question #9

Higher pay among service workers is associated with all of the following EXCEPT

A. salaried employment.

B. working the evening shift.

C. high skill level or advanced training.

D. having powerful clients.

E. higher productivity.

Question #10

The sectoral transformation of the labor force refers to which of the following historical shifts in employment?

A. manufacturing->agriculture->services

B. services->manufacturing

C. services->agricultural->manufacturing

D. agriculture->services

E. agriculture->manufacturing->services

Question #11

Kelly works in a sandwich shop. Every evening at closing time, she must work through a checklist that specifies how the kitchen must be cleaned, the receipts tallied, the doors locked, and so on. This procedure is an example of

A. face-work.

B. social control.

C. routinization.

D. sectoral transformation.

E. emotion work

Question #12

Aquaculture refers to

A. testing swimming pools for micro-organisms.

B. fish farming.

C. irrigation of farms.

D. river navigation.

E. providing adequate water to a community.

Question #13

An important goal of training service workers is to

A. develop rapport with co-workers.

B. establish agreement with management objectives.

C. routinize interactions with customers.

D. inform workers of their fringe benefits.

E. identify leadership potential among workers.

Question #14

Service workers are likely to receive higher compensation if their customer is

A. an individual consumer.

B. another service worker.

C. a college student.

D. a family.

E. a business organization.

Question #15

Carla is a dental hygienist. As she cleans a patient's teeth, she completes a checklist of procedures that must be done in each oral exam. The checklist

A. eliminates the need for training.

B. is irrelevant to the dentist because it is only for Carla's use.

C. eliminates the need for face work with the patient.

D. routinizes the interaction with the patient.

E. reduces the need for a good memory.

Question #16

Managers control service workers in each of the following ways, except for one. What is the EXCEPTION?

A. making an example of a customer who fails to observer the "customer's role."

B. electronic monitoring.

C. rewarding customers who find mistakes in worker procedures.

D. encouraging the general public to call misbehavior to the attention of management.

E. providing training.

Question #17

What outcome does research evidence suggest for occupational distribution in high-technology settings?

A. increasingly middle-class distribution of jobs

B. mostly highly-paid jobs, with a few poorly-paid jobs

C. unchanged occupational distribution from the 1980s

D. creation of non-traditional occupations whose pay varies from setting to setting

E. increasing share of poorly-paid jobs, with a few highly-paid jobs

Question #18

A service interaction is most likely to be sexualized when:

A. the interaction is in a low-paying industry.

B. the interaction is routinized and the industry is bureaucratized.

C. the service provider is a minority-group member, and the interaction is

D. the interaction is in the retail apparel industry.

E. the service provider is a woman, and she does emotion work.

Question #19

The principal difference between social division of labor and manufacturing division of labor is

A. division of labor by gender and age versus no such division of labor.

B. direct personal control versus bureaucratic control.

C. specialization of workers in crafts versus their specialization in tasks.

D. division of labor by training and skill versus the division of labor by occupational inheritance.

E. use of tools versus the use of knowledge.

Question #20

Tertiarization implies the development of industries in which historical order?

A. agriculture->services

B. services->manufacturing

C. agriculture->manufacturing->services

D. services->agricultural->manufacturing

E. manufacturing->agriculture->services

Question #21

Motorola, Inc., has a number of plants located in Korea, Hong Kong, and Singapore. This fact is an example of

A. patrimonial organization.

B. spatial differentiation.

C. horizontal differentiation.

D. matrix organization.

E. vertical differentiation.

Question #22

Computer accounting systems that integrate inventory, payroll and schedule information are called

A. "New" Accounting Systems.

B. Computer-Aided Numeric Controls.

C. Innovative Technological Systems.

D. Computer-Assisted Design.

E. Management Information Systems.

Question #23

What is paper entrepreneurialism?

A. A federal policy to financially underwrite increased opportunities for communities to develop new industries.

B. A manipulation of balance sheets by firms to make more profits without making more or better products.

C. A growth in the manufacturing sector's paper usage.

D. The finance industry's mechanism for making take-home pay appear to increase faster than inflation.

E. The issuing of worthless stocks to manipulate the asking price for a company.

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