Soc 340 - Sociology of Work » Spring 2021 » Test 3

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Question #1
It is sometimes argued that women and minorities are treated more fairly large bureaucracies than other work settings. One reason for this is:
A.   the prevalence of larger number of clerical jobs
B.   the centralization of control
C.   the federal whistle-blowing law
D.   reduced creativity in bureaucracies
E.   that formal rules make discrimination more difficult
Question #2
Which of the following is NOT true about craft workers?
A.   They are skilled workers.
B.   Compared with operatives, they have more autonomy over their jobs.
C.   They typically learn their trade through apprenticeship programs.
D.   Many of their unions have historically made efforts to exclude women and minorities.
E.   Automation has affected them more than other factory workers.
Question #3
The authors argue that "advanced industrial society" is a preferable term to "postindustrial society" because
A.   knowledge work will be so significant
B.   there is still a smaller but highly productive manufacturing sector
C.   productivity is hard to measure
D.   agriculture is less important
E.   industrial is a synonym for manufacturing
Question #4
Which of the following statements about informal work cultures is NOT correct?
A.   They may affect the level of productivity.
B.   They do not arise in unionized workplaces.
C.   They may facilitate organizational goals.
D.   They may limit bureaucratic control of labor.
E.   They may allow discrimination against some workers, despite formal rules.
Question #5
"Social context determines the effects of high technology on skills." This argument is made by which of the following theoretical positions?
A.   social skill thesis
B.   deskilling thesis
C.   skill-upgrading thesis
D.   mixed-effects position
E.   semi-skilled position
Question #6
Electronic surveillance
A.   exists only in science fiction such as Orwell's 1984.
B.   is used to monitor the work behavior of employees.
C.   is used to provide greater safety in the workplace.
D.   is used to insure quality control in production.
E.   is forbidden by law in the United States.
Question #7
Which of the following accurately pairs a high-paying service industry with a low- paying one?
A.   transportation -- communication
B.   wholesale trade -- retail trade
C.   insurance -- public administration
D.   professional services -- finance
E.   retail trade -- personal services
Question #8
De-skilling occurs because
A.   machines using the new technology rarely break down.
B.   workers do not take advantage of training opportunities.
C.   unions are not interested in issues of worker skill.
D.   college graduates make insubordinate workers.
E.   automation reduces the need for workers to make autonomous decisions.
Question #9
Higher pay among service workers is associated with all of the following EXCEPT
A.   higher productivity.
B.   high skill level or advanced training.
C.   salaried employment.
D.   having powerful clients.
E.   working the evening shift.
Question #10
The sectoral transformation of the labor force refers to which of the following historical shifts in employment?
A.   agriculture->services
B.   agriculture->manufacturing->services
C.   services->manufacturing
D.   manufacturing->agriculture->services
E.   services->agricultural->manufacturing
Question #11
Kelly works in a sandwich shop. Every evening at closing time, she must work through a checklist that specifies how the kitchen must be cleaned, the receipts tallied, the doors locked, and so on. This procedure is an example of
A.   social control.
B.   emotion work
C.   sectoral transformation.
D.   face-work.
E.   routinization.
Question #12
Aquaculture refers to
A.   providing adequate water to a community.
B.   fish farming.
C.   irrigation of farms.
D.   testing swimming pools for micro-organisms.
E.   river navigation.
Question #13
An important goal of training service workers is to
A.   identify leadership potential among workers.
B.   routinize interactions with customers.
C.   develop rapport with co-workers.
D.   establish agreement with management objectives.
E.   inform workers of their fringe benefits.
Question #14
Service workers are likely to receive higher compensation if their customer is
A.   a business organization.
B.   another service worker.
C.   a college student.
D.   an individual consumer.
E.   a family.
Question #15
Carla is a dental hygienist. As she cleans a patient's teeth, she completes a checklist of procedures that must be done in each oral exam. The checklist
A.   reduces the need for a good memory.
B.   is irrelevant to the dentist because it is only for Carla's use.
C.   eliminates the need for training.
D.   routinizes the interaction with the patient.
E.   eliminates the need for face work with the patient.
Question #16
Managers control service workers in each of the following ways, except for one. What is the EXCEPTION?
A.   providing training.
B.   encouraging the general public to call misbehavior to the attention of management.
C.   making an example of a customer who fails to observer the "customer's role."
D.   electronic monitoring.
E.   rewarding customers who find mistakes in worker procedures.
Question #17
What outcome does research evidence suggest for occupational distribution in high-technology settings?
A.   increasing share of poorly-paid jobs, with a few highly-paid jobs
B.   increasingly middle-class distribution of jobs
C.   creation of non-traditional occupations whose pay varies from setting to setting
D.   unchanged occupational distribution from the 1980s
E.   mostly highly-paid jobs, with a few poorly-paid jobs
Question #18
A service interaction is most likely to be sexualized when:
A.   the interaction is in a low-paying industry.
B.   the service provider is a minority-group member, and the interaction is
C.   the service provider is a woman, and she does emotion work.
D.   the interaction is routinized and the industry is bureaucratized.
E.   the interaction is in the retail apparel industry.
Question #19
The principal difference between social division of labor and manufacturing division of labor is
A.   division of labor by gender and age versus no such division of labor.
B.   direct personal control versus bureaucratic control.
C.   use of tools versus the use of knowledge.
D.   specialization of workers in crafts versus their specialization in tasks.
E.   division of labor by training and skill versus the division of labor by occupational inheritance.
Question #20
Tertiarization implies the development of industries in which historical order?
A.   services->agricultural->manufacturing
B.   agriculture->services
C.   agriculture->manufacturing->services
D.   manufacturing->agriculture->services
E.   services->manufacturing
Question #21
Motorola, Inc., has a number of plants located in Korea, Hong Kong, and Singapore. This fact is an example of
A.   vertical differentiation.
B.   matrix organization.
C.   spatial differentiation.
D.   patrimonial organization.
E.   horizontal differentiation.
Question #22
Computer accounting systems that integrate inventory, payroll and schedule information are called
A.   "New" Accounting Systems.
B.   Computer-Assisted Design.
C.   Innovative Technological Systems.
D.   Management Information Systems.
E.   Computer-Aided Numeric Controls.
Question #23
What is paper entrepreneurialism?
A.   A manipulation of balance sheets by firms to make more profits without making more or better products.
B.   The issuing of worthless stocks to manipulate the asking price for a company.
C.   A federal policy to financially underwrite increased opportunities for communities to develop new industries.
D.   A growth in the manufacturing sector's paper usage.
E.   The finance industry's mechanism for making take-home pay appear to increase faster than inflation.

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