California State University, Northridge » Sociology » Soc 340 - Sociology of Work » Spring 2021

Soc 340 - Sociology of Work » Spring 2021 » Test 3

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Question #1

It is sometimes argued that women and minorities are treated more fairly large bureaucracies than other work settings. One reason for this is:

A. that formal rules make discrimination more difficult

B. the federal whistle-blowing law

C. the prevalence of larger number of clerical jobs

D. reduced creativity in bureaucracies

E. the centralization of control

Question #2

Which of the following is NOT true about craft workers?

A. They typically learn their trade through apprenticeship programs.

B. Automation has affected them more than other factory workers.

C. Many of their unions have historically made efforts to exclude women and minorities.

D. They are skilled workers.

E. Compared with operatives, they have more autonomy over their jobs.

Question #3

The authors argue that "advanced industrial society" is a preferable term to "postindustrial society" because

A. there is still a smaller but highly productive manufacturing sector

B. agriculture is less important

C. industrial is a synonym for manufacturing

D. knowledge work will be so significant

E. productivity is hard to measure

Question #4

Which of the following statements about informal work cultures is NOT correct?

A. They may allow discrimination against some workers, despite formal rules.

B. They do not arise in unionized workplaces.

C. They may limit bureaucratic control of labor.

D. They may facilitate organizational goals.

E. They may affect the level of productivity.

Question #5

"Social context determines the effects of high technology on skills." This argument is made by which of the following theoretical positions?

A. skill-upgrading thesis

B. mixed-effects position

C. deskilling thesis

D. social skill thesis

E. semi-skilled position

Question #6

Electronic surveillance

A. is used to insure quality control in production.

B. is used to monitor the work behavior of employees.

C. is forbidden by law in the United States.

D. is used to provide greater safety in the workplace.

E. exists only in science fiction such as Orwell's 1984.

Question #7

Which of the following accurately pairs a high-paying service industry with a low- paying one?

A. transportation -- communication

B. insurance -- public administration

C. wholesale trade -- retail trade

D. retail trade -- personal services

E. professional services -- finance

Question #8

De-skilling occurs because

A. workers do not take advantage of training opportunities.

B. unions are not interested in issues of worker skill.

C. college graduates make insubordinate workers.

D. machines using the new technology rarely break down.

E. automation reduces the need for workers to make autonomous decisions.

Question #9

Higher pay among service workers is associated with all of the following EXCEPT

A. working the evening shift.

B. higher productivity.

C. salaried employment.

D. high skill level or advanced training.

E. having powerful clients.

Question #10

The sectoral transformation of the labor force refers to which of the following historical shifts in employment?

A. services->manufacturing

B. agriculture->manufacturing->services

C. manufacturing->agriculture->services

D. services->agricultural->manufacturing

E. agriculture->services

Question #11

Kelly works in a sandwich shop. Every evening at closing time, she must work through a checklist that specifies how the kitchen must be cleaned, the receipts tallied, the doors locked, and so on. This procedure is an example of

A. emotion work

B. sectoral transformation.

C. social control.

D. routinization.

E. face-work.

Question #12

Aquaculture refers to

A. providing adequate water to a community.

B. river navigation.

C. irrigation of farms.

D. fish farming.

E. testing swimming pools for micro-organisms.

Question #13

An important goal of training service workers is to

A. routinize interactions with customers.

B. develop rapport with co-workers.

C. establish agreement with management objectives.

D. inform workers of their fringe benefits.

E. identify leadership potential among workers.

Question #14

Service workers are likely to receive higher compensation if their customer is

A. a business organization.

B. a college student.

C. a family.

D. an individual consumer.

E. another service worker.

Question #15

Carla is a dental hygienist. As she cleans a patient's teeth, she completes a checklist of procedures that must be done in each oral exam. The checklist

A. eliminates the need for face work with the patient.

B. is irrelevant to the dentist because it is only for Carla's use.

C. eliminates the need for training.

D. reduces the need for a good memory.

E. routinizes the interaction with the patient.

Question #16

Managers control service workers in each of the following ways, except for one. What is the EXCEPTION?

A. providing training.

B. making an example of a customer who fails to observer the "customer's role."

C. electronic monitoring.

D. encouraging the general public to call misbehavior to the attention of management.

E. rewarding customers who find mistakes in worker procedures.

Question #17

What outcome does research evidence suggest for occupational distribution in high-technology settings?

A. mostly highly-paid jobs, with a few poorly-paid jobs

B. increasingly middle-class distribution of jobs

C. creation of non-traditional occupations whose pay varies from setting to setting

D. increasing share of poorly-paid jobs, with a few highly-paid jobs

E. unchanged occupational distribution from the 1980s

Question #18

A service interaction is most likely to be sexualized when:

A. the service provider is a minority-group member, and the interaction is

B. the service provider is a woman, and she does emotion work.

C. the interaction is in the retail apparel industry.

D. the interaction is in a low-paying industry.

E. the interaction is routinized and the industry is bureaucratized.

Question #19

The principal difference between social division of labor and manufacturing division of labor is

A. specialization of workers in crafts versus their specialization in tasks.

B. division of labor by training and skill versus the division of labor by occupational inheritance.

C. division of labor by gender and age versus no such division of labor.

D. use of tools versus the use of knowledge.

E. direct personal control versus bureaucratic control.

Question #20

Tertiarization implies the development of industries in which historical order?

A. services->agricultural->manufacturing

B. services->manufacturing

C. agriculture->services

D. agriculture->manufacturing->services

E. manufacturing->agriculture->services

Question #21

Motorola, Inc., has a number of plants located in Korea, Hong Kong, and Singapore. This fact is an example of

A. spatial differentiation.

B. vertical differentiation.

C. patrimonial organization.

D. horizontal differentiation.

E. matrix organization.

Question #22

Computer accounting systems that integrate inventory, payroll and schedule information are called

A. Computer-Assisted Design.

B. Management Information Systems.

C. "New" Accounting Systems.

D. Computer-Aided Numeric Controls.

E. Innovative Technological Systems.

Question #23

What is paper entrepreneurialism?

A. A manipulation of balance sheets by firms to make more profits without making more or better products.

B. A growth in the manufacturing sector's paper usage.

C. A federal policy to financially underwrite increased opportunities for communities to develop new industries.

D. The issuing of worthless stocks to manipulate the asking price for a company.

E. The finance industry's mechanism for making take-home pay appear to increase faster than inflation.

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